The energy spectrum observed by the AGASA experiment and the spatial distribution of the sources of ultra-high energy cosmic rays

Seven and a half years of continuous monitoring of giant air showers triggered by ultra high-energy cosmic rays have been recently summarized by the AGASA collaboration. The resulting energy spectrum indicates clearly that the cosmic ray spectrum extends well beyond the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin (GZK) cut-off at $\sim 5 \times 10^{19}$ eV. Furthermore, despite the small number statistics involved, some structure in the spectrum may be emerging. Using numerical simulations, it is demonstrated in the present work that these features are consistent with a spatial distribution of sources that follows the distribution of luminous matter in the local Universe. Therefore, from this point of view, there is no need for a second high-energy component of cosmic rays dominating the spectrum beyond the GZK cut-off.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures, Astrophys. J. Letters (submitted

Experimental study to enhance swirl burner against boundary layer flashback

In gas turbine systems, operation stability represents the major challenge to any successful device deployment. Climate change combined with fossil fuel pollution has led to the need of considering high hydrogen content fuels, thus putting more pressure to stabilise gas turbines at operation conditions. Flashback is one of the main operation stability problems that represent a real challenge for gas turbine designers when using fast reacting fuels with high hydrogen content. One mechanism that has shown to contribute to flashback considerably is the propagation of the flame through its boundary layer. Although the latter has been studied, there are still several unknowns in its evolution through the system. Thus, boundary layer flashback of a swirling turbulent flame was investigated in a 150 kW tangential swirl burner previously characterised. To produce controlled changes to the boundary layer, the internal side of the burner was covered by woven wire steel mesh to mimic biological skin techniques in flow drag improvement. Two different wire meshes were used to study the effect of the regular roughness size on the boundary flashback. Moreover, the effects of using the wire mesh in such swirling flow with and without central air injection for reduction of other flashback phenomena were studied. The results show good enhancement of the system to boundary layer flashback, and a new map of the combustion stability of the rig has been produced

ANALISIS MUSIKALISASI PUISI ANANDA SUKARLAN TERHADAP PUISI “IRAS” KARYA ADIMAS IMMANUEL

Skripsi ini berjudul “Analisis Musikalisasi Puisi Karya Ananda Sukarlan Terhadap Puisi “Iras” Karya Adimas Immanuel”. Tujuan umum dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui struktur puisi “Iras” yang kemudian ditransformasikan ke dalam bentuk musikalisasi puisi “Iras”. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskripsi analisis. Data dikumpulkan dengan cara teknik pengamatan, wawancara, studi pustaka dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil temuan penelitian ini adalah baik struktur fisik maupun batin puisi “Iras”, cenderung memiliki pemaknaan perihal kemuraman dan ketegangan. Kemudian dalam struktur musikalisasi puisi “Iras”, persepsi auditif yang terkandung secara keumuman adalah persepsi auditif minor dengan kesan afektif perihal kesesenduan, kemuraman dan ketegangan. Berdasarkan hasil dalam pengkajian kontekstual, dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa penggubahan dalam musikalisasi puisi “Iras” sangat memperhatikan pemaknaan yang teremban dalam puisi “Iras”, sekaligus menjadikannya sebagai acuan. Sehingga berbagai kesan afektif dalam musikalisasi puisi “Iras” pun, secara tidak langsung menguatkan sekaligus membantu pemaknaan puisi secara keumuman.;---This thesis titled “Analysis of Ananda Sukarlan’s Poetry Musicalization to “Iras” Poetry By Adimas Immanuel”. The main purpose of this research is to reveal the structure of “Iras” poetry which then being transformed into musical form. Method that used in this research is description analysis. Datas are collected by observation, interview, literature studies and documentation studies. The result of this reasearch is, both physical and inner structure of “Iras” poetry have meaning about gloom and tension. Then the music strucuter itself has a main audio perception about minor and some affective impressions about sadness, gloom and tension. Based on the contextual assessment, conclusion of the arrangement musical form is concerned to the poetry’s meaning. Therefore the affective impressions in the musical structure is also toughen the poetry’s meaning and help on interpretationin

