8 research outputs found
Base Size Sets and Determining Sets
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 22/07/2014
- Field of study
Bridging the work of Cameron, Harary, and others, we examine the base size
set B(G) and determining set D(G) of several families of groups. The base size
set is the set of base sizes of all faithful actions of the group G on finite
sets. The determining set is the subset of B(G) obtained by restricting the
actions of G to automorphism groups of finite graphs. We show that for finite
abelian groups, B(G)=D(G)={1,2,...,k} where k is the number of elementary
divisors of G. We then characterize B(G) and D(G) for dihedral groups of the
form D_{p^k} and D_{2p^k}. Finally, we prove B(G) is not equal to D(G) for
dihedral groups of the form D_{pq} where p and q are distinct odd primes.Comment: 10 pages, 1 figur
Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use in early acute respiratory distress syndrome : Insights from the LUNG SAFE study
- Author
- Abad Ricardo Diaz
- Abe Toshikazu
- Abroug Fekri
- Adams John C.
- Adamsson Richard O.
- Adolfsson Anne
- Aguilar Ronald Zumaran
- Aguirre Janet S.
- Aguirre-Bermeo Hernan
- Aisa Tharwat M.
- Aisiku Imo
- Ajetunmobi Olaitan O.
- Aker Mustafa
- Akyol Onat O.
- Al Dorzi Hasan M.
- Al Jabbary Ahmed S.
- Albaiceta Guillermo M.
- Albarrak Mohamad M.
- Albiero Daniela
- Alda Rosa S.
- Alejandro Risso V.
- Alexander Peter
- Algaba Ángela
- Aliaga Felipe A.
- Alisasis Alain U.
- Allan Russell M.
- Allue Raquel Montoiro
- Almekhlafi Ghaleb
- Alonso Javier G.
- Altaf Wahid
- Alvarez António M.
- Alvarez Javier
- Amin Pravin
- Amir Fahd
- Amor Abdellatif Benslama Mourad
- An Youzhong
- Andersen Finn H.
- Andoh Kohkichi
- Andruszkiewicz Pawel
- Aneman Anders
- Antonelli Massimo M.
- Antônio Ana Carolina P.
- Aoki Nobumasa
- Appelberg Henrik
- Arabi Yaasen
- Arabi Yaseen M.
- Araujo Ana M.
- Arizmendi Alfons
- Arnal Jean-Michel
- Artiga Maria Jose D.
- Artigas Antonio
- Ascoli Aline
- Au Siu-Ming
- Avila Luis E.
- Azad Raman
- Azevedo Luciano Cesar
- Baboi Loredana
- Badie Julio C.
- Bailey Irene M.
- Bailey Mathew B.
- Bajwa Ed
- Balkhi Hicham
- Baltus Thomas
- Banner-Goodspeed Valerie M.
- Barberet Guillaume
- Baron Rebecca M.
- Baronia Arvind K.
- Barratt-Due Andreas
- Barros Filipa M.
- Barros Nelson C.
- Batra Hitesh
- Battle Ceri E.
- Bauer Philippe R.
- Beck Eduardo
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- Beegle Scott H.
- Beitler Jeremy R.
- Bellani Giacomo
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- Vinzio Mauricio
- Virgilio Corcoles G.
- Vitale Michela N.
- Volta Carlo A.
- Wang Chunting
- Wang Hua X.
- Wang Shou H.
- Wang Wei
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- Whitehead Christina
- Willett Emma L.
- Williams Alexandra J.
- Williams Karen E.
- Wise Matt P.
- Wittebole Xavier
- Wong Helen S.
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- Wu Ya Q.
- Xin-Hua Qiang
- Xu Yonghao
- Yamaguchi Osamu
- Yamaji Yoshihiro
- Yao Qingchun
- Ye Zheng L.
- Yeatts Dale J.
- Yu Rongguo
- Yu Tao
- Yu Wenkui
- Yumha Jacob S.
