Characterization of Not homeobox genes during development in Nematostella vectensis

Postponed access: the file will be accessible after 2022-06-01Masteroppgave i molekylærbiologiMOL399MAMN-MO

Performance of stocks after repair issues : An empirical analysis of the stock performance of firms undergoing repair issues on the Oslo Stock Exchange : Evidence from 2012-2022

In recent years, private placements have emerged as the preferred method of raising equity on the Oslo Stock Exchange (OSE). Private placements have a discriminatory character, and dilutes the non-participating shareholders. To offset this dilution, and in line with their principle of equal treatment, the OSE has established a requirement for companies to consider subsequent repair issues. Our findings indicate that these repair issues are implemented in 20% of the instances and are not apportioned on a pro-rata basis. This study explores the abnormal returns of firms that have conducted private placements and subsequent repair issues listed on the OSE. We employed the Jensen's alpha calendar-time portfolio method with the Fama-French three-factor model as a benchmark to analyze the performance of these firms. Additionally, we tested the returns using the buy-andhold reference portfolio method, where the reference portfolio comprised of peer firms listed on the OSE with similar TRBC codes, market capitalization, and book-to-value multiples. In this methodology, we also evaluated the returns incorporating the share price discount offered. With a sample size of 186 companies that completed private placements and repair issues, We find some contradicting results regarding the two methodologies. Specifically, the Jensen's alpha method detects negative long-term returns in the full sample, a finding not mirrored by the buy-and-hold method, which instead yields no significant results. When we segment the data into sub-samples, neither methodology identifies significant returns. Nevertheless, the picture changes when we shift our focus to participating investors. In this context, we observe numerous short to medium-term positive returns, with significance at the l% level, painting the possibility for favorable returns for investors. Our findings provide valuable knowledge for the OSE. The results suggests that repair issues, rather than just being tools to alleviate the dilution effect resulting from private placements, could also serve as potentially profitable investment opportunities for those who choose to participate.nhhma

Å oppnå livsglede på dødsleiet…

Erfaringen vi har gjort oss gjennom ulike praksisforløp i studietiden, har vist oss at situasjoner der det blir utøvet pleie til alvorlig syke og døende mennesker er et område som mange vegrer seg for. Møtet med denne pasientgruppen har gjort sterkt inntrykk på oss som studenter, og vi håper at vi gjennom prosessen med denne oppgaven får mer kunnskaper om de ulike aspektene rundt den syke, økt bevissthet om egen holdning, væremåte, tilnærming og ikke minst kommunikasjonen vi har i relasjon til disse pasientene. Men også hva vi som fremtidige sykepleiere kan bidra med for at alvorlig syke og døende pasienter og deres pårørende skal kunne opprettholde håpet, og finne mening i situasjonen de er i. En av studentene i gruppen fikk ved en anledning delta ved et møte i ressursgruppa for palliativ behandling ved en region. Denne erfaringen gav inspirasjon til å rette fokus mot hva vi kan bidra med som sykepleiere, utover den symptomrettede behandlingen, for at pasienter som er i slutten av livet skal få en så verdifull tid som overhodet mulig. Hovedtemaet for oppgaven vår blir dermed å rette fokus mot hvilke faktorer som kan være med å bidra til livskvalitet hos denne pasientgruppen. Under dette temaet vil det også være naturlig å peke på de momenter som bidrar til at den døende får en verdig avslutning på livet, samt at de pårørende føler seg inkludert og ivaretatt

"Når du samarbeider, var det lettere og gøyere å lære" Evaluering av teoribaserte læringsaktiviteter i faget mat og helse: En kvalitativ undersøkelse av elever på 9. trinn og deres mat- og helselærer

Bakgrunn: Gjennom forskningsprosjektet LifeLab mat og helse, ble det utviklet 6 læringsaktiviteter til skolefaget mat og helse som tar for seg de mer teoretiske aspektene i faget. I etterkant av prosjektet ble aktivitetene videreutviklet, og det har blitt utviklet introduksjonsvideoer tilhørende hver aktivitet. Det var ønskelig med innsikt i hvordan introduksjonsvideoene, sammen med læringsaktivitetene, fungerer i klasserommet, noe denne masteroppgaven undersøker nærmere. Mål: Formålet med denne masteroppgaven har vært å undersøke elevenes læringsprosess i arbeid med læringsaktivitetene som presenteres, samt hvordan elever og lærer opplever bruken av læringsaktivitetene. Det nye med denne oppgaven ble å undersøke hvordan de nå utviklede introduksjonsvideoene fungerer i klasserommet. For å kunne svare på dette ble denne problemstillingen utviklet: Hvordan påvirkes læringsprosessen til elever på 9. trinn i arbeid med læringsaktiviteter i mat og helse? Metode: Studien har et kvalitativt forskningsdesign, hvor datainnsamlingen består av observasjon av, samt 2 semistrukturerte gruppeintervju med elever fra én 9. klasse ved en skole i Agderregionen, samt to individuelle semistrukturerte intervju med elevenes mat- og helselærer. Intervjuene ble analysert ved bruk av kvalitativ tematisk analyse. Resultater: Læringsaktivitetene ble tatt godt imot av både elever og lærer, og ble beskrevet som gøye, praktiske, aktive, samt en god måte å arbeide med teori i faget. Konklusjon: Læringsaktivitetene er en mulig løsning på hvordan teoriundervisningen i faget mat og helse kan foregå, samt det å få dekket alle kompetansemålene i faget, som igjen Nøkkelord: Mat- og helsefaget, LifeLab mat og helse, sosiokulturell læringsteori, teoriundervisning, engasjement, motivasjon, aktive og praktiske læringsaktivitete

