Wetland Conservation in Context of Climate Induced Changes: Bangladesh Perspective

Geographic location and Geo-morphological conditions of Bangladesh have made the country one of the most weather vulnerable ones to wetlands in context of climate induced changes. Bangladesh is a land of wetland which occupies around 50% of the country. Wetlands play a crucial role in maintaining the ecological balance of ecosystems and cultural figures as well, but wetland habitats of Bangladesh is under constant threats due to climate induced changes and anthropogenic activities. Climate change, however, is causing acceleration in the rise of sea level, which would seemingly put wetlands at risk of excessive calamities. Drought, excessive temperature, mountain snowfields and glaciers melting, riverbank erosion, salinity intrusion, flash-flood, storm surges, higher water temperature, magnitude of precipitation change, coastal cyclones. Seasonal anomalies and extremes are main threats to the wetland ecosystem. As a result biodiversity is reducing, many species of flora and fauna are threatened, wetlands-based ecosystem is degenerating, and the living conditions of local people are deteriorating as livelihoods, socioeconomic institutions, and extensive cultural values as well. Technology, legislation, educational knowledge, action plan strategy, conservation practices are required to manage wetlands. Therefore, Bangladesh now needs a comprehensive approaches, strategy and integrated system combining political, economic, social, technological and institutional supports to address sustainable wetland conservation and the newly added crisis, climate change

A Minimally Supervised Word Sense Disambiguation Algorithm Using Syntactic Dependencies and Semantic Generalizations

Natural language is inherently ambiguous. For example, the word "bank" can mean a financial institution or a river shore. Finding the correct meaning of a word in a particular context is a task known as word sense disambiguation (WSD), which is essential for many natural language processing applications such as machine translation, information retrieval, and others. While most current WSD methods try to disambiguate a small number of words for which enough annotated examples are available, the method proposed in this thesis attempts to address all words in unrestricted text. The method is based on constraints imposed by syntactic dependencies and concept generalizations drawn from an external dictionary. The method was tested on standard benchmarks as used during the SENSEVAL-2 and SENSEVAL-3 WSD international evaluation exercises, and was found to be competitive

Identification, Molecular Detection and Antibiogram Profile of Bacteria Isolated from California Mastitis Test Positive Milk Samples of Crossbred Cows of Satkhira District in Bangladesh

Present study was conducted for the isolation, identification, molecular detection and antibiotic sensitivity patterns of the bacteria present in the California Mastitis Test (CMT) positive milk samples of clinical and sub-clinical mastitic crossbred (Friesian cross and Sahiwal cross) cows of Satkhira district. A total number of 598 quarters milk samples from 150 cows were tested by CMT kit, among them 82 quarters from 52 cows were positive for CMT. The bacteria isolated from 52 CMT positive milk samples were coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus 27 (49.09%) followed by Escherichia coli 15 (27.27%), coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CNS) spp. 10 (18.18%) and Bacillus spp. 3 (5.45%) respectively. In this present study only 13 (48.15%) positive Staphylococcus aureus were positive against nuc gene by PCR. All the isolates of E.coli were further confirmed by PCR with species specific 16srRNA PCR. None of the isolates of E.coli revealed positivity in PCR by stx1 and stx2 genes. All the coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus isolates were found sensitive to 6 antibiotics and resistant to 5 antibiotics. The Coagulase negative Staphylococcus spp. was also sensitive to 7 antibiotics and acquired resistant properties against 3 antibiotics. Most E.coli isolates were found resistant against 9 antibiotics already possessed multidrug resistant properties and sensitive to only 3 antibiotics. Bacillus spp. isolated from milk samples was highly sensitive against 5 antibiotics compare to other antibiotics of the panel. Antibiogram profile of this study revealed that, all the isolated bacteria were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin only

