Detection of low metal landmines using EMI

Electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensors have been used extensively to locate buried landmines by detecting the metal present in such mines. Near field, EMI sensing from 10’s Hz up to 100’s of kHz has been successful in detecting metallic target. However, landmines vary in their construction from metal-cased varieties with a large mass of metal to plastic-cased varieties with minute amounts of metal. Unfortunately, there is often a significant amount of metallic debris (clutter) present in the environment. Consequently, EMI sensors that utilize traditional detection algorithms based solely on the metal content suffer from high false alarm rates. EMI sensors usually consist of a pair of coils, one of which is used to transmit either a broadband pulse or a continuous wideband electromagnetic waveform. The transmitted field induces a secondary current in the earth as well as in any buried conducting objects. In the case of pulsed excitation, the transmit waveform is quenched quickly and the receiving coil measures the decaying secondary field that has been induced in the earth and subsurface objects. In the case of wideband excitation, the receiving coil is placed within the magnetic cavity so that it senses only the weak secondary field radiated by the earth and buried objects. The phenomenology associated with EMI has been studied extensively. A simple phenomenological model that describes the measured time-domain waveform as a weighted sum of decaying exponentials has been shown to provide an accurate model for such sensors. In general, the decay rates associated with metallic objects are slower than that of the earth, so there is more energy in the received signal when a metallic object is present under the surface of the earth. This simple phenomenology allows very basic signal processing to be employed, for example either an energy detector or the overall amplitude of the signal in a given time gate, may be used when the goal is to detect any metallic subsurface object. However, in highly cluttered sites, such processing can be the source of many alarms

Inductive proximity sensor for metal detection

Proximity sensor is among the oldest electronic parts in automation history. The recent research and progress of inductive proximity wave (IPS) sensor has grown with various demands of the domain. The IPS sensors have several unique benefits, such as light weight, small size, and immune to adverse environmental conditions and have a high switching rate for rapid response specifications. Means that, with the ability to detect at close range, IPS is a very useful for precision measurement applications

Small Scale Non-Invasive Imaging Using Magnetic Induction Tomography - Hardware Design

This study is conducted to preliminary image the conductivity profile through the development of small scale non-invasive Magnetic Induction Tomography (MIT) system.  It is proved that the Magnetic Induction Tomography interested in mapping the passive electrical properties of materials; conductivity (σ), permittivity (ε) and permeability (µ) in both process and medical tomography.  The system is realized by designing the functional ferrite-core coil sensors, electronic measurements circuits for excitation and receiving coil, data acquisition system for transferring the data to the PC and suitable image reconstruction algorithm for providing the conductivity distributions measurement. The important characteristic for excitation coil is the one that can maintain the stability the optimum sine wave frequency ranging from 400 kHz up to 10 MHz.  The sine waves are fed to the excitation coil through the application of high current amplifier component respectively. In the experiments, the copper phantom represent as high conductivity material were placed into the region of interest.  The initial 16 channel MIT consists of 8 excitation coil and 8 receiving coil stacked alternately.  On the receiving circuit, the major problem is the weak secondary signal perturbation sensed by the receiving coil has been improved by placing the variable amplifier on each receiver. The enhancement of conductivity profile imaging has been made by using a common Linear Back Projection (LBP) algorithm.  The measurement was done on single and dual arrangement of copper phantom aligns in random coordinate so that the sensitivity of the excitation and receiving coil sensor can be experimentally observed.  The imaging’s results show that the hardware’s and algorithm used was capable to process the data captured at the receiver.  The results obtained can be useful for further improvement and research towards magnetic induction tomography

Virtual screening, molecular docking, molecular dynamics, and MM-GBSA approaches identify prospective fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase inhibitors from pineapple for diabetes management

Diabetes affects millions globally and poses treatment challenges. Targeting the enzyme fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) in gluconeogenesis and exploring plant-based therapies offer potential solutions for improving diabetes management while supporting sustainability and medicinal advancements. Utilizing pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr.) waste as a source of drug precursors could be valuable for health and environmental care due to its medicinal benefits and abundant yearly biomass production. Therefore, this study conducted a virtual screening to identify potential natural compounds from pineapple that could inhibit FBPase activity. A total of 112 compounds were screened for drug-likeness and ADMET properties, and molecular docking simulations were performed on 20 selected compounds using blind docking. The lead compound, butane-2,3-diyl diacetate, was subjected to 100 ns MD simulations, revealing a binding energy of −5.4 kcal/mol comparable to metformin (−5.6 kcal/mol). The MD simulation also confirmed stable complexes with crucial hydrogen bonds. Glu20, Ala24, Thr27, Gly28, Glu29, Leu30, Val160, Met177, Asp178, and Cys179 were identified as key amino acids that stabilized the human liver FBPase-butane-2,3-diyl diacetate complex, while Tyr215 and Asp218 played a crucial role in the human liver FBPase-Metformin complex. Our study indicates that the lead compound has high intestinal solubility. Therefore, it would show rapid bloodstream distribution and effective action on the target protein, making butane-2,3-diyl diacetate a potential antidiabetic drug candidate. However, further investigations in vitro, preclinical, and clinical trials are required to thoroughly assess its efficacy and safety

