Design And Analysis Of A Highly Sensitive Hybrid Dispersion-Compensated Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier

Optical amplifiers have a great impact on optical communications due to their ability to amplify light along the optical path. Thus optical amplifiers have become indispensable components in high-performance optical communication links. However, while optical amplifiers are effective in mitigating link power loss problems, they are conventionally unusable and irrelevant for another major fiber optic transmission which is dispersion. Compensation of dispersion is a necessity in high speed and/or long distance links. This is separately achieved by use of a dispersion compensator which is either of fiber optics based or fiber Bragg grating based. Thus there is clear need for an integrated system which can achieve both important functions at the same time.New designs have been envisaged and achieved in this thesis. It has shown a great enhancement in performing simultaneous function in amplifying the power as well as compensating the dispersion of the signal (Hybrid). The double-pass erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) with embedded chirped fiber Brag grating and as well as other filtering technique (optical Bragg grating) have been demonstrated and investigated. It is shown through simulations and by the hardware implementation that the new design is significantly better than that of existing double pass amplifier and double pass amplifier with tunable filter. There are two levels of tests carried out in this study; device level and system (transmission) level. At the device level, the performance parameters of the new configurations are thoroughly characterized showing improvement in gain, noise figure, and the output power, considering the effects of pump power, input signal level, and input signal wavelength. The device configuration is based on double-pass amplification with a Bragg grating employed as the reflector. The grating also serves as a filter suppressing the Amplified Spontaneous Noise from the signal. At the system level, the performance parameters investigated are power sensitivity, power penalty, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), eye amplitude, eye opening and jitter which all see a level of improvements, based on Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) system.A gain as high as 53.4dB, a noise figure of as low as 5.36dB, and sensitivity of -40dBm have been achieved at the BER of 10-12 for the transmission speed of 2.5Gbps. The new hybrid amplifier provides power gain improvement of 12.5 dB and 8.4 dB for single and multi channel system. The power penalty incurred by the new hybrid amplifier for single and multi channel system are 3.5 dB and 3.2 dB respectively. Comparisons are made against the conventional double pass amplifiers and back-to-back connection

A study on the cost of outage (electrical energy not served) in Selangor and Wilayah Persekutuan (WP) Kuala Lumpur / Norashidah Md Din, Md Zaini Jamaludin and Fatimah Ibrahim

This study involves determining the cost of outages (electrical energy not served) in WP Kuala Lumpur and Selangor. The cost of outage calculations was made for Peninsular Malaysia's major electricity consumers, i.e. the residential, commercial, industrial and mining sectors. The type of outage losses for each consumer group was ascertained. A survey was conducted to obtain the necessary data for the calculations. Samples were taken from districts or mukims in WP Kuala Lumpur and Selangor based on type-of-house for the residential sector, business categories for the commercial sector, type-of-product manufactured for the industrial sector and tin mining companies in operation

Performance comparison of AODV, DSDV and EE-DSDV routing protocol algorithm for wireless sensor network

This paper describes a preliminary study on wireless sensor network (WSN) routing protocol algorithm with focus on energy saving strategy.Efficient energy saving and consumption will ensure the lifespan of the battery are prolonged and the delay of transmitting data will be within the acceptable range of 300 meter by 300 meter network size.The routing protocol Ad-hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV), Destination Sequence Distance Vector (DSDV) and Energy Efficient Destination Sequence Distance Vector (EE-DSDV) were used in the study to compare the performance of the network in terms of maximum delay, throughput receive as well as the remaining energy in the network

Investigation of Multiwavelength Laser Performance based on Temperature Variation of PMF and different SOAs

