Community Resistance and Discretionary Strategies in Planning Sustainable Development: The Case of Colorado Cities

How bureaucrats exercise administrative discretion is an enduring question in urban planning and democratic governance. Conflicts between urban planners’ professional recommendations and community stakeholders’ demands play out especially in the sustainable development context, where planners confront value conflicts between environmental, economic, and social goals. This article investigates the sources of community resistance to sustainable development and the discretionary strategies planners employ to persuade communities towards a more sustainable future. Utilizing a descriptive case study design, we examine four Colorado cities experiencing growth and community resistance to sustainable development practices. We find that while planners face community resistance from a multitude of sources, including developer pressures, NIMBYism and density concerns, and distrust of the planning profession, planners also work within their discretionary space using interdepartmental coordination, communication and outreach, data and evidence, rule changes, and neutral stewardship to encourage sustainable development. Implications for planning practice and future research are discussed

Automorphism groups of positive entropy on minimal projective varieties

We determine the geometric structure of a minimal projective threefold having two `independent and commutative' automorphisms of positive topological entropy, and generalize this result to higher-dimensional smooth minimal pairs (X, G). As a consequence, we give an effective lower bound for the first dynamical degree of these automorphisms of X fitting the `boundary case'.Comment: Advances in Mathematics (to appear); 11 page

Complementary vertices and adjacency testing in polytopes

Our main theoretical result is that, if a simple polytope has a pair of complementary vertices (i.e., two vertices with no facets in common), then it has at least two such pairs, which can be chosen to be disjoint. Using this result, we improve adjacency testing for vertices in both simple and non-simple polytopes: given a polytope in the standard form {x \in R^n | Ax = b and x \geq 0} and a list of its V vertices, we describe an O(n) test to identify whether any two given vertices are adjacent. For simple polytopes this test is perfect; for non-simple polytopes it may be indeterminate, and instead acts as a filter to identify non-adjacent pairs. Our test requires an O(n^2 V + n V^2) precomputation, which is acceptable in settings such as all-pairs adjacency testing. These results improve upon the more general O(nV) combinatorial and O(n^3) algebraic adjacency tests from the literature.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures. v1: published in COCOON 2012. v2: full journal version, which strengthens and extends the results in Section 2 (see p1 of the paper for details

Exile Vol. XXI No. 1

FICTION Lonely Wire Hangers by Larry Weber 7-11 untitled by Peggy Gifford 15-16 Anything by Joe Bolster 20-21 Easter Story by Ellen Claffy 25-27 Melanie by Dawn Patnode 31-34 PHOTOGRAPHY by Nanny Trippe 4, 22, 24, 28 by Geoffery Yeomans 6, 11, 17, 28, 30, 35, 36, 40 POETRY untitled by Martin Cloran 5 Mirror, Mirror by Tigger Montague 12 Twenty-Two Year Decay by Tigger Montague 13 Rice Puddin\u27 by Mary Mueller 14 untitled by Sharon Singleton 18 untitled by Sharon Singleton 19 untitled by Kim McMullen 23 Audience by Dawn Patnode 29 Extinction by Vic Coccimiglio 37 The Only Way I Know Her by Vic Coccimiglio 38 Touch by Vic Coccimiglio 38 Family by Vic Coccimiglio 3

The expression and localization of inhibin isotypes in mouse testis during postnatal development

Inhibin, which is important for normal gonadal function, acts on the pituitary gonadotropins to suppress follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion. The level and cellular localization of the inhibin isotypes, α, βA and βB, in the testis of mice were examined during postnatal development in order to determine if inhibin expression is related to testicular maturation. Mouse testes were sampled on postnatal days (PNDs) 1, 3, 6, 18, 48 and 120, and analyzed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. Western blot analysis showed very low levels of inhibin α, βA and βB expression in the testes at days 1 to 6 after birth. The levels then increased gradually from PND 18 to 48-120, and there were significant peaks at PND 48. Inhibin α, βA and βB were detected in testicular cells during postnatal development using immunohistochemistry. The immunoreactivity of inhibin α was rarely observed in testicular cells during PND 1 to 6, or in the cytoplasmic process of Sertoli cells surrounding the germ cells and interstitial cells during PND 18 to 120. Inhibin βA and βB immunoreactivity was rarely observed in the testis from PND 1 to 6. On the other hand, it was observed in some spermatogonial cells, as well as in the interstitial space between PND 48 and PND 120. We conclude that the expression of inhibin isotypes increases progressively in the testis of mice with increasing postnatal age, suggesting that inhibin is associated with a negative feedback signal for FSH in testicular maturation