La recherche scientifique face à la pêche artisanale = Research and small-scale fisheries

Nous avons simulé un environnement hautement variable et imprévisible dans un modèle inclut des éléments de chaos et de hasard pour la dynamique des espèces et pour l'écosystème dans son ensemble. Le compartiment économique inclut pour les pêcheurs la possibilité de s'adapter à cet environnement biologique en réorientant leur effort de pêche (par exemple en changeant d'espèce-cible) afin de maximiser le rendement économique. Nous utilisons le modèle pour expliquer deux caractères importants des pêcheries qui ne sont pas abordables par les modèles à l'équilibre : les bénéfices biologiques et économiques du changement de cible; la variabilité accrue des prises, du revenu des stocks et des structures d'âge des populations quand l'effort de pêche augmente. (Résumé d'auteur

Drinking water contamination, exposure, and associated health outcomes in rural Appalachia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

This record includes an extended abstract and MP4 presentation. Presented at the 42nd WEDC International Conferenc

Genetic variants near TIMP3 and high-density lipoprotein–associated loci influence susceptibility to age-related macular degeneration

We executed a genome-wide association scan for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in 2,157 cases and 1,150 controls. Our results validate AMD susceptibility loci near CFH (P < 10−75), ARMS2 (P < 10−59), C2/CFB (P < 10−20), C3 (P < 10−9), and CFI (P < 10−6). We compared our top findings with the Tufts/Massachusetts General Hospital genome-wide association study of advanced AMD (821 cases, 1,709 controls) and genotyped 30 promising markers in additional individuals (up to 7,749 cases and 4,625 controls). With these data, we identified a susceptibility locus near TIMP3 (overall P = 1.1 × 10−11), a metalloproteinase involved in degradation of the extracellular matrix and previously implicated in early-onset maculopathy. In addition, our data revealed strong association signals with alleles at two loci (LIPC, P = 1.3 × 10−7; CETP, P = 7.4 × 10−7) that were previously associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) levels in blood. Consistent with the hypothesis that HDL metabolism is associated with AMD pathogenesis, we also observed association with AMD of HDL-c—associated alleles near LPL (P = 3.0 × 10−3) and ABCA1 (P = 5.6 × 10−4). Multilocus analysis including all susceptibility loci showed that 329 of 331 individuals (99%) with the highest-risk genotypes were cases, and 85% of these had advanced AMD. Our studies extend the catalog of AMD associated loci, help identify individuals at high risk of disease, and provide clues about underlying cellular pathways that should eventually lead to new therapies