Tarımsal atık takviyeli kompozitler: Sürdürülebilir bir çevre için bir çözüm

Agro- wastes or agricultural wastes are the residuals obtained when raw agriculture products are grown and processed. The agriculture products include vegetable, fruits, , meat, crops, poultry and dairy products. Its difficult to estimate the agriculture waste arising every year but undoubtedly agro waste constitutes a significant volume of the total waste matter generated in the entire world. This article reviews the huge amount of agro waste and how it can be managed effectively by making rational use in synthesizing novel composite materials and other application. It not only solves the major problem of disposal of this huge amount of agro-waste but also offers a solution for sustainable environment. Any development in agricultural is always accompanied by wastes generated by different farming methods and processing techniques. Agro waste is also generated because of extensive use of chemicals in cultivation and irrational disposal of agro waste by burning or land filling. It badly affects the environment and the fertility of the soil. This paper also describes the application of an agro –waste Rice husk as reinforcement material in making metal matrix composite with Aluminium as matrix which is stronger, lighter and low cost and can be used for various industrial applications. The composites are synthesized by stir cast techniques and characterized by XRD, SEM and optical microscopy for their structural properties. The Rice Husk Ash was taken as 3% wt of the Aluminium metal as reinforcement material. The mechanical properties like Hardness, Young’s modulus etc are also evaluated using Vicker’s Hardness tester.Tarımsal atıklar veya tarımsal atıklar, çiğ tarım ürünleri yetiştirildiğinde ve işlendiğinde elde edilen artıklardır. Tarım ürünleri sebze, meyve, et, mahsul, kümes hayvanları ve süt ürünlerini içermektedir. Her yıl ortaya çıkan tarımsal atıkları tahmin etmek zor ancak kuşkusuz tarımsal atık, tüm dünyada üretilen toplam atık maddesinin önemli bir bölümünü oluşturmaktadır. Bu makale, büyük miktarda tarımsal atık miktarını ve yeni kompozit malzemelerin ve diğer uygulamaların sentezlenmesinde rasyonel bir şekilde faydalanarak etkin bir şekilde nasıl yönetilebileceğini incelemektedir. Sadece bu büyük miktardaki tarımsal atığın elden çıkarılması sorununu çözmez, aynı zamanda sürdürülebilir çevre için bir çözüm sunar. Tarımdaki herhangi bir gelişmeye, daima farklı tarım yöntemleri ve işleme teknikleri tarafından üretilen atıklar eşlik eder. Tarımsal atıklar ekimde kimyasalların yaygın olarak kullanılması ve tarımsal atıkların yakılması veya toprağın doldurulmasıyla irrasyonel bertarafı nedeniyle de kullanılır. Çevreyi ve toprağın verimliliğini kötü etkiler. Bu yazıda ayrıca, daha güçlü, daha hafif ve düşük maliyetli olan ve çeşitli endüstriyel uygulamalar için kullanılabilen, matriks olarak Alüminyum ile metal matriksinin kompozit haline getirilmesinde takviye malzemesi olarak bir tarımsal atık Pirinç kabuğunun uygulanması anlatılmaktadır. Kompozitler karıştırma teknikleriyle sentezlenir ve yapısal özellikleri için XRD, SEM ve optik mikroskopi ile karakterize edilir. Pirinç Kabuğu Külü, takviye malzemesi olarak ağırlıkça% 3'lük Alüminyum metalinden alınmıştır. Sertlik, Young modülü gibi mekanik özellikler de Vicker’ın Sertlik test cihazı kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir

A Bibliometric Survey on Polymer Composites in Energy Storage Applications

Ceramic polymer composites have gained a significant place in energy storage applications for electrical capacitors due to their distinguished properties. There is a huge demand of capacitors with high energy density, high dielectric strength, negligibly low dielectric loss, light weight, chemically less reactive in energy storage applications. These requirements can be fulfilled by ceramic polymer composites only which exhibit all the above-mentioned characteristics. Considering the huge demand of such capacitors, it has attracted the attention of researchers around the world. The present work attempts to summarise all the research conducted on Polymer Composites for energy storage applications and provides an up-to-date research document for the ready reference of the researchers/scientists engaged in the area of Polymer composites. The bibliometric analysis includes Scopus database and software, such as Gephi, Vos Viewer, and Table2Net. The study can be considered as a handbook reflecting the gradual exploration in the field of polymer composites and their applications in energy storage

Research Trend of Metal Matrix Composites reinforced with silica extracted by green route: A Bibliometric Analysis

Metal Matrix Composites have acquired an important place in the engineering applications due to their distinctive characteristics such as high specific strength, lower specific gravity, improved material stiffness, better durability, enhanced creep and fatigue strength etc. Worldwide scientists are working on the improvement of mechanical properties of composite materials. The present work attempts to summarise all the research carried out on metal matrix composites reinforced with silica extracted by green route and provides up-to-date research material for researchers who are interested in the field of composites with metal matrices. Scopus databases and software such as Gephi Vos Viewer and Table2Net are included in the bibliometric analysis. The study can be seen as a manual reflecting the gradual exploration of the Metal Matrix Composite reinforced with silica extracted by the green rout

Particle Deposition of Diamond-Like-Carbon on Silicon Wafers using Inductively Coupled PECVD