Nos vemos en la calle, del documento al documental etnográfico

"Nos vemos en la calle" es un documento audiovisual que forma parte de un proyecto de investigación sobre agrupaciones ilegales o callejeras del Carnaval de Cádiz. La elaboración de un documento en soporte audiovisual se concebía, en origen, como complemento de una propuesta más amplia que culminaba en la ejecución de un informe analítico-descriptivo sobre el tema de estudio, considerando el registro audiovisual como una importante aportación documental a la investigación etnográfica. Esta premisa condicionó de manera fundamental el proceso de producción de la película y sus resultados. El posterior desarrollo del trabajo de realización del documental en sí mismo y las dimensiones que éste fue adquiriendo, como forma de conocimiento y expresión propia, han modificado la "naturaleza primera" de este material, adquiriendo autonomía (aunque siempre vinculada al contexto de la investigación), convirtiéndose en algo más que un método de registro y material audiovisual del tema de estudio con mero valor documental para su posterior análisis

Predictors of Clinical Outcomes of Flexible Ureterorenoscopy with Holmium Laser for Renal Stone Greater than 2 cm

Objective. To evaluate the clinical outcome of flexible ureterorenoscopy (F-URS) with holmium laser in managing renal stone greater than 2 cm. Patients and Methods. Records of 120 patients (123 renal units) with renal stone greater than 2 cm who underwent F-URS with holmium laser iwere evaluated. The mean stone size was 26.3 mm. Patient and stone characteristics, perioperative outcomes and complications were evaluated. The outcome was determined at 4 weeks on plain radiograph (KUB) and Non-contrast CT scan (NCCT). Follow-up visit was up to 6 months to evaluate the clinical outcome and patients symptoms. Results. Stone burden was an independent predictor of FURS results. After first session of treatment, success rate was obtained in 72 renal units (58.5%). On the other hand, significant residual fragment was encountered in 51 renal units (41.5%). This was improved with “staged-therapy” to 87% and 96.7% after second and third session of treatment, respectively. Complications were recorded. They were managed in proper manner accordingly. Conclusion. This is an attractive, safe and effective technique. It is an ideal option for low volume complex stone with average burdens of 2 to 3 cm. Patient should be informed and consented about staged-therapy

Immunocytochemical Study of Rabbit-Polyclonal to Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, AB905: Improving Diagnostic of Tuberculous Lymphadenitis

Tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBLN) is the most common form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. However, the optimal diagnosis using Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) or excisional biopsy is uncertain. This research aims to improve the diagnostic of TBLN with FNAC and immunocytochemistry (ICC) compared to the response to antituberculosis therapy. The cross-sectional study involved 43 patients with the criteria for TBLN diagnosis based on the appropriate clinical history of tuberculosis and indicative cytological results. Immunocytochemical examination employed rabbit-polyclonal to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) antibody (AB905). The MTB expression was found in 35 out of 43 cases (81%) that appropriate cytological features of the tuberculosis process. Meanwhile, eight out of 43 cases (19%) did not express MTB. Diagnostic tests for lesions with a positive cytologic appearance of TBLN and ICC were compared to the response to anti-tuberculosis therapy, revealing the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 95.2%, 75%, 95.2%, and 17%, respectively. Besides, Fisher's exact tests utilized to identify the relationship between two variables; p 0.05 was considered significant. This research found immunocytochemical study was a sensitive and specific tool for improving the diagnostic of TBLN

CFD analysis of the fluidised bed hydrodynamic behaviour inside an isothermal gasifier with different perforated plate distributors

The hydrodynamic behaviour of gas-solid mixtures inside Bed Fluidised Beds (BFB) gasifiers has a major impact on the gasification process due to particles - gas and particle - particle contact mechanisms. The Discrete Phase Model DPM with Multiphase Particle-in-Cell method MPPIC was used as a CFD approach to study the hydrodynamic behaviour of an 800 height x 83 mm φ prototype fluidised bed gasifier with 4 different perforated plate distributors. In terms of bubble forming, pressure drop and superficial velocity, the type D distributor, i.e. triangular, had the best performance among the other types and in turn better bed height and bed movement, thus allowing best fluidisation performance as a consequence of better flow distribution