- Yuste Luis J.
- Zacharas Giannis A.
- Zacharowski Kai D.
- Zani Gianluca
- Zantua Kim S.
- Zazu Alan
- Zeggwagh Amine Ali
- Zein Salem Ould
- Zender Hervé O.
- Zhai Zhe
- Zhang Fan
- Zhang Xing Y.
- Zhao Huiying
- Zhao Jun
- Zhao Xian Y.
- Zheng Ruiqiang
- Zhou Fa C.
- Zhou Suming
- Zhu Bao H.
- Zhu Wei H.
- Zogheib Elie H.
- Ñamendys-Silva Silvio A.
- Ünal Necmettin
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2020
- Field of study
Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Background: Concerns exist regarding the prevalence and impact of unnecessary oxygen use in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We examined this issue in patients with ARDS enrolled in the Large observational study to UNderstand the Global impact of Severe Acute respiratory FailurE (LUNG SAFE) study. Methods: In this secondary analysis of the LUNG SAFE study, we wished to determine the prevalence and the outcomes associated with hyperoxemia on day 1, sustained hyperoxemia, and excessive oxygen use in patients with early ARDS. Patients who fulfilled criteria of ARDS on day 1 and day 2 of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure were categorized based on the presence of hyperoxemia (PaO2 > 100 mmHg) on day 1, sustained (i.e., present on day 1 and day 2) hyperoxemia, or excessive oxygen use (FIO2 ≥ 0.60 during hyperoxemia). Results: Of 2005 patients that met the inclusion criteria, 131 (6.5%) were hypoxemic (PaO2 < 55 mmHg), 607 (30%) had hyperoxemia on day 1, and 250 (12%) had sustained hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use occurred in 400 (66%) out of 607 patients with hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use decreased from day 1 to day 2 of ARDS, with most hyperoxemic patients on day 2 receiving relatively low FIO2. Multivariate analyses found no independent relationship between day 1 hyperoxemia, sustained hyperoxemia, or excess FIO2 use and adverse clinical outcomes. Mortality was 42% in patients with excess FIO2 use, compared to 39% in a propensity-matched sample of normoxemic (PaO2 55-100 mmHg) patients (P = 0.47). Conclusions: Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use are both prevalent in early ARDS but are most often non-sustained. No relationship was found between hyperoxemia or excessive oxygen use and patient outcome in this cohort. Trial registration: LUNG-SAFE is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02010073publishersversionPeer reviewe
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- Abbass Hakam
- Adhikari Neill
- Affleck Julia
- Agno Sathianathan Ronan
- Ahmad Norfaizan
- Ahmed Iram
- Ainscough Kate
- Al Qasim Eman
- Al Swaidan Lolowa
- Al-Bassam Wisam
- Al-Beidh Farah
- Al-Beidh Farah
- Albert Martin
- Alegria Ana
- Alexander Brian
- Alexander Peter
- Allan Angela
- Allan Elizabeth
- Allen Louise
- Allibone Suzanne
- Amaro dos Santos Catorze Teodoro
- Anderson Tom
- Andric Zdravko
- Angus Derek
- Angus Derek C
- Anjum Aisha
- Ankert Juliane
- Annane Djillali
- Annane Djillali
- Anstey Matthew
- Antcliffe David
- Aparicio Christelle
- Appelt Peter
- Arabi Yaseen
- Arabi Yaseen
- Arbane Gill
- Archer Simon
- Aref Noah
- Arias Ana-Marie
- Arishi Hatim
- Arnold Donald
- Asghar Adeeba
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- Attwood Ben
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- Aysel Florescu Simin
- Azaiz Amine
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- Writing Committee for the REMAP-CAP Investigators
- Xavier Kugan
- Xia Le Tai Charlotte
- Yarad Elizabeth
- Yates David
- Young Chelsea
- Young Ian
- Young Meredith
- Young Paul
- Yusuff Hakeem
- Zaharia Miahela Florentina
- Zaidi Abbas
- Zaki Ahmed
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- Zhao Xiao Bei
- Zinzoni Vanessa
- Zitter Letizia
- Đimoti Renata
- Publication venue
- JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association
- Publication date
- 06/10/2020
- Field of study
