7,741 research outputs found
Interpolation Properties and SAT-based Model Checking
Craig interpolation is a widespread method in verification, with important
applications such as Predicate Abstraction, CounterExample Guided Abstraction
Refinement and Lazy Abstraction With Interpolants. Most state-of-the-art model
checking techniques based on interpolation require collections of interpolants
to satisfy particular properties, to which we refer as "collectives"; they do
not hold in general for all interpolation systems and have to be established
for each particular system and verification environment. Nevertheless, no
systematic approach exists that correlates the individual interpolation systems
and compares the necessary collectives. This paper proposes a uniform
framework, which encompasses (and generalizes) the most common collectives
exploited in verification. We use it for a systematic study of the collectives
and of the constraints they pose on propositional interpolation systems used in
SAT-based model checking
Models for the Effects of G-seat Cuing on Roll-axis Tracking Performance
Including whole-body motion in a flight simulator improves performance for a variety of tasks requiring a pilot to compensate for the effects of unexpected disturbances. A possible mechanism for this improvement is that whole-body motion provides high derivative vehicle state information whic allows the pilot to generate more lead in responding to the external disturbances. During development of motion simulating algorithms for an advanced g-cuing system it was discovered that an algorithm based on aircraft roll acceleration producted little or no performance improvement. On the other hand, algorithms based on roll position or roll velocity produced performance equivalent to whole-body motion. The analysis and modeling conducted at both the sensory system and manual control performance levels to explain the above results are described
Cosmic censorship of smooth structures
It is observed that on many 4-manifolds there is a unique smooth structure
underlying a globally hyperbolic Lorentz metric. For instance, every
contractible smooth 4-manifold admitting a globally hyperbolic Lorentz metric
is diffeomorphic to the standard . Similarly, a smooth 4-manifold
homeomorphic to the product of a closed oriented 3-manifold and and
admitting a globally hyperbolic Lorentz metric is in fact diffeomorphic to
. Thus one may speak of a censorship imposed by the global
hyperbolicty assumption on the possible smooth structures on
-dimensional spacetimes.Comment: 5 pages; V.2 - title changed, minor edits, references adde
Does the mode of delivery affect mathematics examination results?
At present most examinations are delivered on paper but there is a growing trend in many subjects to deliver some or part of these examinations by computer. It is therefore important to know whether there are any differences in the results obtained by candidates sitting examinations taken by computer compared with those obtained by candidates sitting conventional examinations using pen and paper. The purpose of this article is to describe the outcome of a pilot study designed to∗ investigate possible causes of any differences in results from the use of different modes of delivery in a mathematics examination. One outcome of this study was that the process of translating examination questions into a format required for use on the computer (but keeping this as a pen and paper test) can have a significant effect on examination results. However, the main conclusion is that changing the medium only has no effect on the results in mathematics examinations
Splitting Proofs for Interpolation
We study interpolant extraction from local first-order refutations. We
present a new theoretical perspective on interpolation based on clearly
separating the condition on logical strength of the formula from the
requirement on the com- mon signature. This allows us to highlight the space of
all interpolants that can be extracted from a refutation as a space of simple
choices on how to split the refuta- tion into two parts. We use this new
insight to develop an algorithm for extracting interpolants which are linear in
the size of the input refutation and can be further optimized using metrics
such as number of non-logical symbols or quantifiers. We implemented the new
algorithm in first-order theorem prover VAMPIRE and evaluated it on a large
number of examples coming from the first-order proving community. Our
experiments give practical evidence that our work improves the state-of-the-art
in first-order interpolation.Comment: 26th Conference on Automated Deduction, 201
Automatic Abstraction in SMT-Based Unbounded Software Model Checking
Software model checkers based on under-approximations and SMT solvers are
very successful at verifying safety (i.e. reachability) properties. They
combine two key ideas -- (a) "concreteness": a counterexample in an
under-approximation is a counterexample in the original program as well, and
(b) "generalization": a proof of safety of an under-approximation, produced by
an SMT solver, are generalizable to proofs of safety of the original program.
