Organoleptic qualities and proximate composition of fish grown in good aquaculture practice-based carp fattening pond

Organoleptic qualities and proximate composition of fish grown in carp fattening pond were studied under three treatments of feed and fertiliser management. Treatment T1 was designed with the use of organic fertiliser and stocking of silver carp, T2 with both organic and inorganic fertilisers and silver carp and T3 with both organic and inorganic fertilisers but excluding silver carp. One day in a week feeding restriction was followed in all the treatments.  Fishes were stocked with a stocking density of 2470 fishes ha–1. Three fishes (Gibelion catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus cirrhosus) were selected for organoleptic and proximate assessment. Cyanobacteria along with total phytoplankton cell density was significantly higher at treatment T2 followed by T3 and T1. However, in terms of productivity (Chl-a) treatment T2 was 27.1 and 13.3% higher compared to T1 and T3 respectively. Parameters assessed for proximate composition analysis did not vary across treatments and organoleptic test revealed comparatively higher acceptability of fishes collected from treatment T1 followed by T2 and T3 for all the fishes. Overall acceptability was higher for L. rohita from treatment T1. This study concluded that, inorganic fertilisation along with silver carp can improve the organoleptic properties of carps in pond

Multivariate Joint Models and Dynamic Predictions

The joint modeling of longitudinal and time-to-event data is an active area of statistical research that has received a lot of attention. The standard joint models, referred to as univariate joint models, allow simultaneous modeling of a single longitudinal outcome and a single time-to-event under an assumption of independent censoring. The majority of the joint modeling research in the last two decades has focused on extending and improving the univariate joint models. While many of the practical applications involve data on multivariate longitudinal outcomes and multiple timeto- events possibly informatively censored by some other terminal time-to-event, the developments of joint models to analyze such complex data structure have not received deserved attention. One other area of statistical joint modeling methods that remained understudied is the joint analysis of multivariate longitudinal outcomes and multiple ordered time-to-events. The joint models for recurrent events in existing literature can be applied to analyze ordered time-to-events of the same type under an assumption that all occurrences of the time-to-event are homogeneously influenced by the covariates. However, in problems of ordered time-to-events of different types or of the same kind where different occurrences may be impacted differently by the covariates, the current methods may not be applied. Given the limitations in the existing body of joint modeling literature, this research work aims to present joint modeling extensions with the potentials of filling in the noted literature gaps. In Chapter 2 of this dissertation, we presented a shared parameters Bayesian latent trait joint frailty model for analyzing multivariate longitudinal outcomes and multiple unordered non-terminal time-to-events in the presence of a terminal event inducing dependent right censoring. We adopted a semiparametric latent trait generalized mixed-effects approach to define the longitudinal submodel. Semiparametric hazard regression models are used to model the non-terminal and terminal time-to-event risks with multivariate non-terminal event frailties to account for the inter-event associations. Chapter 4 introduces an extension of the joint model presented in Chapter 2 for multivariate longitudinal outcomes and multiple ordered time-to-events. For both the proposed models, Bayesian approaches of parameter estimation are discussed, and Bayesian Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) dynamic prediction algorithms for longitudinal outcomes and time-to-event risks are outlined. The finite sample performances of the parameter estimation methods and dynamic prediction algorithms are studied through statistical simulations for both the proposed models. Before presenting the joint frailty model for multiple ordered time-to-events in Chapter 4, we revisited a long-studied problem of estimating the survival functions for multiple ordered time-to-events in Chapter 3. Given the complexities and unbecomingness under certain assumptions of the current methods, we discussed two straightforward and easy to compute approaches of estimating survival functions of multiple ordered time-to-events. The first approach is non-parametric, based on Kaplan-Meier survival estimates, and assumes independence between the consecutive event times to estimate the marginal survival curves. The second approach is fully parametric, assumes the consecutive event gap times to be log-normally distributed, and estimates the marginal and conditional survival functions when the consecutive event times may not be expected to be independent. Simulations studies were performed to evaluate the finite sample properties of both the non-parametric and parametric approaches at different sample sizes and censoring rates. In addition to the extensive simulation studies, we have demonstrated applications of all the proposed joint models, and survival function estimation approaches using statewide surveillance data from South Carolina (SC) HIV/AIDS patients

