An assessment of trace metal pollution in coastal areas of Bangladesh

Abstracts of 2nd UNU-ORI joint international workshop for marine environment第2回海洋環境国際ワークショップ講演要

Psychological barriers in the acquisition of second language : a non-native perspective

Acquisition of second language (L2) learners especially non-native learners face several affective barriers. Affective barriers popularly known as psychological barriers pose a great obstacle potentially in the acquisition of second language. Anxiety, lack of confidence and limitation of adjustment to the changed environment make second language learners unnerving and ambivalent. Non-native learners feel shaky, overlapping and ambiguous in the perception and the production of second language. Likewise, teachers’ disinterest to promote learners rather positively enhances the scope of psychological crisis. Practically, learners do have a potential weakness on linguistic knowledge like four skills of English language and understanding the needs of students. The focus of this paper will be upon the identification of valid factors which in human psychology create obstruction to achieve mastery over language. In addition, realistic presentation of non-native learning context, affective conflict and constraints of motivation often lead to maximizing psychological barriers. In fact this paper will specifically deal with cross cultural viewpoints-native or non-native with analytic discussion

Quick Handover in 5G for High Speed Railways and Highways Using Forward Handover and PN Sequence Detection

The cellular users, on high speed railways andhighways, travel at a very high speed and follow a nearly straightpath, in general. Thus, they typically undergo a maximumfrequency of handovers in the cellular environment. This requiresa very fast triggering of the handover. In the existing method ofhandover in 5G cellular communication, for high speed users,neither the decision-making of handover nor the triggering ofhandover is sufficiently fast. This can lead to poor signal qualityand packet losses and in the worst case, radio link failure (RLF)during a handover. This paper proposes a forward handover basedmethod, combined with PN sequence detections, to facilitate aquicker handover for high speed users on railways and highways.The proposed method adds some complexity but can offer asignificant improvement in the overall handover delay. A simplisticsimulation is used to demonstrate the improvement of the proposedmethod

Quantifiable Assurance: From IPs to Platforms

Hardware vulnerabilities are generally considered more difficult to fix than software ones because they are persistent after fabrication. Thus, it is crucial to assess the security and fix the vulnerabilities at earlier design phases, such as Register Transfer Level (RTL) and gate level. The focus of the existing security assessment techniques is mainly twofold. First, they check the security of Intellectual Property (IP) blocks separately. Second, they aim to assess the security against individual threats considering the threats are orthogonal. We argue that IP-level security assessment is not sufficient. Eventually, the IPs are placed in a platform, such as a system-on-chip (SoC), where each IP is surrounded by other IPs connected through glue logic and shared/private buses. Hence, we must develop a methodology to assess the platform-level security by considering both the IP-level security and the impact of the additional parameters introduced during platform integration. Another important factor to consider is that the threats are not always orthogonal. Improving security against one threat may affect the security against other threats. Hence, to build a secure platform, we must first answer the following questions: What additional parameters are introduced during the platform integration? How do we define and characterize the impact of these parameters on security? How do the mitigation techniques of one threat impact others? This paper aims to answer these important questions and proposes techniques for quantifiable assurance by quantitatively estimating and measuring the security of a platform at the pre-silicon stages. We also touch upon the term security optimization and present the challenges for future research directions

Communicative Language Teaching: A Practical Scenario in the Context of Bangladesh

Communicative Language Teaching, popularly known as CLT, has become a newly adopted methodology in the teaching and learning context of Bangladesh. This methodology, since the initiation, has encountered and is still encountering a number of hurdles that need to be dealt with best care and feasible strategy. Of all methods, most of the educational institutes be- it secondary or higher secondary are inclined to accept and apply the CLT in classroom, though there has been a lack of resources, materials and language experts. Ignoring the reality, the policy makers would like to follow the other countries, though they are self-sufficient and self-dependent on their strategic plans and strong funds who have already executed CLT with success. This paper attempts to present the reality behind the implementation of CLT in the language teaching and learning environment and outlines the malpractices widely obvious in educational institutes of Bangladesh. This paper also focuses on the strategic points, data collection and analysis and probable remedy regarding the real picture of CLT in Bangladesh.Keywords: CLT, methodology, context, hurdles, Banglades

