Shiitake cultivation as biological preprocessing of lignocellulosic feedstocks – Substrate changes in crystallinity, syringyl/guaiacyl lignin and degradation-derived by-products

Formulation of substrates based on three hardwood species combined with modulation of nitrogen content by whey addition (0–2%) was investigated in an experiment designed in D-optimal model for their effects on biological preprocessing of lignocellulosic feedstock by shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes) cultivation. Nitrogen loading was shown a more significant role than wood species for both mushroom production and lignocellulose degradation. The fastest mycelial colonization occurred with no nitrogen supplementation, but the highest mushroom yields were achieved when 1% whey was added. Low nitrogen content resulted in increased delignification and minimal glucan consumption. Delignification was correlated with degradation of syringyl lignin unit, as indicated by a significant reduction (41.5%) of the syringyl-to-guaiacyl ratio after cultivation. No significant changes in substrate crystallinity were observed. The formation of furan aldehydes and aliphatic acids was negligible during the pasteurization and fungal cultivation, while the content of soluble phenolics increased up to seven-fold.publishedVersio

Evolving trends in the management of acute appendicitis during COVID-19 waves. The ACIE appy II study

Background: In 2020, ACIE Appy study showed that COVID-19 pandemic heavily affected the management of patients with acute appendicitis (AA) worldwide, with an increased rate of non-operative management (NOM) strategies and a trend toward open surgery due to concern of virus transmission by laparoscopy and controversial recommendations on this issue. The aim of this study was to survey again the same group of surgeons to assess if any difference in management attitudes of AA had occurred in the later stages of the outbreak. Methods: From August 15 to September 30, 2021, an online questionnaire was sent to all 709 participants of the ACIE Appy study. The questionnaire included questions on personal protective equipment (PPE), local policies and screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection, NOM, surgical approach and disease presentations in 2021. The results were compared with the results from the previous study. Results: A total of 476 answers were collected (response rate 67.1%). Screening policies were significatively improved with most patients screened regardless of symptoms (89.5% vs. 37.4%) with PCR and antigenic test as the preferred test (74.1% vs. 26.3%). More patients tested positive before surgery and commercial systems were the preferred ones to filter smoke plumes during laparoscopy. Laparoscopic appendicectomy was the first option in the treatment of AA, with a declined use of NOM. Conclusion: Management of AA has improved in the last waves of pandemic. Increased evidence regarding SARS-COV-2 infection along with a timely healthcare systems response has been translated into tailored attitudes and a better care for patients with AA worldwide

Shiitake cultivation as biological preprocessing of lignocellulosic feedstocks – Substrate changes in crystallinity, syringyl/guaiacyl lignin and degradation-derived by-products

Formulation of substrates based on three hardwood species combined with modulation of nitrogen content by whey addition (0–2%) was investigated in an experiment designed in D-optimal model for their effects on biological preprocessing of lignocellulosic feedstock by shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes) cultivation. Nitrogen loading was shown a more significant role than wood species for both mushroom production and lignocellulose degradation. The fastest mycelial colonization occurred with no nitrogen supplementation, but the highest mushroom yields were achieved when 1% whey was added. Low nitrogen content resulted in increased delignification and minimal glucan consumption. Delignification was correlated with degradation of syringyl lignin unit, as indicated by a significant reduction (41.5%) of the syringyl-to-guaiacyl ratio after cultivation. No significant changes in substrate crystallinity were observed. The formation of furan aldehydes and aliphatic acids was negligible during the pasteurization and fungal cultivation, while the content of soluble phenolics increased up to seven-fold

Yeast immobilization systems for second-generation ethanol production: actual trends and future perspectives

