Differences in Motivation Between Division I Collegiate Female Basketball Players and Swimmers

Previous research has shown that motivation to participate in athletics is influenced by a variety of factors. A great number of studies have identified several of these factors including age, gender and scholarship status (Amorose and Horn, 2000). However very little research has been conducted regarding how the type of sport may influence motivation. The purpose of this study was to determine if differences existed in the types of motivation exhibited by team sport athletes and individual sport athletes when assessed using the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS) (Pelletier et al, 1995). It was hypothesized that team sport athletes would display higher levels of Extrinsic Motivation than individual sport athletes. A demographic questionnaire and the Sport Motivation Scale was sent to all 11 women\u27s basketball teams in the Ohio Valley Conference and the nine women\u27s swim teams in the Midwest Conference. Ten of the 11 basketball teams (n=71) and three of the nine swim teams (n=36) returned the surveys. The SMS assessed the type of motivation experienced by each athlete based on the self-determination continuum (Deci and Ryan, 1985; 1992). A MANOVA was performed and examination of the results revealed a significant difference between the swimmers and the basketball players in the category Identified Regulation (p=.005) with the swimmers displaying greater levels. No significant difference was found between the two groups for any of the other six categories of motivation. Both the basketball players and the swimmers displayed higher levels of Intrinsic Motivation than Extrinsic Motivation. This did not support the hypothesis of the study. It was concluded that the only significant difference in motivation between swimmers and basketball players occurred on the extrinsic motivation – Introjected regulation category. All six other categories showed no significant difference

The Grizzly, October 1, 1997

Berman Museum Exhibit Features Work of Sidney Quinn • Pfahler Renovations Continue • New Economics Faculty Introduced • Two Faculty Additions in English • Works From the New English Faculty • Opinion: Sculpture Cheesed; Conspiracy Theories, the Media, and Open-Minded Inquiry; A Quick Lesson in EcBa 100; The Things You Might Not Know About Ursinus • Domenick Scudera Directs proTheater\u27s Fall Production of Brecht on Brecht • Biloxi Blues: At Ease and in Top Form • Despite Shaky Start, Guenther\u27s Bears Optimistic • Women\u27s Soccer on a Roll • Men\u27s Soccer off to a Slow Starthttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1405/thumbnail.jp

The Grizzly, October 29, 1997

Pennsylvania German Art Featured at Berman Art Museum • Pfahler Workers Dismissed • New Chaplain Introduced to Community • Commonwealth Brawl Raises Student Concern • Opinion: Award Winning My Ass; A Sweet Suite; Kudos to the College; Hail to the Queen; Leaving Home for Homecoming • Ghost Stories • Bears to Clash with Muhlenberg Mules • Men\u27s B-ball Gearing Up • Player Profiles: Lieberman, Steigerwalt Lead by Example; Mahoney a Constant Force for Young Women\u27s Teamhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1408/thumbnail.jp

Low-frequency deep brain stimulation reveals resonant beta-band evoked oscillations in the pallidum of Parkinson’s Disease patients

IntroductionEvidence suggests that spontaneous beta band (11–35 Hz) oscillations in the basal ganglia thalamocortical (BGTC) circuit are linked to Parkinson’s disease (PD) pathophysiology. Previous studies on neural responses in the motor cortex evoked by electrical stimulation in the subthalamic nucleus have suggested that circuit resonance may underlie the generation of spontaneous and stimulation-evoked beta oscillations in PD. Whether these stimulation-evoked, resonant oscillations are present across PD patients in the internal segment of the globus pallidus (GPi), a primary output nucleus in the BGTC circuit, is yet to be determined.MethodsWe characterized spontaneous and stimulation-evoked local field potentials (LFPs) in the GPi of four PD patients (five hemispheres) using deep brain stimulation (DBS) leads externalized after DBS implantation surgery.ResultsOur analyses show that low-frequency (2–4 Hz) stimulation in the GPi evoked long-latency (>50 ms) beta-band neural responses in the GPi in 4/5 hemispheres. We demonstrated that neural sources generating both stimulation-evoked and spontaneous beta oscillations were correlated in their frequency content and spatial localization.DiscussionOur results support the hypothesis that the same neuronal population and resonance phenomenon in the BGTC circuit generates both spontaneous and evoked pallidal beta oscillations. These data also support the development of closed-loop control systems that modulate the GPi spontaneous oscillations across PD patients using beta band stimulation-evoked responses

Real-Time Amplitude Spectral Area Analysis for the Optimization of Resuscitation in a Swine Model

The purpose of this study was to investigate a resuscitation algorithm that calculates the value of AMSA in real-time to direct the duration of post-shock chest compressions. We hypothesized that such an algorithm would shorten the time to achieve ROSC in swine. Swine were randomized into normal or infarcted myocardia and waveform guided or traditional resuscitation algorithm groups. VF was induced electrically and left untreated for 10minutes. Resuscitation was commenced with 1minute of compressions, resumption of mechanical ventilation, shock and epinephrine. In the traditional group, all shocks were followed by 2minutes of post-shock compressions. In the waveform guided group, AMSA was measured prior to shocks. If AMSA>20mV-Hz, post shock compression duration was shortened to 1minute.This study found that the waveform guided resuscitation algorithm to direct the duration of post-shock chest compressions had no significant effect on time to ROSC or AMSA values when compared to the traditional resuscitation algorithm