Distributed Trust Empowerment for Secure Offline Communications

Most of today’s digital communications over the Internet rely on central entities, such as certificate authority servers, to provide secure and authenticated communication. In situations when the Internet is unavailable due to lack of reception in remote areas, natural disasters destroying network infrastructure, or congestion due to large amounts of traffic, these central entities may not be available. This causes secure communication, even among users in the vicinity of each other, to become a challenge. This paper contributes with a solution that enables peers within the vicinity to communicate securely without a connection to the Internet backbone. The solution operates on the Wi-Fi infrastructure mode and exploits a private distributed ledger to ensure a trusted authorization among users without a third party. Moreover, the solution enables users to set up secure communication channels using mutual authentication for exchanging data securely. Finally, the solution is validated through a proof of concept application and an extensive experimental study aiming at optimizing system parameters and investigating the performance of the application is conducted. The results from these measurements indicate that the solution performs well on small to medium-scale networks

Hvordan opplever pasienten å bli møtt av sykepleier angående seksualitet etter hjerneslag?

Bakgrunn Gjennom sykepleierutdanningen er det svært lite fokus på pasientenes seksualitet. I 2021 burde seksualitet vært normaliser, men oppleves enda som et tabu tema. Siden vi opplever seksualitet som et undertrykket tema, ønsker vi derfor å skrive en oppgave som belyser pasienters seksualitet. Hensikt Hensikten med oppgaven er å belyse pasienter rammet av slags opplevelse av hvordan sykepleiere møter deres seksualitet etter rehabiliteringsfasen. I oppgaven ønsker vi å besvare problemstillingen “Hvordan opplever pasienten å bli møtt av sykepleier angående seksualitet etter hjerneslag?” Metode I denne oppgaven brukes litteraturstudie som metode, hvor vi analyserte fem forskningsartikler. På grunn av oppgavens problemstilling, er det hensiktsmessig å benytte seg av kvalitativ metode. Problemstillingen ønsker å besvare hvordan opplever, som gjør at svaret inneholder følelser, tanker, verdier, meninger og holdninger. Dette gjør at den kvalitative metoden vil være mest egnet i besvarelsen av vår problemstilling. Resultater Resultatene fra de anvendte studiene viser at seksualitet oppleves som et tabubelagt tema, som resulterer i at både pasient og sykepleier unnviker temaet. Resultatene viser også at pasientene opplever mangel på informasjon om seksualitet etter hjerneslaget. Nøkkelord Sykepleie, seksualitet, hjerneslag, tabu, informasjon, behov, pleielidelse, PLISSIT-modellen, Kari Martinsen, intimite

The prognosis for individuals on disability retirement An 18-year mortality follow-up study of 6887 men and women sampled from the general population

BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown a markedly higher mortality rate among disability pensioners than among non-retired. Since most disability pensions are granted because of non-fatal diseases the reason for the increased mortality therefore remains largely unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate potential explanatory factors. METHODS: Data from five longitudinal cohort studies in Sweden, including 6,887 men and women less than 65 years old at baseline were linked to disability pension data, hospital admission data, and mortality data from 1971 until 2001. Mortality odds ratios were analyzed with Poisson regression and Cox's proportional hazards regression models. RESULTS: 1,683 (24.4%) subjects had a disability pension at baseline or received one during follow up. 525 (7.6%) subjects died during follow up. The subjects on disability pension had a higher mortality rate than the non-retired, the hazards ratio (HR) being 2.78 (95%CI 2.08–3.71) among women and 3.43 (95%CI 2.61–4.51) among men. HR was highest among individuals granted a disability pension at young ages (HR >7), and declined parallel to age at which the disability pension was granted. The higher mortality rate among the retired subjects was not explained by disability pension cause or underlying disease or differences in age, marital status, educational level, smoking habits or drug abuse. There was no significant association between reason for disability pension and cause of death. CONCLUSION: Subjects with a disability pension had increased mortality rates as compared with non-retired subjects, only modestly affected by adjustments for psycho-socio-economic factors, underlying disease, etcetera. It is unlikely that these factors were the causes of the unfavorable outcome. Other factors must be at work

