Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC); A New Approach of Energy Generation during the Pandemic COVID-19

The new coronavirus (COVID-19) has started spreading all over the world. Every infected is fighting to recover a little and every health worker is fighting to save a single life in this pandemic. There is no place for patients to stay in the hospital, health workers are given all possible services to save their lives. In this situation, uninterrupted power system is needed, which can be supplied by solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Therefore, solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are becoming attractive day by day with competing environmental friendly energy sources due to high energy efficiency, low emission rate and comparatively low operating cost. The purpose of this work is to investigate how copper-doped perovskite electrode materials impact the performance of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) to overcome such crucial times successfully. Different synthesis process of Cu-based electrodes and analyzing electrochemical properties were investigated in this work. The evaluation were performed in terms of synthesis process, sintering temperature, lattice type and parameters, electrical conductivity, thermal expansion coefficients (TEC), polarization resistance, activation energy, and power density. In order to provide additional energy during this pandemic COVID-19, low-cost, highly performed, and durable materials are needed to make SOFC

Neutron and X-ray powder diffraction data to determine the structural properties of novel layered perovskite PrSrMn2O5+δ

The data presented in this article are related to the formation of a novel layered perovskite oxide material, PrSrMn2O5+δ, through a solid-state synthesis route. Here, we present the high-resolution neutron powder diffraction and the X-ray powder diffraction data at room temperature. The new perovskite material crystallizes in the orthorhombic symmetry. Interpretation of this data can be found in a research article titled “Insight of novel layered perovskite PrSrMn2O5+δ: A neutron powder diffraction study” (Shammya et al., 2019) [1]

Analysis on Preparation, Application, and Recycling of Activated Carbon to Aid in COVID-19 Protection

Activated carbon (AC) is an extremely porous carbonaceous adsorptive substance which has a rigid carbon matrix with high surface area and broad functional groups. The structure is connected by chemical bonds; arranged irregularly, generating a highly porous arrangement of corners, crevices, claps, and cracks between the carbon layers. Activated carbons are produced high-temperature and chemical activation of waste biomass. The pores in the lattice network of activated carbon permit the removal of impurities from gaseous and liquid medium through adsorption. At present, the COVID-19 disease is the prime concern around the whole world because of its exponential infections and death rate. There is no medicine for this virus, and protection is the only remedy to survive from this contagious disease. Using a face mask is one of the best methods to get rid of COVID-19. The mask combined with activated carbon can be beneficial for adsorbing and disinfecting the virus as it is the versatile adsorbent for the elimination of the organic, inorganic, and pathogenic contaminants

Synthesis and Structural Study of a Novel La0.67Ca0.33Cr0.9Cu0.1O3-δ Anode for Syngas-Fuelled Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is an alternative energy generation device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy from the use of hydrogen or hydrogen-rich fuel. A light hydrocarbon, e.g. methane (CH4), is a hydrogen-rich fuel that can be used as an alternative fuel to hydrogen in SOFC application. Carbon-containing fuel is accessible from natural gas, biogas, biomass gasification, etc. Biomass gasification produces methane, hydrogen (H2), etc. as syngas products which could be integrated with SOFC. As anode is an outer layer of SOFC which exposes to fuel, the development of anode for carbon-containing fuel application is essential. Conventional Ni-containing anode is found to create carbon deposition which degrades the cell. The replacement of copper (Cu) to Ni has been studied to enhance the direct electrochemical oxidation of dry hydrocarbons which is free from carbon deposition. With the interest of Cu doping, a La-based anode has been doped with 10 % Cu at B-site of perovskite structure as La0.67Ca0.33Cr0.9Cu0.1O3-δ and studied the X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) for future application in syngas-fuelled SOFC

COVID-19 Prevention: Role of Activated Carbon

Recently, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has brought the whole world into a pandemic condition, where the number of infected cases and deaths is exponentially high. A number of vaccines are available for this novel virus, but these are in the preliminary stage and are also not available to everyone. As the virus is very contagious, protection and prevention are the best way to survive and get rid of this disease. The virus affects the human body by entering through the nose, mouth, and eyes, so face protection with an appropriate mask is highly advisable. Combined masks made with activated carbon (AC) can effectively adsorb the virus because of its high surface area and broad functional groups. Such combined masks can also control coronavirus transmission by capturing harmful gases and smoke as they help in decreasing the spread of the viru

Improved mechanical strength, proton conductivity and power density in an ‘all-protonic’ ceramic fuel cell at intermediate temperature

