97 research outputs found

    ΠŸΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ C-ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΉ Ρ€Π΅Π½Π°Π»Π°Π·Ρ‹-1 ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π½Π°Π»Π°Π·Ρ‹-2 Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… Π°Π»ΡŒΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ экзонами

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    A method for generation of C-terminal amino acid sequences fused to dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and specific for RNLS1 and RNLS2 isoforms of renalase is described. It includes synthesis of nucleotide sequences of alternative exons of RNLS1-9ex and RNLS2-10ex, determining the differences in the primary structure of these proteins, their fusion with the coding sequence of DHFR and expression of these genetic constructs in cells of the E. coli Rosetta cells. Chromatographic purification on a column containing Ni Sepharose resulted in highly purified preparations of reombinant ReI-9ex and ReII-10ex proteins with an electrophoretic purity of about 95%.Описан ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ получСния Π‘-ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… аминокислотных ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΉ, слитых с Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΎΠ»Π°Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚Π°Π·ΠΎΠΉ (DHFR) ΠΈ спСцифичных для ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌ Ρ€Π΅Π½Π°Π»Π°Π·Ρ‹ RNLS1 ΠΈ RNLS2. Он Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ синтСз Π½ΡƒΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΉ Π°Π»ΡŒΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… экзонов RNLS1-9ex ΠΈ RNLS2-10ex, ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… различия ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ структуры этих Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΈΡ… слияниС (Ρ‚.Π½. Ρ„ΡŒΡŽΠΆΠ½) с ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ DHFR ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡ€Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡŽ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… гСнСтичСских конструкций Π² ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Ρ… ΡˆΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ°-ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΡ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π° E. Coli Rosetta. Π’ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ хроматографичСской очистки Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠ΅, содСрТащСй Ni-сСфарозу, Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹ высокоочищСнныС ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ Ρ€Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Π½Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² ReI-9ex ΠΈ ReII-10ex с элСктрофорСтичСской чистотой ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 95%

    Π£ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ экзонового ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π° для ускорСнного получСния ΠΊΠ”ΠΠš Π³Π΅Π½Π° Ρ€Π΅Π½Π°Π»Π°Π·Ρ‹ крысы

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    We have improved our previously developed method of exon cloning of cDNA of eukaryotic genes to obtain the rat renalase gene cDNA. In contrast to the previously used step-by-step pairwise assembly of exons, in this work the procedure of full-length cDNA preparation was shortened due to simultaneous assembly of four neighboring exons at once (exons 1-4 and exons 6-9 of the rat renalase gene). The two obtained sequences (exons 1-4 and 6-9) were combined into a full-length cDNA of the rat renalase gene. The cDNA synthesized in this way was cloned into the prokaryotic vector pET-28a(+), which was then expressed in E. coli cells. The correctness of this approach was confirmed by sequencing resultant cDNA sequencing, which showed full (100%) identity with the nucleotide sequence available in the GenBank database (accession code: GenBankNM_001014167).Π£ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅Π΅ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ экзонового клонирования ΠΊΠ”ΠΠš эукариотичСских Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² для получСния ΠΊΠ”ΠΠš Π³Π΅Π½Π° Ρ€Π΅Π½Π°Π»Π°Π·Ρ‹ крысы. Π’ ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ‚ Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅Π΅ использованного постадийного ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ объСдинСния экзонов, Π² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ€Π° получСния ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ”ΠΠš Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° сокращСна Π·Π° счСт Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΌΡ‹ использовали объСдинСниС сразу Ρ‡Π΅Ρ‚Ρ‹Ρ€Π΅Ρ… сосСдних экзонов (1-4 ΠΈ 6-9 Π³Π΅Π½Π° крысы). Π”Π²Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ (экзонов 1-4 ΠΈ 6-9) объСдиняли Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΊΠ”ΠΠš Π³Π΅Π½Π° Ρ€Π΅Π½Π°Π»Π°Π·Ρ‹ крысы. Π‘ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠ”ΠΠš ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π² прокариотичСский Π²Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ pET-28a(+) с ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ экспрСссиСй Π² ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Ρ… E. coli. ΠšΠΎΡ€Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π° ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π΅ΠΌ сСквСнирования ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ”ΠΠš, которая ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ΅ (100%) совпадСниС с Π½ΡƒΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ Π±Π°Π·Ρ‹ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… (ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ доступа GenBankNM_001014167)

    ΠžΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ экспрСссии ΠΈ выдСлСния ΡƒΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ€Π΅Π½Π°Π»Π°Π·Ρ‹ Π² прокариотичСских ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Ρ…

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    Renalase (RNLS) is a flavoproteinin which its N-terminal peptide (residues 1-17) has several important functions. In cells, it participates in the formation of the so-called Rossmanfold (residues 2-35), needed for Β«accommodationΒ» of the FAD cofactor and for performing the catalytic functions of RNLS as a FAD-dependent oxidoreductase (EC 1.6.3.5). RNLS secretion into the extracellular space is accompanied by cleavage of this peptide. The resultant truncated extracellular RNLS cannot bind FAD and therefore performs various noncatalytic functions. In this work, we have performed expression the genetic construct encoding RNLS lacking its N-terminal signal peptide (tRNLS) in E. coli Rosetta (DE3) cells. The recombinant protein was accumulated in inclusion bodies in an insoluble form, which could be solubilized in the presence of a high concentration of urea or guanidine chloride. In contrast to full-length RNLS, which was effectively solubilized in the presence of 8 M urea, tRNLS was preferentially solubilized in the presence of 6 M guanidine chloride.Π Π΅Π½Π°Π»Π°Π·Π° (RNLS) – Ρ„Π»Π°Π²ΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΈΠ½, N-ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠ΄ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ (1-17 аминокислотных остатка (Π°.ΠΎ.)) выполняСт нСсколько Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ. Π’ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Ρ… ΠΎΠ½ участвуСт Π² Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ Π³Π°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡƒΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΈ Россмана (2-35 Π°.ΠΎ.), Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ для «размСщСния» ΠΊΠΎΡ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° FAD ΠΈ выполнСния каталитичСских Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ RNLS Π² качСствС FAD-зависимой оксидорСдуктазы (КЀ 1.6.3.5). ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ сСкрСции RNLS Π²ΠΎ Π²Π½Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ΅ пространство этот ΠΏΠ΅ΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠ΄ отщСпляСтся, Π° ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π°ΡΡΡ укорочСнная внСклСточная RNLS Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ‹Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ FAD ΠΈ поэтому выполняСт Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ нСкаталитичСскиС Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ. Π’ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ ΠΌΡ‹ осущСствили ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡ€Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡŽ гСнСтичСской конструкции, ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ N-ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ сигнального ΠΏΠ΅ΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠ΄Π° RNLS (tRNLS), Π² ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Ρ… E. coli Rosetta (DE3). Как ΠΈ Π² случаС ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ RNLS, рСкомбинантная tRNLS накапливаСтся Π² Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡ†Π°Ρ… Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² нСрастворимой Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ΅, которая ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° Π² Ρ€Π°ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΌΡƒΡŽ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡƒ Π² присутствии высокой ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π³ΡƒΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Ρ…Π»ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΄Π°. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ этом, Π² ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ RNLS, которая ΡΠΎΠ»ΡŽΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π°ΡΡŒ Π² присутствии 8 М ΠΌΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹, Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ эффСктивная ΡΠΎΠ»ΡŽΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ tRNLS Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° достигнута Π² присутствии 6 М Π³ΡƒΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Ρ…Π»ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΄Π°

    Phosphorus-based compounds for EUV multilayer optics materials

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    We have evaluated the prospects of phosphorus-based compounds in extreme ultraviolet multilayer optics. Boron phosphide (BP) is suggested to be used as a spacer material in reflective multilayer optics operating just above the L-photoabsorption edge of P (Ξ» β‰ˆ9.2 nm). Mo, Ag, Ru, Rh, and Pd were considered for applications as reflector materials. Our calculations for multilayer structures with perfect interfaces show that the Pd/BP material combination suggests the highest reflectivity values, exceeding 70% within the 9.2 – 10.0 nm spectral range. We also discuss the potential of fabrication of BP-based multilayer structures for optical applications in the extreme ultraviolet rang

