A Case Report: Isolated Liver Tuberculosis

Isolated liver tuberculosis is still considered a rare condition and atypical clinical presentation challenges the clinical acumen of the treating physician. There is difficulty in reaching the correct preoperative diagnosis of a nodular hepatic tuberculosis that presents as a space-occupying lesion. It is usually unsuspected and confused with primary or metastatic carcinoma of the liver. In this report, we describe a rare case of isolated liver tuberculosis without pulmonary spread. Keywords: S0L in Liver; Liver tuberculosis DOI: 10.3329/bsmmuj.v2i2.4765 BSMMU J 2009; 2(2): 88-8

SAARC-China Relations: Realities, Challenges and Prospects

南亚区域合作联盟成立于28年前，其目的在于促进南亚人民福利及提升 生活质量。南亚区域合作联盟宗旨也揭示了联盟将努力加速该区域的经济增长， 社会进步和文化发展，并为个人提供尊严的生活的机会及实现他们最大潜力。 但是，由于官僚作风的作祟，不仅使得机构发展缓慢，而且也削弱了机构作为 成员国政府延伸翼的作用。此外，区域内国家间的政治纷争持续地干扰区域内 的和谐及经济合作。因此，南亚区域合作联盟不仅在促进成员国合作方面没有 取得成功，并且在一定程度上还剥夺了他们从世界经济新格局中获得利益。事 实上，由于他们薄弱的经济能力，八个成员国中的五个被列为世界最不发达国 家， 有鉴于此，南亚区域...The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) was established 28 years ago to promote welfare of the people of South Asia and to improve their quality of life. The SAARC Charter also reveals that the association will strive to accelerate economic growth, social progress and cultural development in the region and to provide all individuals with the opportunity to live in dignity ...学位：法学硕士院系专业：南洋研究院_国际关系学号：3022011115425

Estimation of the Optimal Forest Rotation of Sissoo (Dalbergia sissoo) Plantations in Bangladesh

Using various criteria, the paper estimates the optimal rotation period for Sissoo (Dalbergia sissoo) plantations in Bangladesh. Plantations data were collected during 1999-2000 from purposively selected Forest Divisions aged at least 5 years. Under the present management system, mode of marketing, market mechanism and all economic criteria for Bangladesh as a whole, the optimal rotation of Sissoo tree is estimated to be at 8 years for fuel wood and 12 or 13 years for timber. If the Mean Annual Increment (MAI) is considered as rotation criterion, rotation period as 6 years for fuel wood and 11 to 13 years for timber are suggested. The elimination rates varied from 10% to 72% depending on plantation year, location, biotic interference and sissoo mortality. Irrespective of locations, it was revealed that the highest NPV (Tk 6395599), IRR (85%), B/C ratio (6.57), and  (Tk 2608031) start from the 13 year-old plantation. Keywords: Sissoo, Optimal rotation, Forest management, Bangladesh

Cross linked Core-shell Silica Nanoparticles Mechanical, Structural & Viscoelastic Behavior

Shell cross-linked core-shell nanoparticles (SCCSNs) were prepared via miniemulsion polymerization of styrene in the presence of silane modified inorganic silica. The polystyrene (PS) shell of 69.8% in weight fraction was cross-linked using divinylbenzene. SCCSNs were spherical with a diameter distribution from 37 to 96 nm determined by dynamic light scattering. Dynamic rheology of SCCSNs suspended in PS/toluene solution was compared with that of suspensions of naked silica. The critical strain for onset of rheological nonlinearity was independent of SCCSN concentration above a concentration threshold, which differs from the silica suspensions. Linear dynamic rheological investigation revealed that SCCSN suspensions with a PS volume fraction of 25% were fluid-like at low particle concentrations while suspensions containing 4.5 vol% SCCSNs formed a gel-like structure. On the contrary, the silica suspensions with 20.0 vol% PS underwent a fluid-to-solid-like transition with increasing silica concentration. Reasons for the different rheological behaviors of the naked silica and SCCSN suspensions are discussed

Differential Response of Sugar Beet to Long-Term Mild to Severe Salinity in a Soil-Pot Culture