Determination of suitable species combination for good aquaculture practice based carp fattening in ponds under drought prone barind area of Bangladesh

Increased temperature, decreased water level and reduced culture period of the ponds with lack of guidelines in selecting appropriate stocking size, density and combination of species are major constraints for safe production of fattening based carps in drought prone barind area of Bangladesh. In order to address these problems, an experiment was conducted during July-December, 2018 to determine the suitable species combination for fattening ponds of overwintered carps in Tanore upazila (sub district) of Rajshahi district, Bangladesh. Three different combinations of surface (G. catla and H. molitrix), column (L. rohita) and bottom (C. cirrhosus and C. carpio var. specularis) feeding carp species were tested under 3 treatments (T1, T2 and T3), each with 3 replications: T1 (Surface-30%, column-40%, and bottom-30%), T2 (Surface-40%, column-30%, and bottom-30%) and T3 (Surface-35%, column-35%, and bottom-30%). Application of good aquaculture practices in the studied ponds was found to improve the environmental conditions of pond. Significantly (P< 0.05) highest fish yield was obtained from treatment T2 which was 21.47% and 11.89% higher than T1 and T3, respectively.  Significantly (P<0.05) highest cost benefit ratio was recorded with treatment T2 (0.42±0.02) followed by T3 (0.31±0.01) and T1 (0.21±0.01), respectively. Inclusion of appropriate number of fishes at different water layers of pond favoured the yield and economics of carp fattening. The study also suggests focusing on optimal stocking density together with the formulation of low cost feed for carp fattening in ponds under barind area of Bangladesh

Fish growth, yield and economics of conventional feed and weed based polyculture in ponds

Fish growth, yield and economics of polyculture were evaluated for six months from April to September, 2011 in ponds of Kushtia district, Bangladesh under 4 treatments of feeds and weeds as T0: rice bran, wheat bran and mustard oilcake; T1: Azolla; T2: Grass and T3: Banana leaf. Each treatment had 3 replications. Mean initial stocking weight of fishes like Hypophthalmichthyes molitrix, Catla catla, Labeo rohita, Cirrhinus mrigala, Cyprinus carpio, Ctenopharyngodon idella and Barbonymus gonionotus was 62, 64, 57, 54, 63, 65 and 25 g, respectively. Stocking density (11,115 fishes/ha), liming (250 kg/ha), basal fertilization (Cowdung, 1,500 kg/ha; urea, 60 kg/ha; and Triple Super Phosphate, TSP 60 kg/ha) and periodic fertilization (Urea, 2.5 kg/ha/day; TSP, 2.5 kg/ha/day) were same for all the treatments. Water quality parameters (water temperature, transparency, dissolved oxygen, pH, alkalinity and free carbon dioxide) were monitored fortnightly and fish growth parameters (weight gain and Specific Growth Rate, SGR) were monitored monthly. Treatments did not vary significantly for the mean water quality parameters. Treatment T0 varied more significantly for the mean final weight,  weight gain, SGR, survival rate and yield for almost all the species except C. idella and B. gonionotus. Significantly highest CBR was recorded with treatment T1

A Monetary Model of Inflation for Bangladesh, 1974-1985

A model of inflation for Bangladesh is developed and estimated for the period 1974:2—1985:4, in line with the monetary approach and based on the hypothesis that any disequilibrium in the real money-market adjusts itself through changes in the price level, but not instantaneously. Changes in the prices of traded goods in the international market, real permanent income, real money stock, one period lagged rate of inflation, and changes in the terms of trade between traded and non-traded goods are found to be the major determinants of inflation in Bangladesh.

