23 research outputs found

    Correction: Delayed Goblet Cell Hyperplasia, Acetylcholine Receptor Expression, and Worm Expulsion in SMC-Specific IL-4RĪ±ā€“Deficient Mice

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    Interleukin 4 receptor alpha (IL-4Ralpha) is essential for effective clearance of gastrointestinal nematode infections. Smooth muscle cells are considered to play a role in the type 2 immune response-driven expulsion of gastrointestinal nematodes. Previous studies have shown in vitro that signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 signaling in response to parasitic nematode infection significantly increases smooth muscle cell contractility. Inhibition of the IL-4Ralpha pathway inhibits this response. How this response manifests itself in vivo is unknown. In this study, smooth muscle cell IL-4Ralpha-deficient mice (SM-MHC(Cre)IL-4Ralpha(-/lox)) were generated and characterized to uncover any role for IL-4/IL-13 in this non-immune cell type in response to Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection. IL-4Ralpha was absent from alpha-actin-positive smooth muscle cells, while other cell types showed normal IL-4Ralpha expression, thus demonstrating efficient cell-type-specific deletion of the IL-4Ralpha gene. N. brasiliensis-infected SM-MHC(Cre)IL-4Ralpha(-/lox) mice showed delayed ability to resolve infection with significantly prolonged fecal egg recovery and delayed worm expulsion. The delayed expulsion was related to a delayed intestinal goblet cell hyperplasia, reduced T helper 2 cytokine production in the mesenteric lymph node, and reduced M3 muscarinic receptor expression during infection. Together, these results demonstrate that in vivo IL-4Ralpha-responsive smooth muscle cells are beneficial for N. brasiliensis expulsion by coordinating T helper 2 cytokine responses, goblet hyperplasia, and acetylcholine responsiveness, which drive smooth muscle cell contractions

    Delayed Goblet Cell Hyperplasia, Acetylcholine Receptor Expression, and Worm Expulsion in SMC-Specific IL-4RĪ±ā€“Deficient Mice

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    Interleukin 4 receptor Ī± (IL-4RĪ±) is essential for effective clearance of gastrointestinal nematode infections. Smooth muscle cells are considered to play a role in the type 2 immune responseā€“driven expulsion of gastrointestinal nematodes. Previous studies have shown in vitro that signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 signaling in response to parasitic nematode infection significantly increases smooth muscle cell contractility. Inhibition of the IL-4RĪ± pathway inhibits this response. How this response manifests itself in vivo is unknown. In this study, smooth muscle cell IL-4RĪ±ā€“deficient mice (SM-MHC(Cre)IL-4RĪ±(āˆ’/lox)) were generated and characterized to uncover any role for IL-4/IL-13 in this nonā€“immune cell type in response to Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection. IL-4RĪ± was absent from Ī±-actinā€“positive smooth muscle cells, while other cell types showed normal IL-4RĪ± expression, thus demonstrating efficient cell-typeā€“specific deletion of the IL-4RĪ± gene. N. brasiliensisā€“infected SM-MHC(Cre)IL-4RĪ±(āˆ’/lox) mice showed delayed ability to resolve infection with significantly prolonged fecal egg recovery and delayed worm expulsion. The delayed expulsion was related to a delayed intestinal goblet cell hyperplasia, reduced T helper 2 cytokine production in the mesenteric lymph node, and reduced M3 muscarinic receptor expression during infection. Together, these results demonstrate that in vivo IL-4RĪ±ā€“responsive smooth muscle cells are beneficial for N. brasiliensis expulsion by coordinating T helper 2 cytokine responses, goblet hyperplasia, and acetylcholine responsiveness, which drive smooth muscle cell contractions

    Utilising Reflective Practice Groups as pedagogy in ordination training and theological development

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    This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Practical Theology on 3-5-19, available online: https://doi.org/10.1080/1756073X.2019.1609254With the Church of England's ([2014. Formation Criteria with Mapped Selection Criteria for Ordained Ministry in the Church of England. https://www.churchofengland.org/media/2139103/formationcriteriaforordainedministryapprovedhofbpsdec2014.docx]) recent formation criteria now requiring ordinands to have a greater degree of reflexive capability, this article considers the pedagogy of Reflective Practice Groups in ordination training and focuses on how reflexivity can be developed in a group context, towards fostering greater spiritual formation, theological reflection, self-awareness, relational practices for pastoral encounter, resilience and self-care practices for ministry. Some ā€˜foci for reflexivityā€™ are advocated for use within Reflective Practice Groups in ordination training

    The humanistic agenda: articulation

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    This article responds to the 'call to action' by emphasizing the importance of humanistic psychology 'articulating' with the mainstream institutions of society to exert its effect. The concept of 'articulation' is outlined and its relevance explored in relation to universities, professional associations, and purchasers, with examples drawn from work in Britain where person-centered therapy predominates over all other disciplines

    Further theoretical propositions in regard to self theory within person-centered therapy

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    Presents further theoretical propositions in regard to self theory within person-centered therap

    Problem-centered is not person-centered

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    In this paper I look at the relationship between person-centered therapy and a problem-centered world in which the medical model is applied to mental health. I reject the responses of either opting out of that mainstream or conforming to it. Instead, I take a principled stance that the person-centered paradigm has much to offer and that it therefore behoves us to establish it by a process of 'articulating' with the relevant institutions of society. In this paper I endeavor to retain the personal and provocative nature of the keynote presentation from which it derives

    Person-centered therapy today: New frontiers in theory and practice/ Mearns

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    xi, 239 hal. : 22 cm

    Person-centered therapy today: New frontiers in theory and practice/ Mearns

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    xi, 239 hal. : 22 cm

    Person-centered therapy today: New frontiers in theory and practice/ Mearns

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    xi, 239 hal. : 22 cm

    Working at relational depth in counselling and psychotherapy

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    Working at Relational Depth in Counselling and Psychotherapy goes to the very heart of the therapeutic meeting between therapist and client. Focusing on the concept of 'relational depth', Dave Mearns and Mick Cooper describe a form of encounter in which therapist and client experience profound feelings of contact and engagement with each other, and in which the client has an opportunity to explore whatever is experienced as most fundamental to her or his existence. Drawing from their own practice, interviews with therapists and a diverse range of theoretical and empirical sources, the authors address the key question of how therapists can meet their clients at a level of relational depth. Mearns and Cooper show how different aspects of the therapist combine to facilitate a relationally-deep encounter, highlight the various personal 'blocks' which may be encountered along the way, and introduce new therapeutic concepts - such as 'holistic listening' - which can help therapists to meet their clients at this level. Two powerful case studies - a client with a drink problem and a traumatised client - have been selected to illustrate key aspects of working at relational depth. Like many of the ideas discussed in this book, the case studies represent a challenge to conventional thinking about the therapist-client relationship and the nature of the therapeutic process. Eagerly awaited by many counsellors and psychotherapists, 'Working at Relational Depth in Counselling and Psychotherapy' is a source of fresh thinking and stimulating ideas about the therapeutic encounter which are relevant to trainees and practitioners of all orientations
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