The Overrepresentation of Youth with Disabilities in the Juvenile Justice System

This paper discusses the contributing factors and effects of youth[VD(1] with disabilities in the juvenile justice system. The disabilities discussed will be those of social, emotional, learning, and behavioral; presenting disconnections between these children, youth, educational system, and juvenile justice system. [VD(2] The juvenile justice system encompasses youth with behavior attributed to their disability that has been criminalized and thereby labeled as a delinquent. A juvenile delinquent is defined as a minor who…commits anti-social or criminal acts, like vandalism or violence (Dictionary.com, 2016). Such behavior could be disorderly conduct or temper tantrums that is criminalized as assault or general disruption and that typically occurs in a classroom or school setting resulting in temporary arrest or detention by police officers. Statistics, research mechanisms, and data vary state-to-state, but some federal data show that kids with disabilities are overrepresented in the state\u27s detention facilities (Mader & Butrymowicz, 2014)

Rate Setting Analysis: A Statistical Approach to Outlier Analysis In The Rate Setting Process Within The United States Transportation Command

The rate setting process implemented by the USTRANSCOM J8 Program Analysis & Financial Management Directorate (USTC J8 or TCJ8) is of importance, as accurate rates yield proper and equitable recoupment of costs from customers and ensure USTC can achieve an accurate Net Operating Result (NOR) in each given year. This research sought to identify areas in which the current rate setting methodology can be improved. We initially examined the use of six months of historical cost data versus a full year of data to set rates, concluding that there is not a statistically significant difference with respect to their relative effect on the NOR; USTC should proceed with their current practice. The research also identified outliers, first with regard to likelihood of historical rates not being set by the prescribed process and second with regard to whether the rates set by the prescribed process would be an outlier in terms of the marginal contribution to the net operating result. We found that approximately 8%, 10%, and 4% of the rates in FY14–FY16 were likely set using budget analyst experience in lieu of the prescribed method, for the most part imposing a reduction in the prescribed rates. Adapting classical Statistical Process Control (SPC) methods, we found that the prescribed rate setting method does work in aggregate but can induce recurrent outlier rates. However, a pattern in these outlier rates remains elusive – some are self-correcting – but the demonstrated methodology is shown to be useful for identifying outlier rates that do merit budget analyst experience-informed judgment for rate setting

Live from death row: this is Mumia Abu-Jamal

This play provides details about the life and imprisonment of Mumia Abu-Jamal, a political prisoner in a nation that denies it has political prisoners. Mumia has been on death row in Pennsylvania since July 1982 after being convicted for the murder of a Philadelphia police officer killed in December 1981. An international movement of writers, activists, entertainers, journalists and others have mobilized around his case in an effort to get a new trial. The twenty-nine page introduction provides background material about specifics of the case and explains how the play came to be written. Mumia Abu-Jamal is a journalist, husband, father, grandfather and African-American who was president of the Philadelphia Association of Black Journalists at the time of his arrest. He is currently a writer and radio commentator. He has written two books: Live From Death Row and Death Blossoms: Reflections of a Prisoner of Conscience

Countercultural Representation

Counter cultures have been prevalent throughout modern American history. Accompanied with music, these movements break the barriers of time and live on. Starting with an anecdote, the rapper Lil peep is given as an example of what the movements and music has led up to. To highlight modern movements that lead to that, the flower power movement is given first light. This leads into the punk/ hip-hop era, which gives way for the emocore movement that ultimately defines what our current generation considers to be the counterculture. Movements and music change over time and along the way people get hurt. Essentially music that aligns itself with a movement starts as counter cultural and gains mainstream popularity where it gets sold to death and gives birth to a new genre

The socialization of African American women as faculty members in religiously-affiliated universities