Attempts to cultivate sugar beet (Beta vulgaris spp. vulgaris) in the sub-tropical saline soils are ongoing because of its excellent tolerance to salinity. However, the intrinsic adaptive physiology has not been discovered yet in the sub-tropical climatic conditions. In this study, we investigated morpho-physiological attributes, biochemical responses, and yield of sugar beet under a gradient of salinity in the soil-pot culture system to evaluate its adaptive mechanisms. Results exhibited that low and high salinity displayed a differential impact on growth, photosynthesis, and yield. Low to moderate salt stress (75 and 100 mM NaCl) showed no inhibition on growth and photosynthetic attributes. Accordingly, low salinity displayed simulative effect on chlorophyll and antioxidant enzymes activity which contributed to maintaining a balanced H2O2 accumulation and lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, relative water and proline content showed no alteration in low salinity. These factors contributed to improving the yield (tuber weight). On the contrary, 250 mM salinity showed a mostly inhibitory role on growth, photosynthesis, and yield. Collectively, our findings provide insights into the mild-moderate salt adaptation strategy in the soil culture test attributed to increased water content, elevation of photosynthetic pigment, better photosynthesis, and better management of oxidative stress. Therefore, cultivation of sugar beet in moderately saline-affected soils will ensure efficient utilization of lands

Efficacy of fungicides against grain spot disease in rice (Oryza sativa)

A field study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the five selected fungicides viz., ipordione (rovral), tebuconazole (folicur), and hexaconazole (Hayconazole, Orazole and Titan) against grain spot disease in rice. The experiment was conducted at the Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur and two regional stations at Barisal and Satkhira in Bangladesh. A high yielding cultivar BRRIdhan28 was selected for the study as test crop. Percentage of unfilled grain at different experimental sites showed a large variation from 4.4 to 14.1% in control. The lowest unfilled grain found in Titan treated plot at Barisal (13.6%) and Satkhira (3.8%), while the lowest unfilled grain (7.0%) found in orazole treated plot at Gazipur. Application of rovral (12.4%) and folicur (15.8%) reduced the percentage of spotted grain as compared with control (23.6%) in Satkhira site. The average 100 grain weight considerably varied among the sites and was comparatively higher in Satkhira. Seed health test revealed low rate of seed infection with Bipolaris oryzae, Curvularia lunata, Alternaria tenuis and Trichoconis padwickii irrespective of the sites. Seed infection with B. oryzae at Barisal, Gazipur and Satkhira in different treatments ranged from 2.88-4.34%, 3.50-5.67% and 1.10-2.55%, respectively. In all the sites, the highest incidence of C. lunata was observed in control treatment but the differences with fungicide application were non-significant, which indicated a minimal effect of tested fungicides against C. lunata. Tested fungicides were found ineffective in controlling A. tenuis and T. padwickii. The results showed that incidence of all the above mentioned pathogens in seed were comparatively higher at Gazipur site

In vivo anxiolytic and in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of water-soluble extract (WSE) of Nigella sativa (L.) seeds

The WSE is a highly polar, gummy and mucilaginous bioactive content of the Nigella sativa (L.) seeds. This study reports the anxiolytic and anti-inflammatory effects of WSE investigated using Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) and Hole-Board Test (HBT) in adult mice and human RBCs haemolysis inhibition and protein denaturation respectively. The oral WSE treatment (100 & 200 mg/kg b.w/day) for 72 hours has exhibited slightly better anxiolytic effect (p < 0.05) through the time span (92.33 & 93.33 s) spent in the opened arms of EPM vs. diazepam (1 mg/kg b.w i.p/day; 69.33 s). In HBT, only WSE (200 mg/kg b.w/day) has shown a promising number of mean head pokes (13.27 times/min) vs. diazepam (12.87 times/min). The WSE (62.5-500 mg/mL) exposure has exhibited 40.14-72.18% protection against lysis of RBCs vs. aspirin (57.04-71.48%) whilst 62.67-67.66% inhibition of protein denaturation vs. diclofenac sodium (43.11-80.64%). The current findings suggested WSE has promising anxiolytic and anti-inflammatory activities

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the education of medical, dental and non-medical healthcare professionals in Bangladesh : findings and connotation

Lockdown measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic had an appreciable impact on the education of all medical, dental, and non-medical healthcare professional (HCP) students. These included the closure of universities necessitating a rapid move to e-learning and new approaches to practical’s. However initially, there was a lack of knowledge and expertise regarding e-learning approaches and the affordability of internet bundles and equipment. We initially con-ducted two pilot studies to assess such current challenges, replaced by a two-stage approach including a full investigation involving 32 private and public universities during the early stages of the pandemic followed by a later study assessing the current environment brought about by the forced changes. Top challenges at the start of the pandemic included a lack of familiarity with e-learning approaches, cost of the internet, lack of IT equipment and the quality of the classes. Universities offered support to staff and students to a varying degree to address identified challenges. Since then, e-learning approaches have widened the possibilities for teaching and learning at convenient times. However, challenges remain. In conclusion, there were considerable challenges at the start of them pandemic. Several key issues have been addressed with hybrid learning here to stay. Remaining challenges include a lack of ICT equipment. However, new innovations will continue