The strong man of China : Yuan Shih-kai, to whom his country\u27s waking millions look at the present crisis

11 pages, Extracted from Munsey\u27s magazine, vol. 58, no. 2, March 1916.https://digitalrepository.trincoll.edu/moore/1060/thumbnail.jp

Back to the Future: Use of Percentage Fee Arrangements in Common Fund Litigation

The premise of this Article is that common fund litigation will be most efficiently and beneficially prosecuted if attorney fees are awarded under a methodology that makes parallel the interests of counsel in the fee award and of the class in the recovery. The Article examines the historical uses of the percentage fee, the development of and problems with, hourly based methods of computing fees, and the renewed trend toward the use of percentage fee awards. It concludes that, unlike hourly based methodologies, percentage fee arrangements align the interests of counsel with the interests of both the class and the judicial system. The judicial return to percentage fee arrangements is a good idea that will result in prompt, efficient, and economic disposition of class action litigation

The Interaction of Federal Equitable Remedies with State Sovereignty—Puget Sound Gillnetters Association v. Moos, 88 Wn. 2d 677, 565 P.2d 1151 (1977)

The Washington Supreme Court held in Puget Sound Gillnetters Association v. Moos that the State Director of Fisheries did not have authority to issue regulations required by a federal court order guaranteeing treaty Indians the opportunity to catch specific percentages of various salmon runs. After attempting to act in the face of conflicting interpretations of his powers, the Director eventually bowed to the state court\u27s determination and refused to promulgate the regulations. To implement its order, the federal court assumed control of the Washington salmon fisheries. This conflict between the federal and state court decisions raises two general questions. The first involves the validity of state-imposed limitations on the power of state officers which interfere with the enforcement and protection of federal rights. The second involves the scope of the federal judiciary\u27s power to order state officers to perform affirmative acts

Examination of an Aloe Vera Galacturonate Polysaccharide Capable of In Situ Gelation for the Controlled Release of Protein Therapeutics

A therapeutic delivery platform has been investigated with the ultimate goal of designing a sustained protein release matrix utilizing an in-situ gelling, acidic polysaccharide derived from the Aloe vera plant. The Aloe vera polysaccharide (AvP) has been examined in order to determine how chemical composition, structure, molecular weight and solution behavior affect gelation and protein/peptide delivery. Correlations are drawn between structural characteristics and solution behavior in order to determine the impact of polymer conformation and solvation on gel formation under conditions designed to simulate nasal applications. Steady state and dynamic rheology, classic and dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, pulse field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance and fluorescence spectroscopy have been employed to gain insight into the effects of galacturonic acid content, degree of methylation, entanglement and ionic strength on both solution behavior and the hydrogel state which ultimately governs protein/peptide release. This dissertation is divided into two sections. In the first section, a series of Aloe vera polysaccharides (AvP), from the pectin family have been structurally characterized indicating high galacturonic acid (GalA) content, low degree of methylester substitution (DM), low numbers of rhamnose residues and high molecular weight with respect to pectins extracted from traditional sources. The behavior of AvP was examined utilizing dilute solution, low-shear rheological techniques for specific molecular weight samples at selected conditions of ionic strength. From these dilute aqueous solution studies, the Mark-Houwink-Sakurada (MHS) constants (K and a), persistence length (Lp) and inherent chain stiffness (B parameter) were determined, indicating an expanded random coil in aqueous salt solutions. The critical concentration for transition from dilute to concentrated solution, Ce, was determined by measuring both the zero shear viscosity and fluorescence emission of the probe molecule 1,8-anilino-l -naphthalene sulphonic acid (1,8-ANS) as a function of polymer concentration. Correlations are drawn between viscosity experiments and measurement of zeta potential. Increased degrees of intermolecular interactions are responsible for a shift of Ce to lower polymer concentrations with increasing ionic strength. Additionally, dynamic rheology data are presented highlighting the ability of AvP to form gels at low polymer and calcium ion concentrations, exemplifying the technological potential of this polysaccharide for in-situ drug delivery. In the second section, properties of Aloe vera galacturonate hydrogels formed via Ca + crosslinking have been studied in regard to key parameters influencing gel formation including molecular weight, ionic strength and molar ratio of Ca2+ to COO functionality. Dynamic oscillatory rheology and pulsed field gradient NMR (PFG-NMR) studies have been conducted on hydrogels formed at specified Ca concentrations in the presence and absence of Na+ and K+ ions, in order to assess the feasibility of in situ gelation for controlled delivery of therapeutics. Aqueous Ca concentrations similar to those present in nasal and subcutaneous fluids induce the formation of elastic Aloe vera polysaccharide (AvP) hydrogel networks. By altering the ratio of Ca to COO functionality, networks may be tailored to provide elastic modulus (G\u27) values between 20 and 20,000 Pa. The Aloe vera polysaccharide exhibits time dependent phase separation in the presence of monovalent electrolytes. Thus the relative rates of calcium induced gelation and phase separation become major considerations when designing a system for in situ delivery applications where both monovalent (Na+, K+) and divalent (Ca2+) ions are present. PFG-NMR and fluorescence microscopy confirm that distinctly different morphologies are present in gels formed in the presence and absence 0.15 M NaCl. Curve fitting of theoretical models to experimental release profiles of fluorescein labeled dextrans indicate diffusion rates are related to hydrogel morphology. These studies suggest that for efficient in situ release of therapeutic agents, polymer concentrations should be maintained above the critical entanglement concentration (Ce, 0.60 wt%) when [Ca ]/[COO ] ratios are less than 1. Additionally, the monovalent electrolyte concentration in AvP solutions should not exceed 0.10 M prior to Ca2+ crosslinking