The authors AA and NR would like to thank Universiti Brunei Darussalam for providing a UGS scholarship to perform this research. This work was supported by the UBD CRG project: UBD/OVACRI/CRGWG(006)/161201.Protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs) have become the most efficient, clean and cost-effective electrochemical energy conversion devices in recent years. While significant progress has been made in developing proton conducting electrolyte materials, mechanical strength and durability still need to be improved for efficient applications. We report that adding 5 mol% Zn to the Y-doped barium cerate-zirconate perovskite electrolyte material can significantly improve the sintering properties, mechanical strength, durability and performance. Using same proton conducting material in anodes, electrolytes and cathodes to make a strong structural backbone shows clear advantages in mechanical strength over other arrangements with different materials. Rietveld analysis of the X-ray and neutron diffraction data of BaCe0.7Zr0.1Y0.15Zn0.05O3−δ (BCZYZn05) revealed a pure orthorhombic structure belonging to the Pbnm space group. Structural and electrochemical analyses indicate highly dense and high proton conductivity at intermediate temperature (400–700 °C). The anode-supported single cell, NiO-BCZYZn05|BCZYZn05|BSCF-BCZYZn05, demonstrates a peak power density of 872 mW cm−2 at 700 °C which is one of the highest power density in an all-protonic solid oxide fuel cell. This observation represents an important step towards commercially viable SOFC technology.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

MODERN INSTALLATION PROCESS OF PRE-ENGINEERED STEEL BUILDING

In our construction sector Pre-engineered building (PEB) system is the new concept. It has huge advantages including economical solution, easier fabrication and prompt Installation which reduced time and cost. The present work represents the Installation process of steel building which involves with the gathering of steel materials into a structure on the site. This process briefly describes the materials unloading, lifting, placingthe materials into better position and then assembles them as an entire member by bolting. The processes must be completed with quickly, safely and economically. Installation cost varies around 10-12% of the whole project price which is primarily dependent on the speed of installation of the building. If we do the Installation carefully the cost will be minimized with maintaining safety. By this we can assure the safe Installation procedures and structural stability of the building. To focus all these relevant aspects the procedure for the Installation process are describe in this paper

MODERN INSTALLATION PROCESS OF PRE-ENGINEERED STEEL BUILDING

In our construction sector Pre-engineered building (PEB) system is the new concept. It has huge advantages including economical solution,easier fabrication and prompt Installation which reduced time and cost. The present work represents the Installation process of st eel building which involves with the gathering of steel materials into a structure on the site. This process briefly describes the materials unloading,lifting,placing the materials into better position and then assembles t hem as an entire member by bolting. The processes must be completed with quickly,safely and economically . Installation cost varies around 10-12% of the whole project price which is primarily dependent on the speed of installation of the building . If we do the Installation carefully the cost will be minimized with maintaining safety. By this we can assure the safe Installation procedures and structural stability of the building. To focus all these relevant aspects the procedure for the Installation process are describe in this paper https://www.ijiert.org/paper-details?paper_id=14113

Perception and Barriers to Implementation of Intensive and Extensive Green Roofs in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Buildings are one of the biggest consumers of fossil fuels, and thus, contribute largely to greenhouse gas emissions. As a result, a large number of studies have been conducted and innovative ideas or green solutions have been invented, adopted, and implemented across the globe. These solutions are often contextual and heavily dependent on local environmental and socio-economic factors. Green roofs are such an example. Green roofs (both intensive and extensive) for buildings have been successfully adopted in many countries around the world. Bangladesh, a developing country that can benefit from green roofs, seems to remain in complete darkness regarding its potential. The objective of this study is to identify the reasons why green roofs have not been widely implemented in Bangladesh, especially in the capital Dhaka, even though, theoretically, the climatic conditions of this country favor this technology. This study focuses on the perception of the construction industry to comprehend the possible obstacles they are facing towards using green roofs in their designs. A questionnaire study was conducted among architects, engineers, construction managers, contractors, and owners who are at different levels of experience in their respective fields. The results indicate a gap in knowledge and misconceptions, which are major hindrances to the implementation of green roofs

Evaluation of Thermochemical Characteristics and Pyrolysis of Fish Processing Waste for Renewable Energy Feedstock

The necessity of energy is continuously increasing, whereas fossil fuel sources are gradually depleting. To mitigate this problem, fish processing waste of the bluespotted stingray (Neotrygon kuhlii), available in the Borneo region, was investigated for an alternative feedstock of bioenergy production. The fish wastes are hazardous for the environment, whereas the biodiesel from fish waste is pollution-free and produces less contaminant gas and carbon dioxide than fossil fuel. From the proximate analysis, the moisture content, volatile matter, fixed carbon, and ash content of the fish waste were achieved as 4.88%, 63.80%, 15.03%, and 16.29%, respectively. The proportion of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen was found as 42.06%, 5.99%, 10.77%, 0.91%, and 40.27%, respectively, from the ultimate analysis. The calorific value was 21.53 MJ/kg, which would be highly effective in biofuel production. The morphology analysis results of the biomass are favorable for renewable energy sources. The major bondage between carbon and hydrogen and oxygen was found using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The thermogravimetric analysis and derivative thermogravimetry revealed that the highest weight loss occurred at 352 °C temperature with a decomposition rate of 4.57 wt.%/min in pyrolysis circumstances, and at 606 °C temperature with a decomposition rate of 3.77 wt.%/min in combustion conditions. In the pyrolysis process for 25 °C/min heating rate, the yield of biochar, bio-oil, and bio-syngas was found as 33.96, 29.34, 23.46% at 400 °C, 47.72, 49.32, 33.87% at 500 °C, and 18.32, 21.34, 42.37% at 600 °C, respectively. The characteristics and pyrolysis yields of fish waste are suitable for being an effective renewable energy source