Independence and Alpern Multitowers

Let $T$ be any invertible, ergodic, aperiodic measure-preserving transformation of a Lebesgue probability space (X, \calB, \mu), and \P\, any finite measurable partition of $X$. We show that a (finite) Alpern multitower may always be constructed whose base is independent of \P

The Domestication of Dissent: Pundits' Contributions to the War on Terrorism

Using as an example a workshop on Islam sponsored by his own university, the author argues that the search for the essential heart of any social movement is a political edeavor insomuch as it is a form of classification that dehistoricizes complex mass social movements, representing them in ways that further the interests of those who carry out the classification

"The Common Ground On Which Students of Religion Meet": Methodology and Theory Within the IAHR

Only thanks to the guiding lights and the overwhelming majority of the members of the International Association for the History of Religions have the most recent world congresses of this body avoided slipping into congresses of religion after the model of the Parliament held in Chicago in 1893. If the history of religions is to preserve its spirit and further its autonomy, it must not only work out the peculiarities of its methods, it must also revive its religio-critical, or rather, its ideological function. - Kurt RudolphThe Need for Theories of ReligionApart from the meetings of the North American Association for the Study of Religion (NAASR), that coincide with both the American Academy of Religion's (AAR) and the Society for the Scientific Study of Religion's (SSSR) annual meetings, North American scholars have traditionally had few opportunities for meeting and discussing issues of theory and methodology with their colleagues in the wider field. Other than such sessions at the AAR's annual meetings for the History of the Study of Religion and Critical Theory 2 , there are few avenues for engaging in methodological critique and, perhaps more importantly, for developing and debating the merits of various theories of religion. Certainly there exist those well known publications on methods and theories rightly associated with the Chicago School in the History of Religions 3 , but they are generally limited to issues of description, interpretation, and understanding and remain completely devoid of efforts to develop explanations and theories of religion.

Homelessness: Relationships Between Program Completion at a Transformational Shelter and Mental Illness, Substance Abuse, and Trauma

Each and every evening many people do not have a home to return to. Solving the epidemic problem of homelessness is an ongoing pursuit. Analyzing issues related to homelessness will help solve the problem of homelessness for some individuals and families. Data was gathered, prioritized and analyzed to determine correlations and relationships between completion of a transformational shelter’s program and mental illness, substance abuse, and trauma. Demographic variables were assessed as well. A person is more likely to complete the program if they have a substance abuse issue. Females are more likely than males to complete the program. Program completion is more likely as a person gets older. This study is significant because as it communicates a 47.6% completion rate for this new transformational shelter located in the southwestern part of the United States. The contribution of this research is providing a greater understanding of the impact that substance abuse has on the homeless population. Additionally, an understanding that female members are experiencing a greater level of success at completing the program than men. Social workers can now be better equipped to meet the needs of individuals in their shelters. This study will add significance to the overall research on homelessness because there is currently limited research proving the validity of an integrated program available. This study is foundational to understanding the factors that contribute to homelessness and the relationships that these factors have with successful completion of the individualized program

Metastatic melanoma to the pituitary gland

Journal ArticleMetastasis to the pituitary gland is unusual, and occurs most often in patients with carcinomas of the breast or lung. Despite its propensity for spread to the brain, metastatic melanoma has rarely been described within the sella. Methods: We report two cases of malignant melanoma pathologically confirmed within the pituitary, both metastatic from a primary site on the chest wall. In each patient, transsphenoidal resection of the tumor was incomplete and each received local radiotherapy after surgery. Results: One patient recurred quickly and developed brain metastasis as well. He died four months after resection of the pituitary metastasis, but the second patient survived six months without recurrence. As intrasellar metastasis portends widespread systemic disease and may be synchronous with parenchymal brain metastasis, survival in such patients is limited regardless of adjunctive therapy. Conclusions: Such cases are likely to arise more commonly in future due to the increasing incidence of melanoma. Identifying them by imaging alone is difficult due to inconsistent signal characteristics on MRI (as shown by these cases) and the confusion introduced by any associated intratumoral hemorrhage

Language skills of profoundly deaf children who received cochlear implants under 12 months of age: a preliminary study

Conclusion. This study demonstrated that children who receive a cochlear implant below the age of 2 years obtain higher mean receptive and expressive language scores than children implanted over the age of 2 years. Objective. The purpose of this study was to compare the receptive and expressive language skills of children who received a cochlear implant before 1 year of age to the language skills of children who received an implant between 1 and 3 years of age. Subjects and methods. Standardized language measures, the Reynell Developmental Language Scale (RDLS) and the Preschool Language Scale (PLS), were used to assess the receptive and expressive language skills of 91 children who received an implant before their third birthday. Results. The mean receptive and expressive language scores for the RDLS and the PLS were slightly higher for the children who were implanted below the age of 2 years compared with the children who were implanted over 2 years old. For the PLS, both the receptive and expressive mean standard scores decreased with increasing age at implantation

An AT Mutational Bias in the Tiny GC-Rich Endosymbiont Genome of Hodgkinia

The fractional guanine + cytosine (GC) contents of sequenced bacterial genomes range from 13% to 75%. Despite several decades of research aimed at understanding this wide variation, the forces controlling GC content are not well understood. Recent work has suggested that a universal adenine + thymine (AT) mutational bias exists in all bacteria and that the elevated GC contents found in some bacterial genomes is due to genome-wide selection for increased GC content. These results are generally consistent with the low GC contents observed in most strict endosymbiotic bacterial genomes, where the loss of DNA repair mechanisms combined with the population genetic effects of small effective population sizes and decreased recombination should lower the efficacy of selection and shift the equilibrium GC content in the mutationally favored AT direction. Surprisingly, the two smallest bacterial genomes, Candidatus Hodgkinia cicadicola (144 kb) and Candidatus Tremblaya princeps (139 kb), have the unusual combination of highly reduced genomes and elevated GC contents, raising the possibility that these bacteria may be exceptions to the otherwise apparent universal bacterial AT mutational bias. Here, using population genomic data generated from the Hodgkinia genome project, we show that Hodgkinia has a clear AT mutational bias. These results provide further evidence that an AT mutational bias is universal in bacteria, even in strict endosymbionts with elevated genomic GC contents

The Spencer County, Indiana, Youth and His Undreamed of Immortality

Newspaper cartoon affixed to cardboard. Depicts A. Lincoln, A. Lincoln statue, etc.https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/fvw-artifacts/2579/thumbnail.jp

Exchange-free computation on an unknown qubit at a distance

We present a way of directly manipulating an arbitrary qubit, without the exchange of any particles. This includes as an application the exchange-free preparation of an arbitrary quantum state at Alice by a remote classical Bob. As a result, we are able to propose a protocol that allows one party to directly enact, by means of a suitable program, any computation exchange-free on a remote second party\u27s unknown qubit. Further, we show how to use this for the exchange-free control of a universal two-qubit gate, thus opening the possibility of directly enacting any desired algorithm remotely on a programmable quantum circuit