RECOMBINATION HOTSPOTS IN SOYBEAN [GLYCINE MAX (L.) MERR.]

Recombination allows for the exchange of genetic material between two parents which plant breeders exploit to make new and improved varieties. This recombination is not distributed evenly across the chromosome. In crops, it mostly occurs in the euchromatic regions of the genome and even then, recombination is focused into recombination hotspots flanked by recombination cold spots. Understanding the distribution of these hotspots along with the sequence motifs associated with them may lead to methods that enable breeders to better exploit recombination in breeding. In chapter 1 background information on recombination, recombination hotspots detection methods, landscape of recombination (describe recombination patterns along the genome), and environmental influence on recombination hotspot locations are outlined. In chapter 2 recombination hotspots were mapped in two-biparental soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations, Williams crossed by Essex (WE) and Williams 82 crossed by PI479752 (WP). These populations consist of 922 RIL(WE) and 1,086 RIL (WP) and were genotyped with 50,000 SNP markers using the SoySNP50k Illumina Infinium assay. In chapter 3 the location of recombination hotspots in the USDA Soybean Germplasm Collection in three populations: wild (806), landraces (5396), and North American cultivars (563) are reported. Genotyping was conducted using the SoySNP50k Illumina Infinium assay. Germplasm hotspot locations were compared to results in chapter 2, two-biparental soybean recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations. In chapter 2 and 3 statistical tests were conducted for genome features association with hotspot locations based on logistical regression, discovered nucleotide motifs surrounding hotspot regions across the genome. Advisor: David L. Hyte

Venture Capitalists and Closely Held IPOs: Lessons for Family-Controlled Firms

This study examines how the presence of venture capitalists (VCs) in closely held IPOs relates to their performance. It also identifies other factors that are related to the performance of closely held IPOs. Closely held firms in this study had an average of 88% insider ownership before the IPO. In general, we find that closely held IPOs benefit from associations with VCs. This finding suggests that VCs\u27 outside expertise and connections are valuable assets. Because it takes time for VCs to effect changes and because beneficial changes generally occur gradually, firms contemplating IPOs must plan well in advance to maximize firm value. Family-controlled firms contemplating growth or liquidity options through the IPO, VCs, or other outside capital should consider the findings of this study because it identifies factors that are associated with more successful IPO outcomes

Corporate Efficiency, Profitability, and Value Changes after the IPO

This study compares the profitability, operational efficiency, and firm value over the 1985-1990 period of 100 firms that had IPOs in 1985 compared to a matched sample of similar firms which had their IPO before 1980. We find that the 1985 IPO firms were more profitable, operationally more efficient, had more liquid assets, and had greater value over the 1985-1990 period

Training That Works: Lessons from California\u27s Employment Training Panel Program

The authors provide an in-depth analysis of an incumbent worker training program funded through California\u27s unemployment insurance taxes.https://research.upjohn.org/up_press/1052/thumbnail.jp