In this paper, we present a combination of "automatic abstraction" with the
under-approximation-driven framework. We explore two iterative approaches for
obtaining and refining abstractions -- "proof based" and "counterexample based"
-- and show how they can be combined into a unified algorithm. To the best of
our knowledge, this is the first application of Proof-Based Abstraction,
primarily used to verify hardware, to Software Verification. We have
implemented a prototype of the framework using Z3, and evaluate it on many
benchmarks from the Software Verification Competition. We show experimentally
that our combination is quite effective on hard instances.Comment: Extended version of a paper in the proceedings of CAV 201
BMB activity defines refractory and competent hair follicle populations during the propagation of regenerative waves
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Planets in triple star systems--the case of HD188753
We consider the formation of the recently discovered ``hot Jupiter'' planet
orbiting the primary component of the triple star system HD188753. Although the
current outer orbit of the triple is too tight for a Jupiter-like planet to
have formed and migrated to its current location, the binary may have been much
wider in the past. We assume here that the planetary system formed in an open
star cluster, the dynamical evolution of which subsequently led to changes in
the system's orbital parameters and binary configuration. We calculate cross
sections for various scenarios that could have led to the multiple system
currently observed, and conclude that component A of HD188753 with its planet
were most likely formed in isolation to be swapped in a triple star system by a
dynamical encounter in an open star cluster. We estimate that within 500pc of
the Sun there are about 1200 planetary systems which, like Hd188753, have
orbital parameters unfavorable for forming planets but still having a planet,
making it quite possible that the HD188753 system was indeed formed by a
dynamical encounter in an open star cluster.Comment: ApJ Letters in pres
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DEveloping a Complex Intervention for DEteriorating Patients using Theoretical Modelling (DECIDE study): study protocol
AIM: To develop a theory-based complex intervention (targeting nursing staff), to enhance enablers and overcome barriers to enacting expected behaviour when monitoring patients and responding to abnormal vital signs that signal deterioration.
DESIGN: A mixed method design including structured observations on hospital wards, field notes, brief, un-recorded interviews and semi-structured interviews to inform the development of an intervention to enhance practice.
METHODS: Semi-structured interviews will be conducted with nursing staff using a topic guide informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework. Semi-structured interviews will be transcribed verbatim and coded deductively into the 14 Theoretical Domains Framework domains and then inductively into 'belief statements'. Priority domains will be identified and mapped to appropriate behaviour change techniques. Intervention content and mode of delivery (how behaviour change techniques are operationalised) will be developed using nominal groups, during which participants (clinicians) will rank behaviour change techniques /mode of delivery combinations according to acceptability and feasibility. Findings will be synthesised to develop an intervention manual.
DISCUSSION: Despite being a priority for clinicians, researchers and policymakers for two decades, 'sub-optimal care' of the deteriorating ward patient persists. Existing interventions have been largely educational (i.e., targeting assumed knowledge deficits) with limited evidence that they change staff behaviour. Staff behaviour when monitoring and responding to abnormal vital signs is likely influenced by a range of mediators that includes barriers and enablers.
IMPACT: Systematically applying theory and evidence-based methods, will result in the specification of an intervention which is more likely to result in behaviour change and can be tested empirically in future research. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Two-photon interference between disparate sources for quantum networking
Quantum networks involve entanglement sharing between multiple users.
Ideally, any two users would be able to connect regardless of the type of
photon source they employ, provided they fulfill the requirements for
two-photon interference. From a theoretical perspective, photons coming from
different origins can interfere with a perfect visibility, provided they are
made indistinguishable in all degrees of freedom. Previous experimental
demonstrations of such a scenario have been limited to photon wavelengths below
900 nm, unsuitable for long distance communication, and suffered from low
interference visibility. We report two-photon interference using two disparate
heralded single photon sources, which involve different nonlinear effects,
operating in the telecom wavelength range. The measured visibility of the
two-photon interference is 80+/-4%, which paves the way to hybrid universal
quantum networks
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