The study of the relationship between managers’ roles and motivation among personnel

In addition to doing their organizational tasks, the managers play their roles such as interpersonal, communicative, and decision making roles. On the other hand, properly perceived management toward personnel’s motivation may also serve as a valuable tool in order to recognize the reasons for behavior in organizations and prediction of the impact of their administrative measures. In this sense, the current investigation deals with study on the relationship between the roles of managers and creation of motive among personnel. The research statistical population comprises of all personnel of Mashiz Gharzolhasaneh and saving fund branches in Kerman province (Iran) where 196 of them were chosen as sample group by means of statistical formula. Data were collected by means of questionnaire and with simple randomized sampling technique. Research findings showed that there is less correlation between interpersonal roles and creation of motive compared to managers’ roles while the maximum correlation corresponds to communicative roles and motivation. Similarly, there is also relatively high correlation between roles of decision making and motivation

The study of the relationship between managers’ roles and motivation among personnel

In addition to doing their organizational tasks, the managers play their roles such as interpersonal, communicative, and decision making roles. On the other hand, properly perceived management toward personnel’s motivation may also serve as a valuable tool in order to recognize the reasons for behavior in organizations and prediction of the impact of their administrative measures. In this sense, the current investigation deals with study on the relationship between the roles of managers and creation of motive among personnel. The research statistical population comprises of all personnel of Mashiz Gharzolhasaneh and saving fund branches in Kerman province (Iran) where 196 of them were chosen as sample group by means of statistical formula. Data were collected by means of questionnaire and with simple randomized sampling technique. Research findings showed that there is less correlation between interpersonal roles and creation of motive compared to managers’ roles while the maximum correlation corresponds to communicative roles and motivation. Similarly, there is also relatively high correlation between roles of decision making and motivation

Investigating the Relationship between Managers' Narcissism and the Optimistic Tone of Financial Reporting: The Adjusting Role of Earnings Management

Narcissist managers, with behavioral characteristics such as selfishness, domination, and self-aggrandizement, don’t consider rules and regulations important. They manipulate detailed accounting reports opportunistically using positive words in an optimistic manner. This study aims to investigate the relationship between managers' narcissism and the optimistic tone of financial reporting with the moderating role of earnings management. To measure narcissism, two proxies are used: the area of managers’ signatures and the ratio of managers' remuneration to the total annual salary of employees, and vocabulary frequency as a criterion to measure optimistic tone. The sample includes 115 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange throughout 2011- 2018. To test the research hypotheses, regression has been used. Results indicate that there is a positive and meaningful correlation between the narcissism of managers and the optimistic tone in financial reporting. In other words, narcissist managers consider financial reports prepared based on an optimistic tone as an opportunity to satisfy their insatiable desire for self-promotion. Earnings management has got a positive moderating effect on the correlation of narcissism of managers and optimistic tone in financial reporting

Nurses’ understanding of evidence-based practice: Identification of barriers to utilization of research in teaching hospitals

BACKGROUND: In medical organizations, utilizing evidence-based practice (EBP) helps nurses and patients make the best decision in health care in certain clinical settings. Hence, recognizing its educational barriers is so important.METHODS: The present study was a descriptive-analytical research that was conducted using a cross-sectional design in 6 teaching hospitals of Qazvin City, Iran, in 2014. The study sample consisted of 260 nurses. Based on the number of the nurses working in each hospital, the study sample was chosen by a stratified random method. Two questionnaires were employed to collect the required data. The first questionnaire was Evidence-Based Practice Questionnaire (EBPQ) that evaluates nurses’ understanding of EBP. The second questionnaire was related to measuring the barriers to utilization of research by the nurses that was developed by Funk et al. For analyzing the collected data, frequency distribution tables, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and linear regression coefficient were used.RESULTS: The total mean of EBP among the nurses was at a level above average. The subscales of knowledge/skill (3.74) and attitude (3.87) had a lower average compared to the subscale of practice (4.14). The total mean of the barriers was 3.07. According to the results of the present study, organization and adopter had the highest and lowest means, respectively.CONCLUSION: Identifying the barriers that affect effective EBP implementation can help nurses achieve their goals by removing these obstacles, building the necessary infrastructure, and providing human, physical, and financial resources

Estimation of Burden of Cystic Echinococcosis in Iran Using Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) in 2018

Background: Human hydatidosis as a public concern has increased in a number of countries that have reduced control programs for the disease due to lack of resources or policies. We aimed to estimate Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) for human hydatidosis in Iran in 2018. Methods: Data were collected from the Center of Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health &Medical Education, Tehran, Iran in 2018. To calculate DALYs, years of life lost due to premature death (YLL) with years of life with disability (YLD) were calculated according to the formula as DALY = YLL + YLD. The standard life expectancy lost method (SEYLL) was used to calculate the years lost due to premature death. Results: DALYs for human hydatidosis was calculated as 1210.12 years (YLD equals to 177.12 and YLL equals to 1033) in Iran for the year 2018. It was estimated to be 700.2 years for men and 509.8 years for women. DALYs in men were significantly different from women (P= 0.001) so DALYs were more in men than women were. YLD was calculated at 78.228 years in men and 98.892 years in women and in both men and women at 177.12 years. YLD was significantly different in women compared to men (P=0.001), so YLD in women was more than in men. Conclusion: We reached considerable indices for hydatidosis in our study. Therefore, disease prevention and control programs in Iran seem necessary by the policy makers. Keywords: Hydatidosis; Burden; Disability-adjusted life years; Human; Ira