Importance: Evidence regarding corticosteroid use for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is limited. Objective: To determine whether hydrocortisone improves outcome for patients with severe COVID-19. Design, Setting, and Participants: An ongoing adaptive platform trial testing multiple interventions within multiple therapeutic domains, for example, antiviral agents, corticosteroids, or immunoglobulin. Between March 9 and June 17, 2020, 614 adult patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled and randomized within at least 1 domain following admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) for respiratory or cardiovascular organ support at 121 sites in 8 countries. Of these, 403 were randomized to open-label interventions within the corticosteroid domain. The domain was halted after results from another trial were released. Follow-up ended August 12, 2020. Interventions: The corticosteroid domain randomized participants to a fixed 7-day course of intravenous hydrocortisone (50 mg or 100 mg every 6 hours) (n = 143), a shock-dependent course (50 mg every 6 hours when shock was clinically evident) (n = 152), or no hydrocortisone (n = 108). Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary end point was organ support-free days (days alive and free of ICU-based respiratory or cardiovascular support) within 21 days, where patients who died were assigned -1 day. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model that included all patients enrolled with severe COVID-19, adjusting for age, sex, site, region, time, assignment to interventions within other domains, and domain and intervention eligibility. Superiority was defined as the posterior probability of an odds ratio greater than 1 (threshold for trial conclusion of superiority >99%). Results: After excluding 19 participants who withdrew consent, there were 384 patients (mean age, 60 years; 29% female) randomized to the fixed-dose (n = 137), shock-dependent (n = 146), and no (n = 101) hydrocortisone groups; 379 (99%) completed the study and were included in the analysis. The mean age for the 3 groups ranged between 59.5 and 60.4 years; most patients were male (range, 70.6%-71.5%); mean body mass index ranged between 29.7 and 30.9; and patients receiving mechanical ventilation ranged between 50.0% and 63.5%. For the fixed-dose, shock-dependent, and no hydrocortisone groups, respectively, the median organ support-free days were 0 (IQR, -1 to 15), 0 (IQR, -1 to 13), and 0 (-1 to 11) days (composed of 30%, 26%, and 33% mortality rates and 11.5, 9.5, and 6 median organ support-free days among survivors). The median adjusted odds ratio and bayesian probability of superiority were 1.43 (95% credible interval, 0.91-2.27) and 93% for fixed-dose hydrocortisone, respectively, and were 1.22 (95% credible interval, 0.76-1.94) and 80% for shock-dependent hydrocortisone compared with no hydrocortisone. Serious adverse events were reported in 4 (3%), 5 (3%), and 1 (1%) patients in the fixed-dose, shock-dependent, and no hydrocortisone groups, respectively. Conclusions and Relevance: Among patients with severe COVID-19, treatment with a 7-day fixed-dose course of hydrocortisone or shock-dependent dosing of hydrocortisone, compared with no hydrocortisone, resulted in 93% and 80% probabilities of superiority with regard to the odds of improvement in organ support-free days within 21 days. However, the trial was stopped early and no treatment strategy met prespecified criteria for statistical superiority, precluding definitive conclusions. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02735707
Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker initiation on organ support-free days in patients hospitalized with COVID-19
- Author
- ?ivko Iris
- Abbass Hakam
- Abdeladim Lilia
- Abdelhady Hesham
- Abdelkharim Hussam
- Abdelrazik Marwa
- Abdi Zakee
- Abdukahil Sheryl Ann
- Abel Lynn
- Abraham Jacinta
- Abrahamson Gail
- Abusamra Yousuf
- Aceto Romina
- Adams Nick
- Adams Peter
- Adebambo Olumide
- Adhikari Neill
- Adhikari Sheetal
- Affleck Julia
- Agha Gloria
- Aghemo Alessio
- Agno Ronan
- Ahmad Norfaizan
- Ain Quratul
- Ainscough Kate
- Ainsworth James
- Aitken Lindianne
- Akamp Ceren
- Al Enezi Farhan
- Al-Bassam Wisam
- Al-Beidh Farah
- Albert Martin
- Albrett Jonathan
- Alderman Meera
- Aldo Bonizzoni Matteo
- Alegria Ana
- Alessandro Carà Gianmarco
- Alexander Brian
- Alexander Peter
- Alfonso Jordan
- Ali Maryam
- Ali Murtaza
- Allam Hayat
- Allen Barbara
- Allen Louise
- Allibone Suzanne
- Almeshhedani Hasham
- AlQahtani Samah
- Alswaidan Lolowa
- Altomy Mohammed
- Al Amri Ali
- Al Qasim Eman
- Amatya Sameena
- Ambrosino Richard
- Anderson Thomas
- Andreae Mark
- Aneman Anders
- Angus Derek C.