Coating a surface with an appropriate particle layer changes the surface material properties and is an important tool for friction and wear reduction. Diamond-Like carbon (DLC) coatings are highly in use for various applications owing to their characteristic properties such as low friction and low wear resistance, and high hardness value. In the present work, DLC particle films on p-type Si substrates by inductively coupled plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition(IC-PECVD) were deposited. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that DLC films were composed of sp3 and sp2 C-H bonds. Raman Spectroscopy was used for investigations into sp3/sp2 ratio of the deposited carbon particles bonding. hardness and Young’s modulus were evaluated by indentation method using nano-hardness tester. The results showed that the deposited IC-PECVD DLC particle film had excellent chemical and mechanical properties. The developed films showed high value of hardness of 18 GPa, Young’s modulus 190 GPa and a minimum ID/IG ratio of 0.18

Aluminium doped ZnO nanostructures for efficient photodegradation of indigo carmine and azo carmine G in solar irradiation

Aluminium doped zinc oxide (AZO) nanomaterials (AlxZn1-xO) with x fraction varying as 0.02 and 0.04 were synthesized using the auto-combustion method using glycine as a fuel. The synthesized catalysts were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–Visible Spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Raman spectroscopy, Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM). XRD results showed that synthesized materials possessed good crystallinity, while UV–VIS was employed to find the band gaps of synthesized materials. Raman was used to determine the vibrational modes in the synthesized nanoparticles, while TEM analysis was performed to study the morphology of the samples. Industrial effluents such as indigo carmine and azo carmine G were used to test the photodegradation ability of synthesised catalysts. Parameters such as the effect of catalyst loading, dye concentration and pH were studied. The reduction in crystallite size, band gap and increased lattice strain for the 4% AZO was the primary reason for the degradation in visible irradiation, degrading 97 and 99% equimolar concentrations of indigo carmine and azo carmine G in 140 min. The Al doped ZnO was found to be effective in faster degradation of dyes as compared to pure ZnO in presence of natural sunlight.This work was supported by an NPRP grant from the Qatar National Research Fund under NPRP12S-0131–190030

Revealing an OSELM based on traversal tree for higher energy adaptive control using an efficient solar box cooker

The solar cooker represents a challenging scientific design. Its non-regular rechargeable system and the restriction imposed by the required availability quantity are the main issues. The use of a bar plate coated with nanolayer materials helps to stimulate and control the multifaceted performances for the cooker vessels. Further, it was noted that the traditional human methods are not capable to stimulate an efficient design for thermal applications, because the environment cannot adapt to the variable source. To overcome these challenges, we have used the approaches of adaptive neural network-based controls which further consider other parameters as the smaller family, measured conjunction, enormous period of feeding and below performances. Therefore, a novel solar cooker based on adaptive control through an online Sequential Extreme Learning Machine (OSELM) is presented and discussed. The use of OSELM enables also to detect an off-line physical activity process. The proposed solar cooker includes a bar plate coated with nanolayer materials (SiO2/TiO2 nanoparticles) which is responsible for physical accelerated activity of energy absorption. The feasibility scheme to validate this study is based on the calculation of extensive heat transfer process. By using the furious SiO2/TiO2 nanoparticles for the Stepped solar bar plate cooker (SSBC) the efficiency was increased by 37.69% and 49.21% using 10% and 15% volume fractions of nanoparticles

A Bibliometric Survey on Polymer Composites in Energy Storage Applications

Ceramic polymer composites have gained a significant place in energy storage applications for electrical capacitors due to their distinguished properties. There is a huge demand of capacitors with high energy density, high dielectric strength, negligibly low dielectric loss, light weight, chemically less reactive in energy storage applications. These requirements can be fulfilled by ceramic polymer composites only which exhibit all the above-mentioned characteristics. Considering the huge demand of such capacitors, it has attracted the attention of researchers around the world. The present work attempts to summarise all the research conducted on Polymer Composites for energy storage applications and provides an up-to-date research document for the ready reference of the researchers/scientists engaged in the area of Polymer composites. The bibliometric analysis includes Scopus database and software, such as Gephi, Vos Viewer, and Table2Net. The study can be considered as a handbook reflecting the gradual exploration in the field of polymer composites and their applications in energy storage

Causes Responsible for Declining Interest of Students in Learning Physics at Higher Level: An Indian Perspective

Abstract In the recent years there has been a sharp decline in the number of students opting for higher education in Physics. Physics is a fundamental subject required for any new technological application. It generates fundamental knowledge needed for the future technological advances that will continue to drive the economic engines of the world. Due to various reasons, this prime subject is losing its popularity. Poor middle school preparation leads to poor performance at higher secondary or pre-university level. In present study, various reasons responsible for this state of physics education in the country are discussed and also some suggestions are given to improve the teaching and learning process of Physics education

Titanium oxide nanoparticles as additives in engine oil

This research study investigates the tribological behaviour of titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles as additives in mineral based multi-grade engine oil. All tests were performed under variable load and varying concentrations of nanoparticles in lubricating oil. The friction and wear experiments were performed using pin-on-disc tribotester. This study shows that mixing of TiO2 nanoparticles in engine oil significantly reduces the friction and wear rate and hence improves the lubricating properties of engine oil. The dispersion analysis of TiO2 nanoparticles in lubricating oil using UV spectrometer confirms that TiO2 nanoparticles possess good stability and solubility in the lubricant and improve the lubricating properties of the engine oil. Keywords: Titanium oxide, Nanoparticles, UV spectrometer, Tribotester, Engine oi