6,395 research outputs found
Use of thermal infrared and colour infrared imagery to detect crop moisture stress
The author has identified the following significant results. In the presence of variable plant cover (primarily percent cover) and variable available water content, the remotely sensed apparent temperatures correlate closely with plant cover and poorly with soil water. To the extent that plant cover is not systematically related to available soil water, available water in the root zone values may not be reliably predicted from the thermal infrared data. On the other hand, if plant cover is uniform and the soil surface is shown in a minor way, the thermal data indicate plant stress and consequently available water in the soil profile
Spin Bose-Metal phase in a spin-1/2 model with ring exchange on a two-leg triangular strip
Recent experiments on triangular lattice organic Mott insulators have found
evidence for a 2D spin liquid in proximity to the metal-insulator transition. A
Gutzwiller wavefunction study of the triangular lattice Heisenberg model with
appropriate four-spin ring exchanges has found that the projected spinon Fermi
sea state has a low variational energy. This wavefunction, together with a
slave particle gauge theory, suggests that such spin liquid possesses spin
correlations that are singular along surfaces in momentum space ("Bose
surfaces"). Signatures of this state, which we refer to as a "Spin Bose-Metal"
(SBM), are expected to be manifest in quasi-1D ladder systems: The discrete
transverse momenta cut through the 2D Bose surface leading to a distinct
pattern of 1D gapless modes. Here we search for a quasi-1D descendant of the
triangular lattice SBM state by exploring the Heisenberg plus ring model on a
two-leg strip (zigzag chain). Using DMRG, variational wavefunctions, and a
Bosonization analysis, we map out the full phase diagram. Without ring exchange
the model is equivalent to the J_1 - J_2 Heisenberg chain, and we find the
expected Bethe-chain and dimerized phases. Remarkably, moderate ring exchange
reveals a new gapless phase over a large swath of the phase diagram. Spin and
dimer correlations possess particular singular wavevectors and allow us to
identify this phase as the hoped for quasi-1D descendant SBM state. We derive a
low energy theory and find three gapless modes and one Luttinger parameter
controlling all power laws. Potential instabilities out of the zigzag SBM give
rise to other interesting phases such as a period-3 VBS or a period-4 Chirality
order, which we discover in the DMRG; we also find an interesting SBM state
with partial ferromagnetism.Comment: 30 pages, 23 figure
Ferromagnetism, paramagnetism and a Curie-Weiss metal in an electron doped Hubbard model on a triangular lattice
Motivated by the unconventional properties and rich phase diagram of NaxCoO2
we consider the electronic and magnetic properties of a two-dimensional Hubbard
model on an isotropic triangular lattice doped with electrons away from
half-filling. Dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT) calculations predict that for
negative inter-site hopping amplitudes (t<0) and an on-site Coulomb repulsion,
U, comparable to the bandwidth, the system displays properties typical of a
weakly correlated metal. In contrast, for t>0 a large enhancement of the
effective mass, ferromagnetism and a Curie-Weiss magnetic susceptibility are
found in a broad electron doping range. Our observation of Nagaoka
ferromagnetism is consistent with the A-type antiferromagnetism (i.e.