The profile of psychiatric symptoms exacerbated by methamphetamine use

Background: Methamphetamine use can produce symptoms almost indistinguishable from schizophrenia. Distinguishing between the two conditions has been hampered by the lack of a validated symptom profile for methamphetamine-induced psychiatric symptoms. We use data from a longitudinal cohort study to examine the profile of psychiatric symptoms that are acutely exacerbated by methamphetamine use. Methods: 164 methamphetamine users, who did not meet DSM-IV criteria for a lifetime primary psychotic disorder, were followed monthly for one year to assess the relationship between days of methamphetamine use and symptom severity on the 24-item Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Exacerbation of psychiatric symptoms with methamphetamine use was quantified using random coefficient models. The dimensions of symptom exacerbation were examined using principal axis factoring and a latent profile analysis. Results: Symptoms exacerbated by methamphetamine loaded on three factors: positive psychotic symptoms (suspiciousness, unusual thought content, hallucinations, bizarre behavior); affective symptoms (depression, suicidality, guilt, hostility, somatic concern, self-neglect); and psychomotor symptoms (tension, excitement, distractibility, motor hyperactivity). Methamphetamine use did not significantly increase negative symptoms. Vulnerability to positive psychotic and affective symptom exacerbation was shared by 28% of participants, and this vulnerability aligned with a past year DSM-IV diagnosis of substance-induced psychosis (38% vs. 22%, χ2(df1) = 3.66, p = 0.056). Conclusion: Methamphetamine use produced a symptom profile comprised of positive psychotic and affective symptoms, which aligned with a diagnosis of substance-induced psychosis, with no evidence of a negative syndrome

Inflammatory bowel disease in South-Eastern Norway III (IBSEN III): a new population-based inception cohort study from South-Eastern Norway

Background and aim: Modern treatment strategies for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are postulated to change the natural disease course. Inception cohort studies are the gold standard for investigating such changes. We have initiated a new population-based inception cohort study; Inflammatory bowel disease in South Eastern Norway III (IBSEN III). In this article, we describe the study protocol and baseline characteristics of the cohort. Methods: IBSEN III is an ongoing, population-based observational inception cohort study with prospective follow-up. Adult and pediatric patients with suspected IBD in the South-Eastern Health Region of Norway (catchment area of 2.95 million inhabitants in 2017), during the 3-year period from 2017 to 2019, were eligible for inclusion. Comprehensive clinical, biochemical, endoscopic, demographic, and patient-reported data were collected at the time of diagnosis and throughout standardized follow-up. For a portion of the patients, extensive biological material was biobanked. Results: The study included 2168 patients, of whom 1779 were diagnosed with IBD (Crohn's disease: 626, ulcerative colitis: 1082, IBD unclassified: 71). In 124 patients, there were subtle findings indicative of, but not diagnostic for, IBD. The remaining 265 patients were classified as symptomatic non-IBD controls. Conclusion: We have included patients in a comprehensive population-based IBD cohort from a catchment population of 2.95 million, and a unique biobank with materials from newly diagnosed and treatment-naïve IBD patients and symptomatic non-IBD controls. We believe this cohort will add important knowledge about IBD in the years to come.publishedVersio

Patient-reported outcomes in palliative gastrointestinal stenting: a Norwegian multicenter study

Background The clinical effect of stent treatment has been evaluated by mainly physicians; only a limited number of prospective studies have used patient-reported outcomes for this purpose. The aim of this work was to study the clinical effect of self-expanding metal stents in treatment of malignant gastrointestinal obstructions, as evaluated by patient-reported outcomes, and compare the rating of the treatment effect by patients and physicians. Methods Between November 2006 and April 2008, 273 patients treated with SEMS for malignant GI and biliary obstructions were recruited from nine Norwegian hospitals. Patients and physicians assessed symptoms independently at the time of treatment and after 2 weeks using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ-C30 questionnaire supplemented with specific questions related to obstruction. Results A total of 162 patients (99 males; median age = 72 years) completed both assessments and were included in the study. A significant improvement in the mean global health score was observed after 2 weeks (from 9 to 18 on a 0–100 scale, P\0.03) for all stent locations. Both patients and physicians reported a significant reduction in all obstruction-related symptoms ([20 on the 0–100 scale, P\0.006) after SEMS treatment. The physicians reported a larger mean improvement in symptoms than did the patients, mainly because they reported more severe symptoms before treatment. Conclusion SEMS treatment is effective in relieving symptoms of malignant GI and biliary obstruction, as reported by patients and physicians. The physicians, however, reported a larger reduction in obstructive symptoms than did the patients. A prospective assessment of patientreported outcomes is important in evaluating SEMS treatment