LEARNER ACUMENS OF ONLINE EFL CLASSES AT THE PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES IN BANGLADESH

This study intended to evaluate the English as Foreign Language (EFL) learner responses to online classes during the covid-19 pandemic. It focused on the learner's insights rather than the teachers' views because the purpose is how the large population deals with technology during this pandemic. Though teachers are the real fighters, they are in a vacuum without the students' engagement. Therefore, this study showed EFL learners' readiness of using technology in attending online classes and what barriers they face during assessment and classes. It examined whether students can participate in group discussions, pair work, online assessment, respond to class, build their rapport, and get proper feedback or not. Data were collected randomly using a google form questionnaire having five elementary questions, fifteen Likert-type questions from 92 students of five private universities in Bangladesh. Besides, five questions were finally added to have an overview of multiple response analyses. Some imperative variables of flexibility, reliability, availability, and integrity regarding online classes were brought into light with descriptive analysis. Finally, the data were analysed in a qualitative approach. It shows that learners attending online courses and assessments are diverse regarding the availability of required facilities, and the students are having difficulties participating in online examinations. The result further implicates ensuring an intelligent learning environment in the 'new normal period' with more efficacy. Article visualizations

Mode interactions in photonic crystal nano-cavity arrays

This thesis report is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis report.Includes bibliographical references (page 44-45).Over the last few decades Photonic Crystals (PhCs) have enjoyed immense attention from engineers, physicists and other interested parties due to its unique characteristics and its promise to revolutionize optical communication technologies. PhCs are made of dielectric materials periodic in one, two, or three dimensions and can exhibit photonic band gaps to certain frequencies. Therefore, it can be used to trap or guide “light” of certain frequencies within it. This thesis uses this very idea to construct a Photonic Crystal Slab (PCS) of finite thickness using photonic band gap maps, where air holes are introduced to create the periodicity. Cavity arrays are formed by manipulating the properties of certain air holes and the interactions between the modes within the cavity are analyzed. Two types of cavities are formed- one consisting of similar defects and one consisting of dissimilar defects. The software used for this thesis is Rsoft CAD Suit and the simulation tools used are BandSOLVE and FullWAVE.Efaz Karim, Ehsanul Alam Sabbir, Md. Raisul Islam ShantoB. Electrical and Electronic Engineerin

Agarwood manufacturing: a multidisciplinary opportunity for economy of Bangladesh - a review

A variety of methods, ranging from natural to artificial, which have been practiced for producing agarwood and the economic opportunity related with this field in Bangladesh were reviewed. The anatomy of agar tree was also described. Agarwood is the fragrant resin-infused wood derived from the wounded trees of Aquilaria species. It is a valuable non-timber forest product used in fragrances and medicine. Artificial agarwood inducing methods serve as a way to supply agarwood and conserve the wild Aquilaria stock. The existing artificial methods are Nailing, Drilling, Aeration, Agar-wit, Partly-Trunk-Pruning, Burning-Chisel-Drilling, Fungi-Inoculation, etc. The quality of agar mostly depends on the plant species and the fungal species, as well as certain other unknown factors. Agar is a new commercial tree in Bangladesh, necessary steps should be taken immediately to make it popular among farmers and small entrepreneurs. Substantial amount of foreign currency would be saved through manufacture and export of agarwood

Freshwater icthyo-faunal checklist of Roktodaho Beel in Bangladesh: Threats and conservation

A checklist of the native fishes of the Roktodaho beel of Adamdighi and Raninagar Upazila under the Bogura and Naogaon districts of Bangladesh, where data were collected monthly by field survey, focus group discussions, and personal interviews by using a semi-structured questionnaire and a pictorial check list of fish species from a professional fishing boat caught by different nets, traps, and hooks from July 2021 to June 2022. A total of 36 species under 8 orders belonging to 19 families were recorded, of which 29%, 28%, 25%, and 8% were available, seasonal, rare, and very rare, respectively. Among those, 8 fish species (22.22%) were in the threatened category (1 critically endangered, 2 endangered, and 5 vulnerable), according to the IUCN Bangladesh. Notably, the globally threatened Channa orientalis and Wallago attu were available in the study area. According to their place of residence, 24 (66.67%) of the fish were floodplain residents except Glossogobius giuris, which is a mixed residence (reverine, estuarine, and floodplain) species. This residence status of fish indicates that the species have chosen their ideal environment. Dewatering, katha fishing, and the use of unlicensed technology were the main dangers. Creating and maintaining fish sanctuaries, reducing human effects, passing fishing regulations, and increasing consciousness may all help to preserve the current supply of fish. Strategies for restoration must be performed in the Roktodaho beel to preserve the fish range