Geophysical Expression of the Northern Part of the Mono-Inyo Volcanic Chain, Mono Basin, California

The Mono Domes are located at the northernmost end of the Mono-Inyo volcanic chain just north of the Long Valley Caldera and include more than 30 overlapping domes and coulees that follow an arcuate trend. A shallow basement high, possibly bounded by a fault, as suggested by potential-field models of data collected in Mono Basin, California, may have influenced the geometry and location of the Mono Domes. Over 320 new gravity stations and approximately 297 line-km of ground magnetic data were collected during the summer of 2010 to investigate the subsurface structure of the Mono Basin. Regional gravity data were collected throughout the basin, and ground magnetic data were collected on major roads along numerous transects throughout the region, one of which was coincident with a seismic refraction line. Gravity and magnetic data were compiled with pre-existing data from studies dating back to the 1960\u27s to produce a new regional isostatic gravity anomaly map and ground magnetic profiles throughout the basin. Aeromagnetic and ground magnetic data revealed an anomalous ring-shaped magnetic high centered over Aeolian Buttes, whose eastern margin follows the arcuate trend of the Mono Domes. This magnetic high is essentially coincident with what Kistler (1966) inferred to be a ring-fracture. Two-dimensional forward modeling of potential field data along a profile across the basin suggests a basement high, or ridge, at roughly 700 m depth, the eastern edge of which lies beneath the Mono Domes. The basement ridge is probably fractured, as suggested by potential field data, indicating a possible pre-existing fault beneath the Mono Domes. This fault is along the eastern edge of the basement ridge and could have served as a conduit for the Mono Domes feeder dike

How to Better Support Individuals Who have a Special Needs Sibling

The purpose of this study was to understand the emotions of a neurotypically developing sibling. This study also attempted to understand how caregivers can best support the neurotypical sibling in the areas of self-concept and overall wellbeing. The gap is knowledge is how to better support neurotypical developing siblings specifically in the areas of self-concept and overall well being. Three participants were interviewed to gain insight about their experiences with their special needs sibling. Participants who participated in a support group for neurotypical developing children with a SNS were surveyed to gain insight about their experiences with the support group. Through the qualitative method approach, it was found that the neurotypical sibling experiences a variety of emotions that include happy, calm, angry, anxiety, worry, and accepting.The survey responses provided evidence that support groups are beneficial and can provide emotional support in the areas of self-concept and overall well being

The Doctrine of Clarifications

Clarifications are a longstanding but little-studied concept in statutory interpretation. Most courts have found that clarifying amendments to preexisting statutes bypass retroactivity limitations. Therein lies their power. Because clarifications simply restate the law, they do not implicate the presumption against retroactivity that Landgraf v. USI Film Products embedded in civil-statute interpretation. The problem that courts have yet to address is how exactly clarifying legislation can be distinguished from legislation that substantively changes the law. What exactly is a clarification? The courts’ answers implicate many of the entrenched debates in statutory interpretation. This Note offers three primary contributions. First, it summarizes the existing doctrine of clarifications as it has been established in the federal circuits and highlights the important implications of their approaches. Second, it argues that clarifications are an important tool for courts and lawmaking bodies. Third, it provides a more intelligible taxonomy for courts to use, including specific factors that ought to guide their determination of whether an amendment clarifies the law