Approximate Solutions for the Flow and Heat Transfer due to a Stretching Sheet Embedded in a Porous Medium with Variable Thickness, Variable Thermal Conductivity and Thermal Radiation using Laguerre Collocation Method

In this article, a numerical approach is given for studying the flow of a Newtonian fluid over an impermeable stretching sheet embedded in a porous medium with a power law surface velocity and variable thickness in the presence of thermal radiation. The flow is caused by a non-linear stretching of a sheet. Thermal conductivity of the fluid is assumed to vary linearly with temperature. The governing PDEs are transformed into a system of coupled non-linear ODEs which are using appropriate boundary conditions for various physical parameters. The proposed method is based on replacement of the unknown function by truncated series of well known Laguerre expansion of functions. An approximate formula of the integer derivative is introduced. The introduced method converts the proposed equations by means of collocation points to a system of algebraic equations with Laguerre coefficients. Thus, by solving this system of equations, the Laguerre coefficients are obtained. The effects of the porous parameter, the wall thickness parameter, the radiation parameter, thermal conductivity parameter, and the Prandtl number on the flow and temperature profiles are presented. Moreover, the local skin-friction and Nusselt numbers are presented. Comparison of obtained numerical results is made with previously published results in some special cases. The results attained in this paper confirm the idea that the proposed method is powerful mathematical tool and it can be applied to a large class of nonlinear problems arising in different fields of science and engineering

Employment Security in Egypt in Light of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Rethinking Policies and Practices

Crises such as COVID-19’s have inequitable impacts on different countries, various population groups and diverse sectors of society and the economy. Areas of work and employment were met with a lot of challenges worldwide, and in particular in countries like Egypt with a large sector of vulnerable and precarious workers. This policy paper addresses the question of employment security both in response to crises such as COVID-19, and on the long term. To do so, the research maps ‘vulnerable work’, including informal labor, labor in the gig economy, self-employed and other types of precarious work. It then assesses Egypt’s policy responses to COVID-19 with regards to the issues of unemployment and informal labor, including by assessing the efficacy of the irregular workers’ fund and the diverse methods used to finance the crisis. Although some of those responses were in the right direction, their shortcomings revealed much deeper structural obstacles within employment relations and existing labor market vulnerabilities. This research thus provides policy recommendations, both on the short term in response to the crisis, as well as longer term to address vulnerability and precariousness in the world of employment in Egypt

Stratified students, stratified teachers : ideologically informed perceptions of educational reform in Egypt

The study draws on focus group interviews with 12 teachers working in academic and commercial secondary schools in Egypt. Attention is given to these teachers’ perspectives on the implications of a 1997 educational reform, which proposed to convert many vocational/commercial schools to academic schools and to reduce the need for extra-school, private tutoring. The interviews were conducted during the implementation of the first phase of the reform in 2001, a period of a public debate regarding the possible consequences of this reform for students as well as teachers. Of particular interest are teachers’ perceptions of the reform’s likely impact on: (a) the quality of secondary education and the postsecondary educational and occupational opportunities for students from different socioeconomic backgrounds and (b) the social status and income for teachers working in different types of secondary schools. It is furthermore noted that teachers’ views of the effects of the reform differ depending upon (1) whether they conceive of schooling as promoting social mobility or social reproduction and (2) whether their ideologically informed conceptions of professionalism emphasize remuneration or the service ideal.peer-reviewe

(R1989) Mixed Convection Slippery Cross Fluid Flow due to a Stratified Sheet under the Effect of Radiation Phenomenon

In view of the meaning of a two dimensional laminar Cross liquid in depicting an exhaustive assortment of experimental information, an assessment is done for a numerical and mathematical arrangement over a stratified extensible sheet. The non-dimensionality technique is brought into the controlling equations within the sight of the slip phenomenon and to make the solution more thorough. The data have been taken at a steady, viscous and laminar ow. Heat transfer across fluid is employed as a non-Newtonian fluid, where the fluid has a affected by radiation. Additionally, thermal radiation and heat generation are considered with the basic influence on the temperature field. The work has been performed to yield a completely new concept of the presence relationship between the governing parameters and the rate of heat transfer. Numerical analysis with the aid of the shooting method of the governing equations of motion is given over a wide range of controlling parameters. A bunch of graph plots both velocity and temperature fields at various upsides of physical parameters. Furthermore, a tabular form of the same parameters exists for the local shear stress and the rate of heat transfer along the sheet

Global discourses and educational reform in Egypt : the case of active-learning pedagogies

Educational reform is shaped by the ideas and actions of national actors but also by global (ideological, political, and economic) dynamics. This paper offers an analysis of the global discourses (words and practices) that helped to place notions of student-centred and active-learning pedagogies on the international education reform agenda, particularly since 1990. Additionally, the paper examines how these discourses interacted with educational reform initiatives in Egypt that were undertaken by Egyptian officials and educators, at times with project support from international intergovernmental and nongovernmental organisations. The paper concludes that comparative and international educators need to interrogate the variety of educational discourses operating at both the local/national and global levels, to examine the complex interactions that occur within and across these levels, and to analyse how such discourses are constrained or enabled by global political and economic developments, including the ideologies and practices of ‘democratisation’ and multinational corporate capitalism.peer-reviewe

Fundoplication in neurologically impaired children: Nissen or Thal?