ferromagnetic layers stacked antiferromagnetically) observed in neutron
scattering experiments on NaxCoO2. We propose that `Curie-Weiss metal' phase
observed in NaxCoO2 is a consequence of the crossover from ``bad metal'' with
incoherent quasiparticles at temperatures T>T* and Fermi liquid behavior with
enhanced parameters below T*, where T* is a low energy coherence scale induced
by strong local Coulomb electron correlations. We propose a model which
contains the charge ordering phenomena observed in the system which, we
propose, drives the system close to the Mott insulating phase even at large
dopings.Comment: 24 pages, 15 figures; accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Spin Bose-Metal and Valence Bond Solid phases in a spin-1/2 model with ring exchanges on a four-leg triangular ladder
We study a spin-1/2 system with Heisenberg plus ring exchanges on a four-leg
triangular ladder using the density matrix renormalization group and Gutzwiller
variational wave functions. Near an isotropic lattice regime, for moderate to
large ring exchanges we find a spin Bose-metal phase with a spinon Fermi sea
consisting of three partially filled bands. Going away from the triangular
towards the square lattice regime, we find a staggered dimer phase with dimers
in the transverse direction, while for small ring exchanges the system is in a
featureless rung phase. We also discuss parent states and a possible phase
diagram in two dimensions.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, v3 is the print versio
The effect of GSM-like ELF radiation on the alpha band of the human resting EEG
Mobile phone handsets such as those operating in the GSM network emit extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields ranging from DC to at least 40 kHz. As a subpart of an extended protocol, the influence of these fields on the human resting EEG has been investigated in a fully counter balanced, double blind, cross-over design study that recruited 72 healthy volunteers. A decrease in the alpha frequency band was observed during the 20 minutes of ELF exposure in the exposed hemisphere only. This result suggests that ELF fields as emitted from GSM handsets during the DTX mode may have an effect on the resting alpha band of the human EEG
Effect of Dairy Effluent on Turnip Yields
Dairy effluent is a significant point source in the pollution of waterways. Only 50% of dairy farms in the dryland regions of Victoria, Australia, have suitable dairy effluent systems of which only 25% are managed effectively (IRIS Research 2000). Despite many farmers viewing effluent as an undesirable waste, it contains relatively large amounts of agronomically valuable nutrients especially nitrogen (N) and potassium (K). Results are reported from the first two years of a three year study comparing turnip leaf and root dry matter (DM) responses to a range of dairy effluent rates
Responses of Irrigated Pasture Nutritive Characteristics to Summer Nitrogen Fertiliser
Low summer rainfall in southwest Victoria, Australia, restricts pasture growth and reduces pasture nutritive value thereby limiting potential milk production. One fifth of dairy farmers in the region have some capacity to irrigate during summer and nitrogen (N) fertiliser is used to enhance pasture dry matter (DM) yield. Data on the effects of N fertiliser on irrigated pasture nutritive characteristics during summer in southwest Victoria are lacking. Two experiments determined the potential of N fertiliser to improve pasture nutritive (crude protein, CP and metabolisable energy, ME) value during summer
Enhancing Water Use Efficiency on Irrigated Dairy Pastures with Nitrogen Fertiliser
Low summer rainfall in southwest Victoria, Australia, restricts pasture growth and limits milk production. One fifth of dairy farmers in the region have some capacity to irrigate during summer. Irrigated dairy pastures are relatively poor utilisers of water with water use efficiencies (WUE) of about 1 t DM/ML water (Ward et al. 1998). Using nitrogen (N) fertiliser may increase dry matter (DM) yields for a given amount of water. Data on N response efficiencies from irrigated pasture in southwest Victoria are lacking. Two experiments determined the potential of N fertiliser to maximise the conversion of irrigated water to pasture DM
The Effect of Perennial Ryegrass Cultivar Lock up Length and Nitrogen on Forage Quality for Silage
A study was undertaken to determine the effects of three perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cultivars (Vedette, Impact and Nevis) with differing maturities, lock up length and nitrogen (N) application upon the dry matter (DM) yield and nutritive characteristics of pasture for silage. The addition of N at 50 kgN/ha significantly (P\u3c 0.05) increased DM yield for all cultivars. Metabolisable energy (ME) (MJ/kgDM) of the ryegrass declined with time for all treatments, although by week 8 of lock up the ME content of Vedette was significantly (P\u3c 0.05) lower than for other cultivars. When the DM yield and ME content of ryegrass at early ear emergence for each cultivar was compared, the harvestable metabolisable energy (MJ/ha) was highest for Nevis followed by Impact and Vedette. In conclusion, there is potential to use later maturing cultivars of ryegrass in south east Australia to allow for later harvesting of forage for silage, whilst maintaining ME and maximising DM yields. Furthermore the use of N fertiliser can also increase DM yields without impinging on pasture quality
Exact Results for the Crossover from Gaussian to Non-Gaussian Order Parameter Fluctuations in Quasi One-Dimensional Electronic Systems
The physics of quasi one-dimensional Peierls systems is dominated by order
parameter fluctuations. We present an algorithm which allows for the first time
to exactly calculate physical properties of the electrons gas coupled to
classical order parameter fluctuations. The whole range from the Gaussian
regime dominated by amplitude fluctuations to the non-Gaussian regime dominated
by phase fluctuations is accessible. Our results provide insight into the
'pseudogap' phenomenon occurring in underdoped high-temperature
superconductors, quasi one-dimensional organic conductors and liquid metals.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review
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