    Multiple Palaeoproterozoic carbon burial episodes and excursions

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    Organic-rich rocks (averaging 2–5% total organic carbon) and positive carbonate-carbon isotope excursions (View the MathML source and locally much higher, i.e. the Lomagundi-Jatuli Event) are hallmark features of Palaeoproterozoic successions and are assumed to archive a global event of unique environmental conditions following the c. 2.3 Ga Great Oxidation Event. Here we combine new and published geochronology that shows that the main Palaeoproterozoic carbon burial episodes (CBEs) preserved in Russia, Gabon and Australia were temporally discrete depositional events between c. 2.10 and 1.85 Ga. In northwest Russia we can also show that timing of the termination of the Lomagundi-Jatuli Event may have differed by up to 50 Ma between localities, and that Ni mineralisation occurred at c. 1920 Ma. Further, CBEs have traits in common with Mesozoic Oceanic Anoxic Events (OAEs); both are exceptionally organic-rich relative to encasing strata, associated with contemporaneous igneous activity and marked by organic carbon isotope profiles that exhibit a stepped decrease followed by a stabilisation period and recovery. Although CBE strata are thicker and of greater duration than OAEs (100 s of metres versus metres, ∼106 years versus ∼105 years), their shared characteristics hint at a commonality of cause(s) and feedbacks. This suggests that CBEs represent processes that can be either basin-specific or global in nature and a combination of circumstances that are not unique to the Palaeoproterozoic. Our findings urge circumspection and re-consideration of models that assume CBEs are a Deep Time singularity

    Π‘Ρ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½-ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π° ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ΅ΠΉ

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    Isatin (indol-2,3-dione) is an endogenous indole, exhibiting various biological activities that are realized via its interacts with numerous target proteins (so-called isatin-binding proteins). To date, isatin-binding proteins have been characterized in the brain of mice and rats. In this study we have performed a comparative proteomic analysis of the isatin-binding proteins of the mouse liver and brain. Proteomic profiling of clarified lysates of membrane and soluble fractions of liver and brain homogenates was performed using 5-aminocaproyl-isatin as an affinity ligand. During affinity based separation of isatin-binding proteins of soluble and membrane fractions of mouse brain homogenates lysed with Triton X-100, 63 individual proteins were identified. A similar separation of mouse liver homogenate fractions during affinity chromatography resulted in identification of 80 proteins. All identified liver and brain proteins belonged to the following functional groups: (I) Carbohydrate metabolism and energy generation; (II) Lipid metabolism; (III) Metabolism of nucleotides and amino acids; (IV) Formation of the cytoskeleton, exocytosis; (V) Regulation of gene expression, cell division and differentiation; (VI) Antioxidant and protective proteins; (VII) Signal transmission and regulation of enzyme activity. The total number of isatin-binding proteins common for the brain and liver was only 12. The most common for the brain and liver of isatin-binding proteins was found in group VI (antioxidant and protective proteins), complete absence of coincidence in group II (lipid metabolism) and group IV (formation of the cytoskeleton, exocytosis). The observed differences in the profile of isatin-binding proteins appear to play an important role in the specific effects of isatin in certain organs.Π˜Π·Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½ (ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ»-2,3-Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ½) – эндогСнный ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ», ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΉ Ρ€Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ‹ биологичСской активности, которая рСализуСтся ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ взаимодСйствии с многочислСнными Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ-мишСнями (Ρ‚.Π½. ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½-ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ). На сСгодняшний дСнь ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½-ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π΅ ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ крыс. ЦСлью настоящСго исслСдования Π±Ρ‹Π» ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½-ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π° ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ освСтлСнных Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±Ρ€Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ растворимой Ρ„Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ Π³ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π° Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΎ с использованиСм 5-Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½Π° Π² качСствС Π°Ρ„Ρ„ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΠΈΠ³Π°Π½Π΄Π°. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ Π°Ρ„Ρ„ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Ρ€Π°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½-ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² растворимых ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ„Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ Π³ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π° ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠΈ, Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π₯-100, Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ 63 ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ°. АналогичноС Ρ€Π°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ„Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ Π³ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π°Ρ‚Π° ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠΈ Π² Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Π°Ρ„Ρ„ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ…Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ„ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ 80 Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ². ВсС ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΊ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ°ΠΌ: (I) ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ гСнСрация энСргии; (II) ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²; (III) ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ Π½ΡƒΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ аминокислот; (IV) Π€ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ цитоскСлСта, экзоцитоз; (V) РСгуляция экспрСссии Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ дСлСния ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡ„Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ; (VI) АнтиоксидантныС ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ; (VII) ΠŸΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π°Ρ‡Π° сигнала ΠΈ рСгуляция активности Ρ„Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ². ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ этом ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π΅ число ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½-ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ², ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… для ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈ, Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎ - всСго 12. НаибольшСС число ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰ΠΈΡ… для ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½-ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π² Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ΅ VI (aнтиоксидантныС ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ), ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ΅ отсутствиС совпадСний – Π² Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ΅ II (ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²) ΠΈ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ΅ IV (Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ цитоскСлСта, экзоцитоз). ΠžΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ различия Π² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»Π΅ ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½-ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎ-Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΌΡƒ, ΠΈΠ³Ρ€Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡƒΡŽ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ Π² спСцифичСских эффСктах ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½Π° Π² ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½Π°Ρ…