Background/purpose Gastroesophageal reflex disease (GERD) is a highly prevalent problem in infants and children with severe neurological impairment (33–75%). It occurs in 44–67% of children undergoing antireflux surgery. This study is conducted to compare the results of fundoplication, according to the Nissen and Thal procedure for management of GERD in neurologically impaired children.Materials and methods Between May 2007 and January 2011, 69 neurologically impaired children with severe GERD underwent fundoplication (Nissen= 32, Thal= 37) with construction of a Stamm gastrostomy tube in 58 patients. The male-to-female ratio was 1.6 : 1; the mean age was 1.8 years. Preoperative workup of the patients included upper gastrointestinal tract contrast series, upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy, and a 24-h pH study.Results Perinatal asphyxia was the most common cause of neurological impairment (30.4%). Feeding dysfunction represented the most common indication for surgery (52.2%). Recurrence of symptoms was found in 14 patients (20.3%); 10 patients (14.5%) died because of respiratory failure. Acid pH-metry showed a statistically significant difference between preoperative and postoperative data; however, this difference was insignificant on comparing the postoperative parameters of the Nissen fundoplication group with the Thal fundoplication group.Conclusion GERD in neurologically impaired children is a very common problem associated with a high failure rate after properly performed fundoplication. In our series, the outcome of Thal fundoplication showed an insignificant difference when compared with that of Nissen fundoplication with less dissection and less dysphagia or gas bloat. Long-term evaluation is needed as incidence of recurrence increases with time secondary to the persistent comorbidities. Further refinement of management strategies is required to decrease incidence of recurrence and to improve the overall quality of life. Keywords: fundoplication, gastroesophageal reflux disease, neurological impairmen

Thyroglossal Duct Cyst Papillary Carcinoma

Thyroglossal duct cysts are usually located in the midline of the neck. The coexistence of carcinomas in thyroglossal duct cysts is extremely rare, with most being papillary carcinomas. Usually, the diagnosis is only made postoperatively after excision of the cyst. Although the Sistrunk procedure is often regarded as adequate, controversies exist concerning the need for thyroidectomy depending on histopathological findings. We report the case of a 31-year-old man diagnosed with papillary carcinoma within a thyroglossal duct cyst, who underwent total thyroidectomy as has been recommended for differentiated papillary cancer

Совершенствование методики финансового планирования на предприятии

Объектом исследования является система финансового планирования на предприятии "СОФИТ". Цель работы разработка усовершенствованной методики финансового планирования для предприятия. В процессе исследования проводился анализ системы финансового планирования коммерческого предприятия дополнительного профессионального образования "СОФИТ". Проведён анализ показателей финансовой деятельности и особенностей финансового учёта предприятия. В результате исследования предложена усовершенствованная методика финансового планирования для предприятия ООО "СОФИТ". Рекомендации и выводы, приведённые в исследовании приняты на рассмотрение руководством компании. Область применения методологии затрагивает коммерческие и бюджетные организации, специализирующиеся на реализации услуг по обучению.The object of the study is the financial planning system at SOFIT. The aim of the work is to develop an improved methodology of financial planning for the enterprise. In the course of the study the analysis of the financial planning system of the commercial enterprise of additional vocational training "SOFIT" was carried out. The analysis of financial performance indicators and features of financial accounting in the enterprise was carried out. As a result of the study the improved methodology of financial planning for the enterprise "SOFIT" LLC was proposed. Recommendations and conclusions of the study are accepted by the management of the company. The scope of the methodology involves commercial and budgetary organizations specializing in the implementation of training services

Using visual data mining in highway traffic safety analysis and decision making

An ongoing, two-fold challenge involves extracting useful information from the massive amounts of highway crash data and explaining complicated statistical models to inform the public about highway safety. Highway safety is critical to the trucking industry and highway funding policy. One method to analyze complex data is through the application of visual data mining tools. In this paper, we address the following three questions: a) what existing data visualization tools can assist with highway safety theory development and in policy-making?; b) can visual data mining uncover unknown relationships to inform the development of theory or practice? and c) can a data visualization toolkit be developed to assist the stakeholders in understanding the impact of publicpolicy on transportation safety? To address these questions, we developed a visual data mining toolkit that allows for understanding safety datasets and evaluating the effectiveness of safety policies