We demonstrated a multiwavelength performance based on bidirectional Lyot filter at different temperature of polarization maintaining fiber (PMF) and semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs). The multiwavelength fiber laser (MWFL) based on bidirectional Lyot filter is not investigated thoroughly on its channel spacing tunability due to birefringence change. A channel spacing of this MWFL is tunable due to birefringence change of the PMF. The birefringence value of is changed by heating the PMF, that leads to narrower channel spacing. From the experimental data, the temperature coefficient based on PMF length of 53.2 m and 10.6 m is 0.49 ×10-3 nm/°C and 1.35 ×10-3 nm/°C, respectively, thus shorter PMF is more sensitive to temperature. We also investigated the multiwavelength performance at different SOAs. When the SOA from Qphotonics is changed to the SOA from Alphion, the extinction ratio is reduced from 15 dB to 8 dB. In terms of flatness value, the Qhotonics’s SOA has a flatter multiwavelength spectrum with only 1 dB of peak power difference from 1538 nm until 1541 nm as compared to 2.5 dB when using Alphion’s SOA

Enhanced Brillouin-erbium fiber laser with Brillouin pump pre-amplification technique

We demonstrate an enhanced multiwavelength Brillouin-Erbium comb fiber-laser in which the Brillouin-pump is pre-amplified before entering the single-mode fiber. By using this simple scheme, a lower external Brillouin pump power is required to create the Brillouin gain and suppress the laser cavity modes as compared to direct injection of Brillouin pump into the single-mode fiber. The proposed technique also demonstrates that the BEFL exhibits a wide tunability and can produce up to 27-stable output channels with 10.5 GHz channels spacing

Double-pass chirped Bragg grating erbium-doped fiber amplifier: improved transmission distance

The paper discussed on experimental result that improve the transmission distance by use of an integrated dispersion compensated double-pass erbium-doped fiber amplifier (DPC-EDFA). The chromatic dispersion compensation is achieved using chirped fiber Bragg grating as part of the EDFA design. The eye-pattern, eye-opening and timing jitter obtained using this technique shows an improvement equivalent to the distance of about 50km compared with the conventional double-pass EDFA (DP-EDFA)

A hybrid high-gain double-pass erbium-doped fiber amplifier with dispersion compensation feedback loop

A new double-pass erbium-doped fiber amplifier (DP-EDFA) using chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBG) is reported here showing a gain of 53.4 dB and noise figure (NF) of 5.36 dB. The proposed amplifier at the same time provides dispersion compensation through the use of CFBG

Compact long-wavelength band Brillouin-erbium fiber laser in a Fabry-Perot resonator

We demonstrate compact architecture of multiwavelength L-band Brillouin-Erbium fiber laser in a Fabry-Perot resonator. The laser architecture utilizes a double-pass Brillouin pump pre-amplification technique to increase the Brillouin gain efficiency. The proposed fiber laser structure is able to operate at shot length of single mode fiber and is able to produce high number of output channels with high peak output power. We are able to generate up to 13 and 25 output channels with a constant wavelength separation of 0.089 nm in a short single mode fiber of 0.1 km and 0.5 km respectively

Enhancement of Brillouin gain efficiency in multiwavelength L-band BEFL by utilizing bi-directional Brillouin pump amplification.

Enhancement of Brillouin gain efficiency in a multiwavelength L-band Brillouin-erbium comb fiber laser is presented. In this laser architecture, bi-directional amplification of the injected Brillouin pump signal within the erbium gain medium, before entering the single-mode fiber was utilized. Owing to this bi-directional pre-amplification of the Brillouin pump power, the requirement of a long single-mode fiber to increase the Brillouin gain efficiency was overcome. The shot length of a single-mode fiber was utilized to achieve a high number of output channels with high peak power. Up to 25 output channels with a constant wavelength separation of 0.089 nm were achieved at 170 mW of 1480 nm pump power and 0.54 mW of Brillouin pump power in a 0.5 km short single-mode fiber

Effect of PMF length to channel spacing tunability by temperature in multiwavelength fiber laser

A channel spacing tunability of multiwavelength fiber laser (MWFL) based on bidirectional Lyot filter and semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) is demonstrated. The birefringence value of polarization maintaining fiber (PMF) is temperature dependence, thus by heating the PMF, the channel spacing is narrower. From the experimental data, the temperature coefficient based on PMF length of 53.2 m and 10.6 m is 0.49 ×10-3 nm/°C and 1.35 ×10-3 nm/°C, respectively, thus shorter PMF is more sensitive to temperature