Corrosion detection using piezoelectric wafer active sensors

In everyday life, the various sectors and activities are vulnerable to the effects of corrosion such as water supply sector, the industrial sector involving pipelines and oil and gas sectors. Reaction of electrochemical oxidation of the metal in reaction with an oxidant such as oxygen or sulfur is the main cause of corrosion. The various studies carried out to determine whether the condition of a material can be used or dangerous to use. Currently, there are two categories that are appropriate to solve this problem that is internal or external inspection. The first category of internal inspection, scanning is focused on one point, which is a method common to use the pipeline; it's mounted on a rotating transducer. The second category is the external inspection, this method is able to scan the parallel point, but when pipes are in use have the insulator, the insulator must be removable for the purpose of scanning and reinstall when finished scanning [1]. There are various methods that have been used in improving the reading count this corrosion. Among these are pitch-catch method that is used to detect corrosion on aluminum structures, pulse-echo method to detect corrosion in pipes and guided ultrasonic waves combined with BEM numerical simulation is used to detect hidden corrosion [2]. This paper will present multiple modes in-situ method using Piezoelectric Wafer Active Sensors transducers with impedance, pitch-catch and pulse-echo damage detection method for either corrosion or cracks in metallic plate structures [3] [4]

Traditional herbal interventions for premenstrual syndrome management: a comprehensive literature review

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) causes severe physical and emotional health problems in many women. Due to concerns regarding the potentially harmful effects of conventional treatments, there has been an increased interest in exploring alternative medicines, mainly traditional herbal remedies. This comprehensive literature review employed a rigorous methodology involving extensive data collection from databases such as Scopus®, Web of Science®, and PubMed®, as well as respected publishers like Oxford University Press, Elsevier, Springer Nature, and others. The study examines the properties and potential benefits of Cyperus rotundus, Curcuma longa (turmeric), Aloe vera, Angelica sinensis (Dong Quai), Zingiber officinale (ginger), Crocus sativus (saffron), and Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) in the context of PMS management. It is important to note that these traditional herbs offer diverse therapeutic properties, which can effectively address both the physical and emotional symptoms of PMS. These herbal interventions have notable analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as mood-enhancing and adaptogenic qualities. As promising and versatile alternatives to conventional medications, it is essential to conduct further research to prove their efficacy, safety, and ideal use fully. This calls for extensive clinical trials, mechanistic analyses to reveal their mechanisms of action, the creation of standardized formulations, and the adoption of a patient-centered strategy that considers unique preferences and needs. It is possible to significantly improve the holistic approach to PMS management by realizing the full potential of these conventional herbal treatments. This study highlights the vital importance of these herbal interventions in PMS management, ultimately providing women with safer options for PMS relief and an enhanced quality of life

Stability test for NaI(TI) scintillation detector

The objective of this endeavor is to present a brief description of a stability test performed on a NaI(TI) scintillation detector to determine its most suitable operating voltage range. The Chi-square test is used to check the reliability of the data obtained. Some test results are included

Review of wire-mesh tomography in different experiments

Wire-mesh tomography is completely new to the tomography field. First founded in 1998, the wire-mesh tomography had been used in several sectors as secondary optional sensors. This sensor can be used to gain void fraction distribution in multiphase flow visualization. By using tomography techniques, several measurements like velocity or phase fraction boundaries can be determined and analysed. The sensor basically built perpendicularly as transmitter and receiver layer located above and below respectively. With wires made of tinned copper and 16 sensors for each layer, the tomography is considered low-cost, easy built and can sustain in a harsh environment to investigate multiphase flow. As an instantaneous tomography method, wire-mesh tomography has advantage in speed but has less image resolution because classic wire-mesh tomography image reconstruction methods only provide same amount of pixels as measurement number. In order to increase image resolution, a new image reconstruction method based on sensitivity map is proposed, which is of providing more pixels (sub pixels) by solving inverse problem with capacitive wire-mesh tomography image reconstruction. The image reconstruction algorithms, including the traditional wire-mesh direct image reconstruction algorithm, the linear back projection, the projected Landweber iteration, and the total variation based iteration, are conducted and the results are compared each other

Wire-mesh tomography sensors for multiphase flow investigations

Wire-mesh tomography is new to the tomography field. First founded in 1998, the wire-mesh tomography had been used in several sectors as secondary optional sensors. The wire-mesh sensor can be used to gain void fraction distribution in multiphase flow visualization. By using tomography techniques, several measurements like velocity or phase fraction boundaries can be determined and analysed. The sensor basically built perpendicularly as transmitter and receiver layer located above and below respectively. The sensor wires are made of copper and 16 sensors for each layer, those sensors are considered low-cost, easy built and withstand a harsh environment to investigate multiphase flow. Traditional wire-mesh tomography image reconstruction methods only supply the same number of pixels as the measurement number, therefore wire-mesh sensors have a speed benefit but a lower image resolution. The findings from the previous experiments indicate difference in capacitance and other factors on the output

Wire mesh tomography system for horizontal two-phase fluid flow investigation

Simultaneous flow of liquid and gas is commonly found in process industries, such as petroleum pipeline transport, chemical process, oil and gas pipeline transport and many more. Phase distribution monitoring and visualizing for such flow is important to ensure the operation safeness and effectiveness. This study aims to investigate wire-mesh tomography system on solid-free two-phase flow monitoring and visualization. Experiment was conducted on a horizontal liquid/gas flow with an inner diameter of 84mm. A 16 x 16 wire-mesh sensor was designed and applied in this study to obtained the raw data from the target flow. The sensor worked together with transceiver circuit and data acquisition and image reconstruction software to visualize the flow condition and void fraction. Tomogram images were resulted as the final results of this experiment