Yeast immobilization with low-cost carrier materials is a suitable strategy to optimize the fermentation of lignocellulosic hydrolysates for the production of second-generation (2G) ethanol. It is defined as the physical confinement of intact cells to a certain region of space (the carrier) with the preservation of their biological activity. This technological approach facilitates promising strategies for second-generation bioethanol production due to the enhancement of the fermentation performance that is expected to be achieved. Using immobilized cells, the resistance to inhibitors contained in the hydrolysates and the co-utilization of sugars are improved, along with facilitating separation operations and the reuse of yeast in new production cycles. Until now, the most common immobilization technology used calcium alginate as a yeast carrier but other supports such as biochar or multispecies biofilm membranes have emerged as interesting alternatives. This review compiles updated information about cell carriers and yeast-cell requirements for immobilization, and the benefits and drawbacks of different immobilization systems for second-generation bioethanol production are investigated and compared. © 2021 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd

Taller de Proyecto I - SI644 - 202102

Descripción: El curso de especialidad de Taller de Proyecto I, de las carreras de Ciencias de la Computación (CC), Ingeniería de Software (ISW) e Ingeniería de Sistemas de Información (ISI), es de carácter teórico-práctico y está dirigido a los estudiantes del noveno ciclo. Es un curso obligatorio e importante dentro de la formación de los estudiantes pues permite definir el tema, objetivos, alcance y plan de ejecución de su proyecto profesional. El taller se desarrolla bajo la aplicación de trabajos por roles. Propósito: . El curso tiene como propósito que los estudiantes desempeñan una serie de roles para el análisis, diseño, implementación y producción de un sistema de información que permite ejemplificar muy cercano a la realidad, el trabajo profesional que desarrollarán los futuros egresados. Contribuye con el desarrollo de las competencias generales de comunicación oral, pensamiento crítico, razonamiento cuantitativo, pensamiento innovador a nivel de logro 3 y ciudadanía a nivel de logro 2. Así como las competencias específicas (1) Formula y resuelve problemas complejos; (2) Diseño y desarrollo de una solución; (3) Comunicacicón Efectiva; (4) Responsabilidad ética y profesional; (5) Trabajo en equipos multidisciplinarios; (6) Aprendizaje contínuo y autónomo para la carrera de Ciencias de la Computación. Así como las competencias específicas (1) Formula y resuelve problemas complejos; (2) Diseño y desarrollo de una solución; (3) Comunicacicón Efectiva; (4) Responsabilidad ética y profesional; (5) Trabajo en equipos multidisciplinarios; (6) Análisis y emisión de conclusiones; (7) Aprendizaje contínuo y autónomo para las carreras de Ingeniería de Sistemas de Información e Ingeniería de Software

Taller de Proyecto II - SI646 - 202101

Descripción: El curso de especialidad de Taller de Proyecto II, de las carreras de Ciencias de la Computación (CC), Ingeniería de Software (ISW) e Ingeniería de Sistemas de Información (ISI), es de carácter teórico-práctico y está dirigido a los estudiantes del décimo ciclo. El curso busca desarrollar las competencias generales de comunicación oral y escrita, manejo de la información, ciudadanía y pensamiento innovador. Para CC, las competencias específicas que se desarrollan en el curso son: trabajo en equipos multidisciplinarios, responsabilidad ética y profesional, comunicación efectiva, análisis del impacto de la solución de ingeniería, necesidad de aprendizaje de por vida, aplicación de fundamentos matemáticos, diseño y construcción de sistemas complejos. Propósito: Este curso es importante dentro de la formación de los estudiantes pues permite la aplicación directa de todos los conocimientos adquiridos en ciclos anteriores; es el segundo taller a través de los cuales los estudiantes conjuntamente con los profesores involucrados en los cursos realizan el desarrollo de un Proyecto Profesional final. El taller se desarrolla bajo la aplicación de trabajos por roles. Los estudiantes desempeñan una serie de roles para el análisis, diseño, implementación y producción de un sistema de información que permite ejemplificar muy cercano a la realidad, el trabajo profesional que desarrollarán los futuros egresados. Contribuye con el desarrollo de las competencias generales de comunicación oral, pensamiento crítico, razonamiento cuantitativo, pensamiento innovador a nivel de logro 3 y ciudadanía a nivel de logro 2. Así como las competencias específicas (3) Comunicacicón Efectiva; (4) Responsabilidad ética y profesional; (5) Trabajo en equipos multidisciplinarios; (6) Aprendizaje contínuo y autónomo para la carrera de Ciencias de la Computación. Así como las competencias específicas (3) Comunicacicón Efectiva; (4) Responsabilidad ética y profesional; (5) Trabajo en equipos multidisciplinarios; (6) Análisis y emisión de conclusiones; (7) Aprendizaje contínuo y autónomo para las carreras de Ingeniería de Sistemas de Información e Ingeniería de Software