- Anjum Aisha
- Ankert Juliane
- Annane Djillali
- Anne-Laure Fedou
- Anstey Matthew
- Antcliffe David
- Anthony Alpha
- Antoine Marchalot
- Antoine Pierre
- Antoine Studer
- Anumakonda Vikram
- Aparicio Christelle
- Aquino Maia
- Arabi Yaseen M.
- Arachchige Malka
- Aravindan Latha
- Arbane Gill
- Archambault Patrick
- Archer Simon
- Aref Noah
- Arias Ana-Marie
- Arias Sonia
- Arishi Hatim
- Arnold Donald
- Arnold John
- Arnott Andrew
- Arora Anand
- Aryal Diptesh
- Asghar Adeeba
- Asif Namra
- Aspinwall Angelique
- Attokaran Antony
- Attwood Ben
- Au Carly
- Audry Mathilde
- Austin Karen
- Austin Pauline
- Auvet Adrien
- Avard Bronwyn
- Awan Sidra
- Ayee Robert
- Azaiz Amine
- Azzaui Harun
- Babu Suresh
- Bacon Gina
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- Badie Julio
- Bagavathy Kavitha
- Bagot Catherine
- Bagshaw Sean
- Baig Nadia
- Baikady Ravishankar
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- Wren Lynn
- Wrey Brown Caroline
- Wright Chris
- Wright Kim
- Wunderley Renee
- Wyatt Rachel
- Wylie Katharine
- Xavier Kugan
- Yamagishi Yoshiaki
- Yamashita Chizuru
- Yang Yang
- Yarad Elizabeth
- Yates Bryan
- Yates David
- Yealy Donald
- Young Ian
- Young Meredith
- Young Paul
- Youngstein Taryn
- Yu Haili
- Yusuff Hakeem
- Zaharia Mihaela
- Zaidi Abbas
- Zaki Ahmed
- Zaman Mohsin
- Zarychanski Ryan
- Zdanavidiene Ausra
- Zhao Xiao
- Zinzoni Vanessa
- Zitter Letizia
- Zouita Louisa
- Publication venue
- 'American Medical Association (AMA)'
- Publication date
- 11/04/2023
- Field of study
IMPORTANCE Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19.
Objective To determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) initiation improves outcomes in patients hospitalized for COVID-19.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In an ongoing, adaptive platform randomized clinical trial, 721 critically ill and 58 non–critically ill hospitalized adults were randomized to receive an RAS inhibitor or control between March 16, 2021, and February 25, 2022, at 69 sites in 7 countries (final follow-up on June 1, 2022).
INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to receive open-label initiation of an ACE inhibitor (n = 257), ARB (n = 248), ARB in combination with DMX-200 (a chemokine receptor-2 inhibitor; n = 10), or no RAS inhibitor (control; n = 264) for up to 10 days.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was organ support–free days, a composite of hospital survival and days alive without cardiovascular or respiratory organ support through 21 days. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model. Odds ratios (ORs) greater than 1 represent improved outcomes.