Research on experiences of faculty-of-color generally, and on African American women particularly, in religiously-affiliated universities is embryonic. Studying faith-based colleges as a synonymous group is a complex process because of different institutional types (e.g., 2-year, 4-year, and seminary); divergent missions; church affiliations (e.g., Lutheran, Baptist, and Roman Catholic) and Carnegie classifications (Smith & Jackson, 2004). This study’s purpose was to understand how African American women interpret and respond to their formal/informal socialization as faculty members in Jesuit universities. Jesuits have a distinct heritage that influences their institutional mission (Tierney, 1997). Perpetuation of religious tenets and ideals is a primary focus of Jesuit institutional leaders; therefore, faculty members, including those of other faith traditions, are socialized to participate in that prolongation (Schaefer, 2001). This phenomenological inquiry was conducted utilizing the theoretical underpinnings of faculty and organizational socialization (Jablin, 2001; Trowler & Knight, 1999). Semistructured interviews were conducted to examine the lived experiences of 13 African American women faculty members in eight Jesuit-sponsored institutions. Thorough analysis of information gathered led to the identification of 15 themes, two subthemes, and six recommendations for future research. The investigator also provided eight recommendations for practice directed to leaders in Jesuit universities along with five suggestions for African American women or other faculty-of-color considering positions in religiously-affiliated institutions. Finally, the researcher developed three cogent ideas for faculty in educational leadership programs to use in improving higher-education administrative preparation programs. Running head: SOCIALIZATION OF AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN FACULTY vii Perhaps the most powerful conclusion was recognition that Jesuit universities have an overt advantage over other types of higher-education institutions in attracting, nurturing, and retaining African American women faculty. The fit for an African American woman at a Jesuit institution is a natural one based on social justice as a core institutional value and on the African American woman’s personal belief in social-justice activism. These faculty members can be carriers of the social-justice mission, satisfied, productive, and welcoming of the challenge to move the mission forward. That said, Jesuit institutions can become diversity models for the academy if the social-justice mission is activated for recruiting, hiring, developing, supporting, and continually supporting African American women and other faculty-of-color

Effect of an After-School Garden Club Program on Elementary Students

The purpose of this study was to determine if three elementary school garden club programs influenced students\u27 attitudes and behaviors regarding fruit and vegetable consumption. Both quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis took place, in the form of pretest and posttest questionnaires as well as participant interviews. Overall, non-significant results were found in the quantitative portion of the study, which led the researcher to determine that the garden club program had no significant effect on the participants regarding perceptions of fruit and vegetable consumption. The overall non-significant differences found before and after the garden club intervention programs could lead researchers to further analyze effective factors of garden-based education. After qualitative analysis of participant interviews, the researcher determined that there were mostly non-significant changes in healthy eating after participating in the garden club, but that the overall experience for participants was positive in many aspects such as showing respect for nature, knowledge of how food affects the body, and that the activities were enjoyable. Researchers, educators, curriculum developers, and other professionals may be able to draw upon findings from this study to develop garden-based education to become an effective mode of food and nutritional content delivery

Similar Settings, Different Story Lines: The Positioning of ESL Teachers in Two Middle Schools

As the need to better support English learners’ achievement in academically rigorous content area classes increases, so does the call for expanded ESL teacher – content area teacher collaboration. However, the nature and outcomes of such collaboration depend on how these professionals are positioned within their school settings. Using positioning theory as an analytic lens, this article investigates the collaborative interactions of two ESL teachers in two separate, but demographically similar suburban middle schools. It examines the impact of these ESL teachers’ collaborations on ELLs’ opportunities for academic language and content area learning, and it calls for the field to purposefully consider issues of culture and agency in teacher partnerships. Overall, this article informs educators’ and teacher educators’ efforts to optimize school-based, ELL--focused teacher collaboration

Joint 3D Shape and Motion Estimation from Rolling Shutter Light-Field Images

In this paper, we propose an approach to address the problem of 3D reconstruction of scenes from a single image captured by a light-field camera equipped with a rolling shutter sensor. Our method leverages the 3D information cues present in the light-field and the motion information provided by the rolling shutter effect. We present a generic model for the imaging process of this sensor and a two-stage algorithm that minimizes the re-projection error while considering the position and motion of the camera in a motion-shape bundle adjustment estimation strategy. Thereby, we provide an instantaneous 3D shape-and-pose-and-velocity sensing paradigm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to leverage this type of sensor for this purpose. We also present a new benchmark dataset composed of different light-fields showing rolling shutter effects, which can be used as a common base to improve the evaluation and tracking the progress in the field. We demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of our approach through several experiments conducted for different scenes and types of motions. The source code and dataset are publicly available at: https://github.com/ICB-Vision-AI/RSL