Can Minority Voting Rights Survive \u3cem\u3eMiller v. Johnson\u3c/em\u3e

Part I of this Article reviews the congressional redistricting process in Georgia, particularly the State\u27s efforts to comply with the Voting Rights Act and avoid the dilution of minority voting strength. Part II describes the plaintiffs\u27 constitutional challenge and the State\u27s asserted defenses, or more accurately its lack of asserted defenses. Part III argues that the decision of the majority rests upon wholly false assumptions about the colorblindness of the political process and the harm caused by remedial redistricting. Part IV notes the expansion in Miller of the cause of action first recognized in Shaw v. Reno. Part V comments on the lack of clear, fair standards in Miller and how that will impact upon legislative decision making and litigation. Part VI discusses the negative impact of the decision, which allows, for the first time, local federal district courts directly to review the preclearance decisions of the Attorney General on the administration of section 5 of the Voting Rights Act. Part VII argues that Miller has the potential for purging substantial numbers of minorities from elected office in the South and wiping out many of the gains so painstakingly won under the Voting Rights Act over the last thirty years

The Quiet Revolution in Minority Voting Rights

The modern voting rights movement began with passage of the Voting Rights Act of 19651 and was essentially black and southern. To-day that movement, propelled by a series of congressional amendments to the Act, favorable court decisions, and the concerted efforts of minority and civil rights communities, is multiracial and national in character. It is also having an increasingly profound impact on American politics. Although the 1965 Act had provisions that applied nationwide,Congress intentionally targeted seven states of the old Confederacy-Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina, Virginia, and portions of North Carolina-for the application of unique and stringent measures described by the Supreme Court as the heart of the Act. The new measures suspended discriminatory literacy and other tests which had been used to deny blacks the vote. The Act also prohibited the affected jurisdictions from enacting any new discriminatory laws by requiring them for a period of five years to pre-clear all changes in their election practices with federal officials

Proposed Amendments to the Voting Rights Act of 1965

Shelby County Invalidated the Section 5 Coverage Formula In Shelby County, Alabama v. Holder, 133 S.Ct. 2612, 2627 (2013), the Supreme Court, in a closely divided 5-4 decision, held the coverage formula of the Voting Rights Act, Section 4(b), 52 U.S.C. § 10303(b), was unconstitutional because it “is based on decades-old data and eradicated practices.” The coverage formula, first enacted in 1965 and extended in 1970, 1975, 1982, and 2006, was based on whether a state or political subdivision..

The Administration of a Republican Form of Government (enforcement)

Panel on enforcement

Edge Excitations of the ν=2/3\nu = 2/3 Spin-Singlet Quantum Hall State

The spectrum of edge excitations is derived for the spin-unpolarized $\nu = 2$ and $\nu = 2/3$ FQHE. Numerical diagonalization of a system of six electrons on a disc confirms that the edge $\nu = 2/3$ spin-singlet FQHE state consists of oppositely directed spin and charge branches on the same physical edge. The highly correlated $\nu = 2/3$ singlet edge is shown to have the same spin branch as the $\nu = 2$ singlet edge, providing evidence that the same $SU(2)_{k = 1}$ Kac-Moody algebra describes all unmixed spin branches. The spin and charge branches of the singlet state at $\nu = 2/3$ are less coupled than the two branches of the spin-polarized state at the same filling factor, suggesting that the conductance along an edge may increase sharply across the polarized-unpolarized transition.Comment: 7 pages, LaTeX using prb.sty, 2 short PostScript figure

Degeneracy of Multi-Component Quantum Hall States Satisfying Periodic Boundary Conditions

In systems subject to periodic boundary conditions, Haldane has shown that states at arbitrary filling fraction possess a degeneracy with respect to center of mass translations. An analysis is carried out for multi-component electron systems and extra degeneracies are shown to exist. Their application to numerical studies is discussed.Comment: 16 pages, REVTEX v3.0, revised manuscrip

On the formation of Wigner molecules in small quantum dots

It was recently argued that in small quantum dots the electrons could crystallize at much higher densities than in the infinite two-dimensional electron gas. We compare predictions that the onset of spin polarization and the formation of Wigner molecules occurs at a density parameter $r_s\approx 4 a_B^*$ to the results of a straight-forward diagonalization of the Hamiltonian matrix

Influence of prior anterograde shear rate exposure on exercise-induced brachial artery dilation

Shear rate can elicit substantial adaptations to vascular endothelial function. Recent studies indicate that prior exposure to anterograde flow and shear increases endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilation at rest and that anterograde shear can create an anti-atherosclerotic and provasodilatory state. The primary aim of the present study was therefore to determine the effects of prior exposure to anterograde shear on exercise-induced brachial artery dilation, total forearm blood flow (FBF), and vascular conductance (FVC) during dynamic handgrip exercise. Eight men completed a constant-load exercise test corresponding to 10% maximal voluntary contraction, prior to (baseline) and following a 40 min shear rate intervention (post-SRI) achieved via unilateral forearm heating, which has previously been shown to increase anterograde shear rate in the brachial artery. During the SRI, anterograde shear rate increased 60.9 ± 29.2 sec−1 above baseline (P < 0.05). Post-SRI, the exercise-induced brachial artery vasodilation was significantly increased compared to baseline (4.1 ± 0.7 vs. 4.3 ± 0.6 mm, P < 0.05). Post-SRI FBF mean response time (33.2 ± 16.0 vs. 23.0 ± 11.8 sec, P < 0.05) and FVC mean response time (31.1 ± 12.8 20.2 ± 10.7 sec, P < 0.05) at exercise onset were accelerated compared to baseline. These findings demonstrate that prior exposure to anterograde shear rate increases the vascular responses to exercise and supports the possible beneficial effects of anterograde shear rate in vivo.Ye