Differences in Motivation Between Division I Collegiate Female Basketball Players and Swimmers

Previous research has shown that motivation to participate in athletics is influenced by a variety of factors. A great number of studies have identified several of these factors including age, gender and scholarship status (Amorose and Horn, 2000). However very little research has been conducted regarding how the type of sport may influence motivation. The purpose of this study was to determine if differences existed in the types of motivation exhibited by team sport athletes and individual sport athletes when assessed using the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS) (Pelletier et al, 1995). It was hypothesized that team sport athletes would display higher levels of Extrinsic Motivation than individual sport athletes. A demographic questionnaire and the Sport Motivation Scale was sent to all 11 women\u27s basketball teams in the Ohio Valley Conference and the nine women\u27s swim teams in the Midwest Conference. Ten of the 11 basketball teams (n=71) and three of the nine swim teams (n=36) returned the surveys. The SMS assessed the type of motivation experienced by each athlete based on the self-determination continuum (Deci and Ryan, 1985; 1992). A MANOVA was performed and examination of the results revealed a significant difference between the swimmers and the basketball players in the category Identified Regulation (p=.005) with the swimmers displaying greater levels. No significant difference was found between the two groups for any of the other six categories of motivation. Both the basketball players and the swimmers displayed higher levels of Intrinsic Motivation than Extrinsic Motivation. This did not support the hypothesis of the study. It was concluded that the only significant difference in motivation between swimmers and basketball players occurred on the extrinsic motivation – Introjected regulation category. All six other categories showed no significant difference

The Influence of Air Bags and Restraining Devices on Extremity Injuries in Motor Vehicle Collisions.

The influence of air bags and other restraining devices on injury after motor vehicle collisions is not well defined. This study examined the relationship between the use of restraining devices and the incidence of extremity injuries in motor vehicle collisions. A retrospective analysis was performed on motor vehicle collision data submitted to the Pennsylvania Trauma Outcome Study database from 1990 through 1995. Criteria for submission included trauma patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit, who died during hospitalization, who were hospitalized for more than 72 hours, or who were transferred in or out of the receiving hospital. A total of 21,875 patients met these criteria. These patients were analyzed for the presence or absence of upper and lower extremity injuries and were compared based on their use of restraining devices. Restraining devices were categorized into four groups: air bag alone, air bag and seat belt, seat belt or carseat without air bag, and no restraining device. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-squared test of association. For contingency tables with small expected frequencies, Fisher\u27s exact test was used. Study participants included 11,688 men and 10,185 women with a mean age of 38 +/- 20 years. There were 16,033 drivers and 5,842 passengers. Air bags were deployed in 472 instances. In 297 of these cases, additional restraint was provided with a seat belt. In 6,632 cases, air bags were not deployed; however, patients were restrained with either a seat belt or a carseat. In 14,771 cases, patients were not restrained. When comparing restraining devices as a group vs. no restraint, there was a significant decrease in the incidence of upper (p = 0.018) and lower (p \u3c 0.001) extremity injuries. Air bags, however, were associated with an increased incidence of both upper (p = 0.033) and lower (p = 0.002) extremity injuries when compared with no restraint or when compared among patients who were restrained. As a group, restraining devices decrease the incidence of upper and lower extremity trauma sustained by patients injured in motor vehicle collisions. Air bags, however, are associated with an increased incidence of upper and lower extremity injuries when compared with seat belts alone or when no restraining devices are used

Interferon Lambda 4 Genotype Is Associated With Jaundice and Elevated Aminotransferase Levels During Acute Hepatitis C Virus Infection: Findings From the InC3 Collaborative

Symptomatic acute HCV infection and interferon lambda 4 (IFNL4) genotypes are important predictors of spontaneous viral clearance. Using data from a multicohort database (Injecting Cohorts [InC3] Collaborative), we establish an independent association between host IFNL4 genotype and symptoms of acute hepatitis C virus infection. This association potentially explains the higher spontaneous clearance observed in some patients with symptomatic diseas

Interferon Lambda 4 Genotype Is Associated With Jaundice and Elevated Aminotransferase Levels During Acute Hepatitis C Virus Infection: Findings From the InC3 Collaborative.

Symptomatic acute HCV infection and interferon lambda 4 (IFNL4) genotypes are important predictors of spontaneous viral clearance. Using data from a multicohort database (Injecting Cohorts [InC3] Collaborative), we establish an independent association between host IFNL4 genotype and symptoms of acute hepatitis C virus infection. This association potentially explains the higher spontaneous clearance observed in some patients with symptomatic disease

Interferon Lambda 4 Genotype Is Associated With Jaundice and Elevated Aminotransferase Levels During Acute Hepatitis C Virus Infection: Findings From the InC3 Collaborative

Symptomatic acute HCV infection and interferon lambda 4 (IFNL4) genotypes are important predictors of spontaneous viral clearance. Using data from a multicohort database (Injecting Cohorts [InC3] Collaborative), we establish an independent association between host IFNL4 genotype and symptoms of acute hepatitis C virus infection. This association potentially explains the higher spontaneous clearance observed in some patients with symptomatic disease