    The grandest of them all : the Lomagundi-Jatuli Event and Earth's oxygenation

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    Funding: K.K., A.L. and T.K. received funding from Estonian Science Agency Project PRG447 and Yu.D., A.R., D.R. and P.M. were supported by the state assignment of the Institute of Geology, Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences.The Paleoproterozoic Lomagundi–Jatuli Event (LJE) is generally considered the largest, in both amplitude and duration, positive carbonate C-isotope (Ξ΄13Ccarb) excursion in Earth history. Conventional thinking is that it represents a global perturbation of the carbon cycle between 2.3–2.1β€…Ga linked directly with, and in part causing, the postulated rise in atmospheric oxygen during the Great Oxidation Event. In addition to new high-resolution Ξ΄13Ccarb measurements from LJE-bearing successions of NW Russia, we compiled 14 943 Ξ΄13Ccarb values obtained from marine carbonate rocks 3.0–1.0β€…Ga in age and from selected Phanerozoic time intervals as a comparator of the LJE. Those data integrated with sedimentology show that, contra to consensus, the Ξ΄13Ccarb trend of the LJE is facies (i.e. palaeoenvironment) dependent. Throughout the LJE interval, the C-isotope composition of open and deeper marine settings maintained a mean Ξ΄13Ccarb value of +1.5 ± 2.4‰, comparable to those settings for most of Earth history. In contrast, the 13C-rich values that are the hallmark of the LJE are limited largely to nearshore-marine and coastal-evaporitic settings with mean Ξ΄13Ccarb values of +6.2 ± 2.0‰ and +8.1 ± 3.8‰, respectively. Our findings confirm that changes in Ξ΄13Ccarb are linked directly to facies changes and archive contemporaneous dissolved inorganic carbon pools having variable C-isotopic compositions in laterally adjacent depositional settings. The implications are that the LJE cannot be construed a priori as representative of the global carbon cycle or a planetary-scale disturbance to that cycle, nor as direct evidence for oxygenation of the ocean–atmosphere system. This requires rethinking models relying on those concepts and framing new ideas in the search for understanding the genesis of the grandest of all positive C-isotope excursions, its timing and its hypothesized linkage to oxygenation of the atmosphere.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

    LED Monitoring System for the BTeV Lead Tungstate Crystal Calorimeter Prototype

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    We report on the performance of a monitoring system for a prototype calorimeter for the BTeV experiment that uses Lead Tungstate crystals coupled with photomultiplier tubes. The tests were carried out at the 70 GeV accelerator complex at Protvino, Russia.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures, LaTeX2e, revised versio

    Application of gamma activation analysis for research of Cs and I diffusion into a glassceramic matrix