RESULTS On February 25, 2022, enrollment was discontinued due to safety concerns. Among 679 critically ill patients with available primary outcome data, the median age was 56 years and 239 participants (35.2%) were women. Median (IQR) organ support–free days among critically ill patients was 10 (–1 to 16) in the ACE inhibitor group (n = 231), 8 (–1 to 17) in the ARB group (n = 217), and 12 (0 to 17) in the control group (n = 231) (median adjusted odds ratios of 0.77 [95% bayesian credible interval, 0.58-1.06] for improvement for ACE inhibitor and 0.76 [95% credible interval, 0.56-1.05] for ARB compared with control). The posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitors and ARBs worsened organ support–free days compared with control were 94.9% and 95.4%, respectively. Hospital survival occurred in 166 of 231 critically ill participants (71.9%) in the ACE inhibitor group, 152 of 217 (70.0%) in the ARB group, and 182 of 231 (78.8%) in the control group (posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitor and ARB worsened hospital survival compared with control were 95.3% and 98.1%, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this trial, among critically ill adults with COVID-19, initiation of an ACE inhibitor or ARB did not improve, and likely worsened, clinical outcomes.
TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0273570
Glossary and Organizational Resources
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- Homeland Security Institute
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- Publication venue
- 'Informa UK Limited'
- Publication date
- Field of study
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- Wei H Zhu
- Wei Wang
- Weihua Lu
- Wenkui Yu
- Wenwen Li
- William Stigler
- Xavier Wittebole
- Xian Y Zhao
- Xiao B Huang
- Xiao L Li
- Xiaoming Luo
- Xing Y Zhang
- Xinyu Li
- Ya Q Wu
- Yaasen Arabi
- Yan Gao
- Yaseen M Arabi
- Yasuaki Ogino
- Yi Han
- Yimin Li
- Yonghao Xu
- Yoshihiro Yamaji
- Yoshinobu Kameyama
- Younsuck Koh
- Youssef Haddad
- Youzhong An
- Yozo Kashiwa
- Yu D Di
- Yuan N Gao
- Yuan Y Li
- Yuanhua Lu
- Yves D Jarquin-Badiola
- Zhe Zhai
- Zheng L Ye
- Zhenyang He
- Zhou Li-Xin
- Ángela Algaba
- Ángela González-Salamanca
- Ñ P Nassar Jr
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2021
- Field of study
ackground: To determine the frequency of, and factors associated with, death in hospital following ICU discharge to the ward.
Methods: The Large observational study to UNderstand the Global impact of Severe Acute respiratory FailurE study was an international, multicenter, prospective cohort study of patients with severe respiratory failure, conducted across 459 ICUs from 50 countries globally. This study aimed to understand the frequency and factors associated with death in hospital in patients who survived their ICU stay. We examined outcomes in the subpopulation discharged with no limitations of life sustaining treatments ('treatment limitations'), and the subpopulations with treatment limitations.
Results: 2186 (94%) patients with no treatment limitations discharged from ICU survived, while 142 (6%) died in hospital. 118 (61%) of patients with treatment limitations survived while 77 (39%) patients died in hospital. Patients without treatment limitations that died in hospital after ICU discharge were older, more likely to have COPD, immunocompromise or chronic renal failure, less likely to have trauma as a risk factor for ARDS. Patients that died post ICU discharge were less likely to receive neuromuscular blockade, or to receive any adjunctive measure, and had a higher pre- ICU discharge non-pulmonary SOFA score. A similar pattern was seen in patients with treatment limitations that died in hospital following ICU discharge.
Conclusions: A significant proportion of patients die in hospital following discharge from ICU, with higher mortality in patients with limitations of life-sustaining treatments in place. Non-survivors had higher systemic illness severity scores at ICU discharge than survivors