The isolation of virus in mice from cases of horsesickness in immunized horses

It has been shown that whereas blood obtained during the breakdown reaction in immunized horses may be non-pathogenic for mice it is still capable of infecting horses, dogs and ferrets. Due to this fact it is often. impossible to isolate virus directly in mice from cases of horsesickness in immunized horses. This difficulty may be overcome by first isolating the virus in the horse or ferret from which animal mice may readily be infected. It is probable that the dog may be used in a similar manner. Attempts to reactivate for the mouse virus present in the blood from immunized horses by various methods were unsuccessful. Just how this virus is inactive for the mouse while active for the horse, dog and ferret is not understood, although the serum antibody produced as a result of immunization is believed to be involved. By means of neutralization tests in mice with the neurotropic form of a virus which produced a fatal breakdown in an immunized horse it was shown that such immune horses may react severely to infection with virus which is related antigenically to strains of virus incorporated in the vaccine. Ferrets have been shown to be susceptible to viscerotropic horsesickness virus. The disease in ferrets is mild and results in a febrile reaction with viraemia. I should like to thank Dr. D. A. Haig for his helpful advice and criticism and Mr. P. J. van Rooy for carrying out the high speed centrifugationThe articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

Men's Experiences on Active Surveillance: From Diagnosis to Discontinuation

Over 1.4 million men were diagnosed with prostate cancer worldwide in 2020. Due to increased early testing and detection, higher numbers are being diagnosed with low risk, localised prostate cancer. Active surveillance is the recommended treatment option for patients with low risk, localised prostate cancer, as it provides patients the opportunity to delay definitive treatments until clinically necessary whilst actively monitoring progression. However, there is no global consensus on eligibility criteria, best practice for management, or triggers for discontinuation, and therefore uptake, practice, and patient experiences may vary greatly across clinics and countries. In order to (a) understand patient experiences during active surveillance, (b) inform changes to active surveillance management that align with the needs of patients, and (c) identify critical research areas, consideration of the individual, social and ecological factors that influence patient experiences is required. To reach this aim, this thesis includes four studies using a range of methodologies to investigate patient experiences from diagnosis to active surveillance discontinuation. A fifth study focusing on enhancing methodology in this research domain is also included. Study One used qualitative methods to explore patient and partner experiences after low risk localised prostate cancer diagnosis as they navigated the treatment decision between active surveillance and definitive treatment. Study Two systematically reviewed the literature on patients’ unmet supportive care needs during active surveillance. Data for studies Three and Four were collected together using a mix of methodologies (quantitative survey and qualitative interviews). Given the outcomes of the systematic review (Study Two), in Study Three we investigated the unmet supportive care needs and psychological wellbeing of patients during active surveillance. In Study Four, we explored the personal and/or medical reasons patients discontinue active surveillance and move to definitive treatment. Finally, Study Five was a randomised trial embedded within Studies Three and Four to examine the influence of different unconditional monetary incentives on survey response rates. This body of research demonstrated that whilst patients on active surveillance generally report positive experiences and outcomes, a significant proportion report unmet supportive care needs across informational, sexual, physical, psychological, and patient care domains. Patients on active surveillance frequently report experiencing fear of cancer progression, appear to be greatly influenced by a variety of factors when navigating treatment decision (both at diagnosis and prior to discontinuation), and report uncertainty about active surveillance and their future. In addition, we observed that prostate cancer patients are no more likely to respond to long surveys when provided a larger unconditional monetary incentive ($20AUD) than a smaller unconditional monetary incentive ($10AUD). Further research to inform the development of supportive care interventions which directly address patient needs, align with their preferences, and consider their perspectives, is essential for improving active surveillance uptake, adherence, and overall experience for both patients and their partners/close allies. Doing so will require a strong engagement in research, which may be improved by using a variety of engagement strategies such as unconditional incentives, though further research is required.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Medicine, 202

The classification of the Ricci and Plebański tensors in general relativity using Newman–Penrose formalism

Author name used in this publication: Lun, A. W. C.Version of RecordPublishe

Motivations for Alcohol Use among Men Aged 16–30 Years in Sri Lanka

Psychometric properties of a new scale that measures motivations towards alcohol use were examined using a sample of 412 male alcohol users in Sri Lanka aged 16–30 years. In addition, associations between drinking motives and drinking frequency were explored. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that a 3-factor model consisting of the factors personal enjoyment, tension reduction, and social pressure fit the data well. Overall, tension-reduction motivation was found to be prominent in the context of young males’ drinking behavior in Sri Lanka. Associations between stress and alcohol use among young males warrant further investigations

Neuroplasticity and functional recovery: Training models and compensatory strategies in music therapy

New research developments in the recovery of function following neurological trauma as well as basic and applied research relevant to music perception and production, seem to point to the suggestion that specific music therapy interventions that irectly address the restoration of function as opposed to developing compensatory mechanisms, in certain circumstances, may now be a more appropriate treatment approach. We will address the issue of appropriate timing for the introduction of each strategy and discuss potential outcomes of each approach. As one might imagine, much of this research is published in the neurological journals, which music herapists may not regularly consult. It seems challenging enough just to keep abreast of new music therapy literature. Further, there is so much neurological research that the music therapy clinician often finds it difficult to know where to begin. This text provides an overview of a growing concept related to recovery known as neuroplasticity, and how specific training models in music therapy utilize this relatively recently identified phenomenon. Also, a framework will be provided to help guide the practicing clinician when attempting to build a lineage of systematic thought relevant to the use of music in neurorehabilitation, as well as discuss the frequently employed concept of behavioural compensation. Some music therapy literature that relates to these different concepts is outlined. Discussions surrounding the decision to use either of these two approaches are presented in relation to stages of recovery and the clinical presentation of the client

Clustering-based approaches to SAGE data mining

Serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) is one of the most powerful tools for global gene expression profiling. It has led to several biological discoveries and biomedical applications, such as the prediction of new gene functions and the identification of biomarkers in human cancer research. Clustering techniques have become fundamental approaches in these applications. This paper reviews relevant clustering techniques specifically designed for this type of data. It places an emphasis on current limitations and opportunities in this area for supporting biologically-meaningful data mining and visualisation