A neutrino interaction with two vertices topology detected by OPERA

The OPERA experiment has reported the detection of five $\nu_{\tau}$ candidates in the CNGS $\nu_{\mu}$ beam, allowing to reject the background-only hypothesis at the 5.1$\sigma$ level. Besides these events, on May 23$^{rd}$ 2011, OPERA detected a "neutral current like" interaction with two secondary vertices. Such topologies mainly arise from Charged Current interactions of a $\nu_{\tau}$ with associated charm quark production or from Neutral Current interactions of a $\nu_{\mu}$ with production of a charm anti-charm pair. These topologies have generally low probabilities. A dedicated multivariate analysis is in progress to allow discriminating between these two hypotheses. Here the event topology is described in detail and preliminary results of the classifiers for all possible contributions are given.Comment: Talk presented at NuPhys2015 (London, 16-18 December 2015). 4 pages, LaTeX, 2 eps figure

The NESSiE concept for sterile neutrinos

The NESSiE (Neutrino Experiment with SpectrometerS in Europe) experimental proposal is a project to combine two liquid argon (LAr) image detectors (Time Projection Chambers, TPC) and two magnetic spectrometers; for the observation of electron and muon neutrino events at different distances. At the near (400 m) and far (1600 m) positions from the neutrino beam origin. The experiment aims to definitively clarify the present neutrino oscillation scenarios and to explore (or to refute) the possibility of the existence of sterile neutrinos. The main characteristics of the spectrometers are described here. Spectrometers will employ a bipolar magnetic field with iron slabs, and a new concept air-core magnet, to perform charge identification and muon momentum measurements in the energy range from ∼ 100MeV to few GeV over a large transverse area (> 50m2). The performances of the spectrometers as stand-alone detectors are summarized in terms the νμ disappearance sensitivity plot for an exposure of two years with ¯νμ plus one year with νμ

Natural Gas and Inequality in Bolivia after Nationalization

The high oil prices and the sharp increases in royalties mean that the natural gas boom in Bolivia has become very important for the economy. This paper uses a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model to assess the impacts of this boom on key macroeconomic variables as well as the distribution of incomes in the society. From a macroeconomic perspective, the natural gas boom is a blessing, adding around 1 percentage point to GDP growth rates for at least a decade, and sharply increasing government revenues available for public spending and investment. However, the poorest segments of the population (rural small-holders and urban informals) suffer actual reductions in their real incomes, compared to the counterfactual scenario without the gas boom. This means that the natural gas boom not only causes an increase in inequality but also an increase in poverty. The paper finishes with some policy recommendations on how to counteract the negative side effects of the natural gas boom.Natural Gas, Inequality, CGE model, Bolivia

Electronic Health Record in Bolivia and ICT: A Perspective for Latin America

The emergence of new technologies in society through its application to many areas and very diverse realities is a clear element in the time in which we live. The health sector has been unable to escape this reality and has been renovated many of its traditional structures with new options brought by the application of information technology and communication (ICT) in areas such as management and hospital administration. This paper focuses on analyzing from the point of view of medical diagnosis the importance of electronic medical records as a unifying element of the information essential for this type of diagnosis, and the use of artificial intelligence techniques in this field. To this end the current situation of electronic medical records is analyzed in a country like Bolivia exhaustively analyzing three of the most important health centers. Is used for this unstructured interview experts on the subject reflect the current status of electronic medical records from the point of view of protection of the right to privacy of individuals and will serve as a model for development, not only in Bolivia but also in other Latin American countries

A Method for Shortening of the Rat Spine and its Neurologic Consequences

Large laboratory animals are the usual choice for complex surgical procedures on the spine and spinal cord, such as shortening of the spine. It would, however, be advantageous to be able to use a small inexpensive mammal like the rat. We describe a procedure which allows thoracic spondylectomy (T8-T9) to be performed in the rat with a satisfactory survival rate (69%). Functional consequences of the procedure on animals with uninjured spinal cord were monitored over a period of six months, at which time histologic examination was performed. There was a good correlation between operative trauma, consisting of mechanical injury to the cord assessed from the surgical notes, and the duration of postoperative spinal shock. Animals for which the cord appeared laminated or deformed at the time of sacrifice tended to show incomplete functional recovery. Cord cavitation developed, in most surviving animals (78%) but did not have a measurable adverse effect on functional outcome. In the present study, the cord was not intentionally injured; however, availability of this procedure may facilitate the future development of methods to implement recovery of function following spinal cord injury

Alegacion juridica por los electos de los vecinos y terratenientes de la Villa de Benaguacil, en la causa en grado de suplicacion con el ... Duque de Medinaceli : sobre pretender este inovar la particion de frutos de las tierras, y el pago de los censos de las casas del termino, y poblado de dicha villa ...

