Prospective Study of 114 Consecutive Episodes of Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteremia

From 1 April 1983 to 31 October 1985, 114 episodes of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) were identified in 111 patients at the Buffalo Veterans Administration Medical Center. Only 14% of the episodes were community-acquired, and 29% were due to methicillin-resistant strains. The commonest foci of SAB were intravascular catheters (33%), postoperative wounds (11%), skin infections (7%), and pulmonary infections (7%). Complications were infrequent, with endocarditis in two patients and metastatic infection in one. Mortality due to SAB was 32%, with no difference in mortality between community-acquired and hospital-acquired SAB. Although not statistically significant, there was a trend of higher mortality for methicillin-resistant SAB (42%) than for methicillin-sensitive SAB (28%) and for patients with no focus of SAB (43%) than for those with a defined primary focus (28%). A review of studies of SAB published since 1940 revealed several trends. SAB is now predominately a nosocomial infection; intravascular-catheter infection has become the commonest cause of SAB; with several exceptions, the risk of endocarditis in patients with SAB is low (5%-20%); mortality due to SAB has decreased over the past 40 years but not over the past 10 years

Implementations of a model of physical sorting

We define a computational model of physical devices that have a parallel atomic operation that transforms their input, an unordered list, in such a way that their output, the sorted list, can be sequentially read off in linear time. We show that several commonly-used scientific laboratory techniques (from biology, chemistry, and physics) are instances of the model and we provide experimental implementations

Implementations of a model of physical sorting

We define a computational model of physical devices that have a parallel atomic operation that transforms their input, an unordered list, in such a way that their output, the sorted list, can be sequentially read off in linear time. We show that several commonly-used scientific laboratory techniques (from biology, chemistry, and physics) are instances of the model and we provide experimental implementations

Lesbian and bisexual women's human rights, sexual rights and sexual citizenship: negotiating sexual health in England.

Lesbian and bisexual women's sexual health is neglected in much Government policy and practice in England and Wales. This paper examines lesbian and bisexual women's negotiation of sexual health, drawing on findings from a small research project. Themes explored include invisibility and lack of information, influences on decision-making and sexual activities and experiences of services and barriers to sexual healthcare. Key issues of importance in this respect are homophobic and heterosexist social contexts. Drawing on understandings of lesbian, gay and bisexual human rights, sexual rights and sexual citizenship, it is argued that these are useful lenses through which to examine and address lesbian and bisexual women's sexual health and related inequalities

Nuclear Medium Effects in the Relativistic Treatment of Quasifree Electron Scattering

Non-relativistic reduction of the S-matrix for the quasifree electron scattering process $A\left(~e, e'p~\right)A-1$ is studied in order to understand the source of differences between non-relativistic and relativistic models. We perform an effective Pauli reduction on the relativistic expression for the S-matrix in the one-photon exchange approximation. The reduction is applied to the nucleon current only; the electrons are treated fully relativistically. An expansion of the amplitude results in a power series in the nuclear potentials. The series is found to converge rapidly only if the nuclear potentials are included in the nuclear current operator. The results can be cast in a form which reproduces the non-relativistic amplitudes in the limit that the potentials are removed from the nuclear current operator. Large differences can be found between calculations which do and do not include the nuclear potentials in the different orders of the nuclear current operator. In the high missing momentum region we find that the non-relativistic calculations with potentials included in the nuclear current up to second order give results which are close to those of the fully relativistic calculation. This behavior is an indication of the importance of the medium modifications of the nuclear currents in this model, which are naturally built into the relativistic treatment of the reaction.Comment: Latex, 26 pages including 5 uuencoded postscript figures. accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. C

Spectroscopic Factors in 40^{40}Ca and 208^{208}Pb from (e,e′p)(e,e'p): Fully Relativistic Analysis

We present results for spectroscopic factors of the outermost shells in $^{40}$Ca and $^{208}$Pb, which have been derived from the comparison between the available quasielastic ($e,e'p$) data from NIKHEF-K and the corresponding calculated cross-sections obtained within a fully relativistic formalism. We include exactly the effect of Coulomb distortion on the electron wave functions and discuss its role in the extraction of the spectroscopic factors from experiment. Without any adjustable parameter, we find spectroscopic factors of about 70\%, consistent with theoretical predictions. We compare our results with previous relativistic and nonrelativistic analyses of ($e,e'p$) data. In addition to Coulomb distortion effects we discuss different choices of the nucleon current operator and also analyze the effects due to the relativistic treatment of the outgoing-distorted and bound nucleon wave functions.Comment: 9 pages RevTeX, 5 figures can be obtained from the author

Relativistic versus Nonrelativistic Optical Potentials in A(e,e'p)B Reactions

We investigate the role of relativistic and nonrelativistic optical potentials used in the analysis of ($e,e'p$) data. We find that the relativistic calculations produce smaller ($e,e'p$) cross sections even in the case in which both relativistic and nonrelativistic optical potentials fit equally well the elastic proton--nucleus scattering data. Compared to the nonrelativistic impulse approximation, this effect is due to a depletion in the nuclear interior of the relativistic nucleon current, which should be taken into account in the nonrelativistic treatment by a proper redefinition of the effective current operator.Comment: Added one new figure, the formalism section has been enlarged and the list of references updated. Added one appendix. This version will appear in Phys. Rev. C. Revtex 3.0, 6 figures (not included). Full postscript version of the file and figures available at http://www.nikhefk.nikhef.nl/projects/Theory/preprints

Features of dog ecology relevant to rabies spread in Machakos District, Kenya

A random sample of households in Machakos District of Kenya was surveyed using personal interviews to determine features of dog ecology relevant to the spread of rabies. A mean of 1,35 dogs/household, a dog to person ratio of 1:9,6 and a mean of 10,4 dogs/km² were estimated. The male to female ratio was 1:0,67 with 26% of the dog population being less than three months old. The dogs had a mean age of 1,8 years. The proportion of the dogs which fed on household leftovers and waste was 94,7%. Dogs were restricted in 19,4% of the households, while 69% of the dogs spent all of their time free outdoors. One-third of the dog population over three months old had been vaccinated against rabies. Considering the endemic status of rabies in Machakos District, methods which could be devised to control the disease are discussed.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.mn201