Production and economics of Gangetic mystus (Mystus cavasius) farming under different feed restriction periods in cages of floodplain ecosystem

High feed cost is a major problem for the promotion of a nutrient rich fish like Gangetic mystus (Mystus cavasius) in cages under floodplain ecosystem. To address this problem, production and economics of cage farming of Gangetic mystus were evaluated under different feed restriction periods in Atrai River of Chalan Beel. Four feed restriction periods were tested in floating cages under four different treatments (T1-0 day i.e., regular feeding, T2-1 day, T3-2 days, and T4-3 days feed restriction per week). Fish were fed twice daily with commercial floating pellet containing 32% protein. Water quality parameters (water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and ammonia-nitrogen) were within the suitable range for fish culture. Final weight, weight gain, % weight gain, average daily gain, specific growth rate and survival rate were found significantly higher at treatment T1 whereas a better feed conversion ratio was observed in T2. Significantly higher fish production and benefit were also obtained from treatment T2. The present study concluded that Gangetic mystus with a stocking density of 50 fish m–3 fed with 32% protein containing feed maintaining 1 day feeding restriction per week are economically feasible for cage culture in running water

Fractal dimension of fractal functions on the real projective plane

In this article, we consider an iterated functions system on the non-Euclidean real projective plane which has a linear structure. Then, we study the fractal dimension of the associated curve as a subset of the projective space and like a set of the Euclidean space. At the end, we initiate a dual real projective iterated function system and pose an open problem

Fractal functions on the real projective plane

Formerly the geometry was based on shapes, but since the last centuries this founding mathematical science deals with transformations, projections and mappings. Projective geometry identifies a line with a single point, like the perspective on the horizon line and, due to this fact, it requires a restructuring of the real mathematical and numerical analysis. In particular, the problem of interpolating data must be refocused. In this paper we define a linear structure along with a metric on a projective space, and prove that the space thus constructed is complete. Then we consider an iterated function system giving rise to a fractal interpolation function of a set of data.Comment: 25 pages, 18 figure

A STUDY TO EVALUATE USERS’ SATISFACTION OF BLACKBOARD LEARN

This study summarizes and reports first-time users’ satisfaction of a Blackboard Learn user interface that had been adopted as an online/blended teaching-learning management tool. Users’ satisfaction was measured in terms of the overall consistency, ease of use, universability, positive aspects, and problems/limitations of the Blackboard Learn user interface. Data were collected through a number of 5-point Likert scale type items using an online survey. The survey also gathered participants’ gender and major area of study to determine if there exists any significant difference in their satisfaction, among the possible groups in these measures. Results revealed that first-time Blackboard Learn users are most likely overall satisfied in using it without any significant difference among male vs. female; and engineering vs. non-engineering major users. Blackboard users are satisfied with a number of its advanced features, although they have reported some noticeable problems, limitations, and recommendations

UGROŽENE VRSTE RIBA U SVIJETU: Eutropiichthys vacha (Hamilton, 1822) (Siluriformes: Schilbeidae)

River catfish Eutropiichthys vacha is one of the foods high in nutritional value in Asian countries. However, natural populations have seriously declined or are on the verge of extinction due to over-exploitation and various ecological changes in its natural habitats, leading to an alarming situation which deserves high conservation attention. This paper suggests conservation measures that should be taken into account towards the preservation of the remnant isolated population of E. vacha in Asian countries.Riječni som, Eutropiichthys vacha, služi kao komercijalno visoka, nutritivno vrijedna hrana u azijskim zemljama. Međutim, prirodne populacije ozbiljno su opale ili su na rubu izumiranja zbog prekomjernog iskorištavanja i raznih ekoloških promjena u svojim prirodnim staništima, što dovodi do alarmantne situacije te je potreban visok stupanj zaštite. U radu se predlažu mjere zaštite koje treba uzeti u obzir kako bi se očuvao ostatak izolirane populacije E. vacha u azijskim zemljama