Taller de Proyecto I - SI644 - 202101

Descripción: El curso de especialidad de Taller de Proyecto I, de las carreras de Ciencias de la Computación (CC), Ingeniería de Software (ISW) e Ingeniería de Sistemas de Información (ISI), es de carácter teórico-práctico y está dirigido a los estudiantes del noveno ciclo. Es un curso obligatorio e importante dentro de la formación de los estudiantes pues permite definir el tema, objetivos, alcance y plan de ejecución de su proyecto profesional. El taller se desarrolla bajo la aplicación de trabajos por roles. Propósito: . El curso tiene como propósito que los estudiantes desempeñan una serie de roles para el análisis, diseño, implementación y producción de un sistema de información que permite ejemplificar muy cercano a la realidad, el trabajo profesional que desarrollarán los futuros egresados. Contribuye con el desarrollo de las competencias generales de comunicación oral, pensamiento crítico, razonamiento cuantitativo, pensamiento innovador a nivel de logro 3 y ciudadanía a nivel de logro 2. Así como las competencias específicas (1) Formula y resuelve problemas complejos; (2) Diseño y desarrollo de una solución; (3) Comunicacicón Efectiva; (4) Responsabilidad ética y profesional; (5) Trabajo en equipos multidisciplinarios; (6) Aprendizaje contínuo y autónomo para la carrera de Ciencias de la Computación. Así como las competencias específicas (1) Formula y resuelve problemas complejos; (2) Diseño y desarrollo de una solución; (3) Comunicacicón Efectiva; (4) Responsabilidad ética y profesional; (5) Trabajo en equipos multidisciplinarios; (6) Análisis y emisión de conclusiones; (7) Aprendizaje contínuo y autónomo para las carreras de Ingeniería de Sistemas de Información e Ingeniería de Software

Evolving trends in the management of acute appendicitis during COVID-19 waves. The ACIE appy II study (vol 46, pg 2021, 2022)

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Global attitudes in the management of acute appendicitis during COVID-19 pandemic: ACIE Appy Study

Background: Surgical strategies are being adapted to face the COVID-19 pandemic. Recommendations on the management of acute appendicitis have been based on expert opinion, but very little evidence is available. This study addressed that dearth with a snapshot of worldwide approaches to appendicitis. Methods: The Association of Italian Surgeons in Europe designed an online survey to assess the current attitude of surgeons globally regarding the management of patients with acute appendicitis during the pandemic. Questions were divided into baseline information, hospital organization and screening, personal protective equipment, management and surgical approach, and patient presentation before versus during the pandemic. Results: Of 744 answers, 709 (from 66 countries) were complete and were included in the analysis. Most hospitals were treating both patients with and those without COVID. There was variation in screening indications and modality used, with chest X-ray plus molecular testing (PCR) being the commonest (19\ub78 per cent). Conservative management of complicated and uncomplicated appendicitis was used by 6\ub76 and 2\ub74 per cent respectively before, but 23\ub77 and 5\ub73 per cent, during the pandemic (both P < 0\ub7001). One-third changed their approach from laparoscopic to open surgery owing to the popular (but evidence-lacking) advice from expert groups during the initial phase of the pandemic. No agreement on how to filter surgical smoke plume during laparoscopy was identified. There was an overall reduction in the number of patients admitted with appendicitis and one-third felt that patients who did present had more severe appendicitis than they usually observe. Conclusion: Conservative management of mild appendicitis has been possible during the pandemic. The fact that some surgeons switched to open appendicectomy may reflect the poor guidelines that emanated in the early phase of SARS-CoV-2