Licensed under Creative Common COMPARATIVE STUDY OF OPTIMAL PORTFOLIO SELECTION USING ALGORITHM IMPERIALIST COMPETITIVE AND CULTURAL EVOLUTION

Abstract Due to the growing capital markets and the increasing volume of data, investor

Quality of Financial Reporting, Investment and Quality of Disclosure: With Stressing on Type of FinancingQuality of Financial Reporting, Investment and Quality of Disclosure: With Stressing on Type of Financing

Abstract: I

The relation between performance-based budgeting and activity-based budgeting

Successful and pioneer organisations are trying to combine budgeting process, strategic planning and performance management. Our objective is evaluating implementation of performance-based budgeting (PBB) by using activity-based budgeting (ABB). The research has been done in Telecommunication Organization in Iran and data gathering was done by the means of observation, document analysis and interview. The results of this research indicate that implementation of PBB by using ABB's abilities can be easier and PBB's goals which emphasise on efficiency, effectiveness, economy, outputs and outcomes will be reached. This research is as the first step of PBB's implementation, and it should be continued in order to reach and find the main frame as PBB's goals.PBB; performance-based budgeting; ABB; activity-based budgeting; strategic planning; performance management; Iran.

Linkage between plant species diversity and soil-based functions along a post- agricultural succession are influenced by the vegetative forms.

International audienceThere is a growing body of knowledge that ecosystem functions, in particular, soil-based ecosystem functions, are related to biodiversity. However, how plant species diversity influences soil-based functions along post-agricultural secondary succession is still a largely ignored question in Mediterranean semi-arid conditions. Therefore, we used the plant functional group approach to investigate the relationships between plant species diversity indices and soil-based functions including microbial biomass carbon (MBC), basal respiration (BR), and carbon sequestration (CS) across three different stages of the vegetation succession corresponding to ~ 5 years after agricultural abandonment, ~ 15 years after abandonment, and oak forests which represent the terminal stage. We also tested if these relationships are supported by the niche complementarity and selection effect hypotheses. The results showed that soil-based functions significantly increased with time since abandonment as BR, MBC, and CS increased respectively by 1.7, 1.5, and 2.7 times across the three successional stages. We also found strong correlations between the diversity indices and the soil-based functions BR, MBC, and CS which were positive for richness (R2 values 0.75, 0.74, and 0.75) and Shannon diversity (R2 values 0.61, 0.58, and 0.61) but negative for evenness (R2 values 0.38, 0.38, and 0.36 for, respectively). Similarly, richness and Shannon diversity of the different plant functional groups positively correlated with soil-based functions. However, contrasting results were found for evenness which positively correlated with soil-based functions for perennial grass only. We suggested that increasing the diversity of plant species and facilitating dominant species would be needed to improve the soil-based ecosystem functions after abandonment of degraded soils. This study also revealed that the mechanisms behind the relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem functions were influenced by the vegetative forms

Rapid recovery of the vegetation diversity and soil fertility after cropland abandonment in a semiarid oak ecosystem: An approach based on plant functional groups

International audienceIn many parts of the world, including the semi-arid Mediterranean areas, land abandonment has led to significant changes in vegetation composition, plant diversity as well as soil fertility. In this study, new approaches were presented on how the understory plant functional group diversity and composition changed after land abandonment in Zagros oak forests (Quercus brantii Lindl.) in western Iran. In addition, the impact of land-use change on main soil properties were investigated. The diversity and nutrient status of the three stages of the secondary succession of abandoned agroforestry systems were compared: croplands after a short period of abandonment (~5 years), croplands after a long period of abandonment (~15 years) and oak forests representing the ‘climax’ stage. The plant species were classified in four functional groups (annual forb, annual grass, perennial forb, and perennial grass). The diversity indices were computed for each group and each stage. Results showed that the Shannon-Wiener diversity and Margalef richness of all functional groups significantly increased with time from the shortly abandoned croplands to the forest. Shortly after abandonment, annuals (especially annual forbs) were dominant whereas the abundance of the perennials increased after 15 years of abandonment and in the ‘climax’ forest. The soil content in lime decreased along the successional stages (from 52.7% to 26.4%) and was strongly negatively correlated with the diversity of the perennial forbs. In contrast, the soil total nitrogen and aggregate stability increased with succession (respectively from 0.04% to 0.19% and from 0.49 mm to 0.92 mm) and were strongly positively correlated with the diversity of this group. Recovery in soil fertility (and in particular, total nitrogen), provided suitable conditions for the establishment of a wide range of plant functional groups, which in turn increased the species diversity. The relatively fast recovery of soil fertility and plant diversity of abandoned agricultural lands indicated that the reestablishment of the forest vegetation could rely mostly on natural processes