Speaking as anxiety in ielts examinations : a case study in the perspective of Bangladeshi examinees

Speaking is a good form of anxiety among IELTS examinees around the world. Examinees well efficient in speaking often fail to claim a good score in this particular kind of band. They think of it as a big hurdle to speak before an examiner, create own story for conversation and make understand the examiner what message and information he possesses. This scenario happens to both native and non-native speakers, though non-natives go through a great struggle in the way of speaking. The purpose of this paper is to highlight IELTS speaking as a form anxiety and stressful matter. IELTS candidates find speaking session non-interactive but a way of demonstration which leads the candidates towards obstacles in getting good score. In fact, speaking in IELTS examinations requires some specific techniques in which examinees can make a positive impression upon examiner’s minds overcoming all kinds of psychological barriers like stress, and anxiety and confusion in the way of speaking. This paper will focus on the anxieties in terms of IELTS speaking, scenario of speaking performance in IELTS and lack of speaking performance and possible remedies from psychological backdrops. In addition, this paper will concentrate on the conduction of research work in the context of Bangladeshi examinees where IELTS examination has become popular for many academic and professional or vocational reasons

Pedagogy in Speaking: Challenges Addressed by Teacher-Student in the ESL Context

Teaching speaking is perhaps one of the major challenges for teachers teaching in English as a Second Language (ESL) classroom environment. Like writing, speaking is not linear and easy approach to ensure the best utilization among learners.  Since speaking is a real life event and face to face conversation, it needs more sophisticated care, practice oriented session for the students and effective means to implement it in the ESL situation. Even language experts often grope to outline effective and mediocre way to help learners have a good understanding in speaking.  This paper attempts to delineate the focal points where teachers and students face problems in teaching and learning speaking. It immensely chalks out with methodological study, qualitative data analysis and the underlining factors ESL teachers face enormously in the pedagogy of speaking for second language learners. My paper will outline the pedagogical tenets of speaking in the realistic non-native set ups and diagnose the impediments faced by learners when they are supposed to speak and by teachers when they teach speaking for their students

Communicative Language Teaching: A Practical Scenario in the Context of Bangladesh

Communicative Language Teaching, popularly known as CLT, has become a newly adopted methodology in the teaching and learning context of Bangladesh. This methodology, since the initiation, has encountered and is still encountering a number of hurdles that need to be dealt with best care and feasible strategy. Of all methods, most of the educational institutes be- it secondary or higher secondary are inclined to accept and apply the CLT in classroom, though there has been a lack of resources, materials and language experts. Ignoring the reality, the policy makers would like to follow the other countries, though they are self-sufficient and self-dependent on their strategic plans and strong funds who have already executed CLT with success. This paper attempts to present the reality behind the implementation of CLT in the language teaching and learning environment and outlines the malpractices widely obvious in educational institutes of Bangladesh. This paper also focuses on the strategic points, data collection and analysis and probable remedy regarding the real picture of CLT in Bangladesh. Keywords: CLT, methodology, context, hurdles, Banglades

Language Testing: an Overview and Language Testing in Educational Institutions of Bangladesh

Test is procedures for measuring ability, knowledge or performance. Testing can be defined as a method of assessment and improvement of the students.  Language testing in any point is an extremely multifarious task that ought to be based on method as well as exercise. The results of assessments are used for one or more purposes. So they have an effect on those who are assessed and on those who use results. The knowledge of the fundamental doctrine of testing is important for the instructor, as instructors have to make test for the institution as well as for the candidates of the external examination. Many instructors to do have the right knowledge about testing so that the language test may have harmful effect on education any they fail to measure what they want to measure.  This study aimed mainly of clarifications of notions of testing system, its impacts on education process and the different steps for a qualified test development. This article also presents the characteristics of good test as well as it presents a study which is based on the university students about the test technique that is commonly used in educational institution of Bangladesh. This article will be helpful for the instructors to develop their testing system and make their teaching an effective one for the students.Keywords: Language testing, Evaluation and assessment, EFL contex