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    Nuclear reactions ΒΉΒ³Β³Cs(Ξ³,n)ΒΉΒ³Β²Cs, ¹²⁷I(Ξ³,n)¹²⁢I were utilized for research of Cs and I diffusion in glassceramic matrices. The glassceramic matrix was manufactured with the help of hot isostatic pressing at 910Β°C and pressure 100 MPa. Diffusivities of cesium and iodine in a grain and through interphase boundary at 600Β°C were equal 10⁻¹¹ and 7.9β‹…10⁻⁹ smΒ²/s, accordingly. The decrease of iodine diffusivity in a grain was observed at 750Β°C. A method of manufacture of glassceramic matrix for long-lived storage and nuclear-waste disposal ¹²⁹I is proposed.Π―Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ ΒΉΒ³Β³Cs(Ξ³,n)ΒΉΒ³Β²Cs, ¹²⁷I(Ξ³,n)¹²⁢I использовались для исслСдования Π΄ΠΈΡ„Ρ„ΡƒΠ·ΠΈΠΈ Cs ΠΈ I Π² стСклокСрамичСской ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ†Π΅. БтСклокСрамичСская ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ†Π° ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ газостатичСского прСссования ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ 910Β°Π‘ ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ 100 МПа. ΠšΠΎΡΡ„Ρ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π΄ΠΈΡ„Ρ„ΡƒΠ·ΠΈΠΈ цСзия ΠΈ ΠΉΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² Π·Π΅Ρ€Π½Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ†Π°ΠΌ Π·Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ 600Β°Π‘ составили 10⁻¹¹ ΠΈ 7,9β‹…10⁻⁹ см²/с, соотвСтствСнно. ΠžΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡŒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ коэффициСнта Π΄ΠΈΡ„Ρ„ΡƒΠ·ΠΈΠΈ ΠΉΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² Π·Π΅Ρ€Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ 750Β°Π‘. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ способ создания ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ†Ρ‹ для захоронСния ¹²⁹I.Π―Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π½Ρ– Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†Ρ–Ρ— ΒΉΒ³Β³Cs(Ξ³,n)ΒΉΒ³Β²Cs, ¹²⁷I(Ξ³,n)¹²⁢I використовувалися для дослідТСння Π΄ΠΈΡ„ΡƒΠ·Ρ–Ρ— Cs Ρ‚Π° I Ρƒ склокСрамічній ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ†Ρ–. Π‘ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ΅Ρ€Π°ΠΌΡ–Ρ‡Π½Π° матриця Π²ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π·Π° допомогою газостатичного прСсування ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ 910Β°Π‘ Ρ– тиску 100 МПа. ΠšΠΎΠ΅Ρ„Ρ–Ρ†Ρ–Ρ”Π½Ρ‚ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡ„ΡƒΠ·Ρ–Ρ— Ρ†Π΅Π·Ρ–ΡŽ Ρ– ΠΉΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ Π² Π·Π΅Ρ€Π½Ρ– Ρ– ΠΏΠΎ границях Π·Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ 600Β° Π‘ склали 10⁻¹¹ Ρ‚Π° 7,9β‹…10⁻⁹ см²/с, Π²Ρ–Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΎ. ВиявлСно змСншСння ΠΊΠΎΠ΅Ρ„Ρ–Ρ†Ρ–Ρ”Π½Ρ‚Π° Π΄ΠΈΡ„ΡƒΠ·Ρ–Ρ— ΠΉΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ Π² Π·Π΅Ρ€Π½Ρ– ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ 750Β°Π‘. Π—Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ спосіб створСння ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ†Ρ– для поховання ¹²⁹I

    Magnetic Fields, Relativistic Particles, and Shock Waves in Cluster Outskirts

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    It is only now, with low-frequency radio telescopes, long exposures with high-resolution X-ray satellites and gamma-ray telescopes, that we are beginning to learn about the physics in the periphery of galaxy clusters. In the coming years, Sunyaev-Zeldovich telescopes are going to deliver further great insights into the plasma physics of these special regions in the Universe. The last years have already shown tremendous progress with detections of shocks, estimates of magnetic field strengths and constraints on the particle acceleration efficiency. X-ray observations have revealed shock fronts in cluster outskirts which have allowed inferences about the microphysical structure of shocks fronts in such extreme environments. The best indications for magnetic fields and relativistic particles in cluster outskirts come from observations of so-called radio relics, which are megaparsec-sized regions of radio emission from the edges of galaxy clusters. As these are difficult to detect due to their low surface brightness, only few of these objects are known. But they have provided unprecedented evidence for the acceleration of relativistic particles at shock fronts and the existence of muG strength fields as far out as the virial radius of clusters. In this review we summarise the observational and theoretical state of our knowledge of magnetic fields, relativistic particles and shocks in cluster outskirts.Comment: 34 pages, to be published in Space Science Review
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