Precede al tít.: "Jesus, Maria, Joseph, San Joaquin, y Santa Ana"Sign.: [A]-F2, G1Port. con orla tipGrab. xil. de la Virgen Maria con el corazón traspasado por siete puñale

Status of the GERDA experiment

The GERDA experiment is designed to search for neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ) using76Ge, therefore asses the nature of neutrinos (Dirac or Majorana). In the so-called Phase I, with an exposure of 21.6kr yr, GERDA reached a background index (BI) of 10−2 cts/(keV kg yr) at 90% CL No signal was found during this phase and a lower limit on the process half-life of 2.1 × 1025 yr was derived (90% CL). GERDA is currently being upgraded to its Phase II, where the 76Ge mass will be double, and it is expected to reduce by an order of magnitude the BI. For 0νββ half-lives at the order of 1026 yr will be derived in the absence of signal. The experimental techniques used by GERDA will be depicted and the most relevant results from Phase I will be shown; as well as details on the upgrades of Phase II, including the status of the additional detectors deployed recently, and the new background reduction techniques using the active liquid Argon veto

Los pastores andinos: una propuesta de lectura de su historia. Ensayo bibliográfico de etnografía e historia

Siguiendo a Khazanov, proponemos que el pastoralismo es una forma de sociedad que apuesta por la alta movilidad y una relación periódica con «el mundo de afuera». Se trata de una alternativa a las sociedades agricultoras, sedentarias y urbanizadas. Nos preguntamos, entonces, en qué consistió este pastoralismo en el pasado andino. Para esto elaboramos un balance de los estudios tanto en antropología como en historia enfocando el problema en lo que consideramos central al pastoralismo: la movilidad y el intercambio. Los estudios pueden organizarse en dos ciclos, el primero de 1964 a 1983 que abre esta problemática a la realidad andina y el segundo de 1983 al 2003 cuando los estudios se trasladan hacia Bolivia y el Norte Argentino. De este modo evaluamos con qué herramientas contamos para su estudio. Como hipótesis de trabajo planteamos que los pastores andinos constituyen un sector de la sociedad andina con dos características esenciales: 1) Una colectividad sumamente móvil; 2) A pesar de que se los ha visto como un sector profundamente tradicional, por su carácter móvil, se constituyen en mediadores culturales por excelencia.Comme le fait Khazanov, nous émettons l’hypothèse que le pastoralisme est une forme de société qui parie sur une forte mobilité et une relation fréquente avec le monde extérieur. Il s’agit d’une alternative aux sociétés agricoles, sédentaires et urbanisées. Nous nous demandons donc en quoi consiste ce pastoralisme dans le passé andin. Pour cela nous avons établi le bilan des études aussi bien d’anthropologie qu’historiques orientées vers le problème que nous considérons central pour le pastoralisme : la mobilité et les échanges. Les études peuvent s’organiser en deux cycles : le premier, de 1964 à 1983, ouvre cette problématique à la réalité andine; le second, de 1983 à 2003, correspond au déplacement des études vers la Bolivie et le nord de l’Argentine. De cette façon, nous évaluons les outils dont nous disposons pour cette étude. Notre hypothèse de travail est que les bergers andins constituent un secteur de la société andine qui repose sur deux caractéristiques essentielles 1) c’est une collectivité très mobile; 2) bien qu’ils soient considérés comme un secteur profondément traditionnel, par leur caractère mobile, ce sont des médiateurs culturels par excellence.Following Khazanov, I propose that pastoralism is a type of society that has high mobility and a periodic relationship with the «outside world». Pastoralism is an alternative to the agricultural, sedentary and urbanized societies. How was this pastoralism in the Andean past? To answer this question I take a balanced approach based on the anthropological and historical studies of the subject, putting particular emphasis on what I consider is central to pastoralism: mobility and exchange. Studies of Andean pastoralism can be organized in two cycles: the first from 1964 to 1983 that opens this issue to the Andean reality and the second, 1983 to 2003, when the studies are focused on Bolivia and Northern Argentina. Within this framework I evaluate the tools for this study. As a working hypothesis I propose that Andean shepherds constitute a sector of Andean society with two essential characteristics: 1) great mobility, and 2) although they are seen as a profoundly traditional group, they are -because of their mobility- cultural mediators par excellenc

El giro ontológico previsto por Churata

The article reviews the evolution of Gamaliel Churata’s ontological meditations through specific fragments. With an analysis of the inorganic relationships between mind and matter, it tries to offer clues to the epistemic journey that the Andean writer went throughout his work. In the middle of the 20th century, in La Paz, Bolivia, there was a debate about the latest in Western philosophy. The books of Martin Heidegger and Nicolai Hartman were being translated into Spanish. Few local authors managed to assimilate and at the same time get rid of the ideas of European philosophers to build their own ontology proposal, without discarding those principles, but expanding/modifying their scope from the Andean roots. This is a note on the development of the poetics of Gamaliel Churata between the decades of the forties and sixties about thementioned subject.Un breve apunte acerca del devenir ontológico en América Latina con sus giros, asimilaciones y cambios de rumbo. A partir de cuatro fragmentos textuales poco comentados de Gamaliel Churata se explora en las relaciones inorgánicas entre la mente y la materia. A mediados del siglo XX, en La Paz, Bolivia, se debatía acerca de lo más reciente de la filosofía occidental. Los libros de Martin Heidegger y Nicolai Hartman se estaban traduciendo al castellano. Realmente pocos autores locales lograron asimilar y al mismo tiempo desprenderse de las ideas de estos filósofos europeos para construir una propuesta ontológica propia, sin descartar aquellos principios, sino ampliando/modificando sus alcances desde la raigambre andina. A la vez, mediante estos fragmentos, intento hacer un muy breve repaso al desarrollo de la poética del autor y pensador andino entre las décadas de los años cuarenta y sesenta