The Prisoner Who Cried Wolf, and Then Swallowed a Sprinkler Head

Case Presentation: A 37-year-old man presented from jail reporting foreign body ingestion of a sprinkler head. While initial radiography did not reveal the foreign body, subsequent imaging with computed tomography demonstrated the sprinkler head. When confronted with this discrepancy the patient admitted to having the sprinkler head in his possession and choosing to swallow it after his initial radiography.Discussion: This case demonstrates the importance of maintaining a high threshold for real illness in situations where there is suspected malingering, a situation not infrequently encountered in the emergency department

The Development of the Concepts 'Myth' and 'History' from Hegel to Bultmann

Abstract Not Provided

Some experiments in grazing and soiling

Cover title.Mode of access: Internet

The Role of Anthropology in Retailing: An Autoethnographic Case Study

As demonstrated by examples from my family business, the techniques of anthropology have a significant role in retailing. The research methods of anthropology facilitate qualitative observations, formal or informal interviews, and dialogues. Accordingly, the “life story approach” can be particularly useful. Many of these techniques can be usefully applied by lay people with minimal formal training in the field. In this article, by using life story and autoethnographic approaches, I share several personal stories with the readers of how anthropology was used in the different businesses in which my family and I were involved. Those who share the same practical business experiences as I, may learn how daily business operations can be studied, developed and managed. As a business owner, I recognize the importance of anthropological methods which benefit the business community through practical applicatio

ECONOMIC RISK EFFICIENCY OF BOLL WEEVIL ERADICATION

The purpose of this study was to determine the economic risk efficiency of implementing a boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis [Boheman]) eradication (BWE) program in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) producing regions of the Mississippi Delta. Alternative producer pest management practices and program cost sharing were incorporated into a biophysical cotton simulation model. Participation in a BWE program along with strict adherence to Cooperative Extension Service pest management guidelines proved to be the risk efficient practice.Crop Production/Industries, Risk and Uncertainty,

Destroying God’s temple? Physical Inactivity, Poor Diet, Obesity, and other “Sin” Behaviors

Individual differences in health behavior across religious and spiritual individuals might be attributed to the general belief that the body is God’s temple, and should be treated with care and respect. Also, it is possible that some behaviors are thought to destroy the body (God’s temple), while inactivity, poor diet, and obesity might not be viewed in this way. Thus, our first aim was to assess current beliefs and attitudes regarding the role of physical inactivity, poor diet, and obesity in the destruction of the body, God’s temple. Subsequently, our second aim was to determine if these beliefs and attitudes were correlated with actual, self-reported physical activity, dietary intake, and body mass index (BMI). An online survey assessing the aforementioned variables was administered to 112 adults (≥ 18 years of age) who considered themselves Christians, and had a mean BMI of 26.36 ± 6.29 kg/m2. Participants self-reported their religion with the majority selecting Baptist (29%), other (22%), or Non-Denominational (21%). On average, participants had a moderate-high belief that their body was God’s temple (i.e. manifestation of God in the body; M = 64.84 out of possible score of 84). Mean beliefs that obesity, physically inactive lifestyle, poor diet, and overeating destroy the body, God’s temple were similar to those beliefs regarding drug use, smoking, and excessive drinking, but higher than pre-marital sex, tattoos, body piercings, and lust. When these beliefs were correlated with the manifestation of God in the body, only premarital sex (r = .68), lust (r = .62), tattoos (r = .42), body piercings (r = .38), drug use (r = .26), and smoking (r = .19) were found to be significant (p ≤ .05). Self-perceived manifestation of God in the body was significantly positively correlated (p \u3c .01) with prayer frequency (r = .65), church attendance (r = .67), and spirituality (r = .76). Spirituality was positively correlated (p \u3c .01) with prayer frequency (r = .77) and church attendance (r = .66). However, manifestation of God in the body was not correlated with physical activity, dietary intake, or BMI. In conclusion, our participants were definitive in their belief that physically inactive lifestyles, unhealthy eating, overeating, and being obese destroy the body, God’s temple. However, destroying the body with physical inactivity or poor diet was not necessarily viewed as sinful, on average, with variation in this view. Additionally, these beliefs did not correlate to self-reported physical activity, dietary behavior, and body weight (i.e. BMI). Also, the view that one’s body is God’s temple (i.e. manifestation of God in the body) did not correlate to beliefs that physical inactivity, poor diet and obesity destroy the body, but did relate to beliefs that premarital sex, lust, tattoos, body piercings, drug use, and smoking destroy the body. It is possible, then, that physical inactivity, poor dietary habits, and obesity are not internalized into the spiritual perspective as destroying the body, God’s temple, in the same way as other “sin” behaviors. Such findings provide a foundation for future research to expand our understanding of the confluence of health and spiritual lifestyles

Executive Function Relationships to Sitting Time and Physical Activity: A Pilot Study

Executive function (EF) refers to the neurocognitive perspective of supervisory abilities to self-regulate during goal-direct behavior. More specifically, the ability to attend to and inhibit dominant responses (i.e. Attention/Inhibition) has been found to moderate the intention and physical activity (PA) relationship, yet does not appear to relate to PA. However, this EF is related to other health behaviors, such as smoking and alcohol consumption (i.e. behaviors to be inhibited). The lack of relationship to PA might be due to it being a behavior that is not to be inhibited, compared to a behavior that should be inhibited (e.g. sitting time). PURPOSE: To compare relationships of various executive functions to physical activity and sitting time. METHODS: Sixteen college-aged males (n=5) and females (n=11) (Age = 22.38±1.26 years; BMI = 25.57±7.58 kg/m2) completed the study. At time 1, participants provided demographics, self-reported PA (IPAQ-SF), and were asked to wear a Yamax Digiwalker SW-200 pedometer for 7 days to assess normal, PA in average steps/day (week 1). At time 2, three executive functions were assessed via computer-based tasks: Attention/Inhibition (Stroop task), Planning/Problem Solving (Tower of London), and Working Memory (Corsi Block Task). Participants were provided with a goal 50% greater than their week 1 average step/day count, and all intended to meet this goal over the following 7 days (week 2). RESULTS: On average, participants self-reported 496.88±142.72 min/day of sitting, and had an average step count of 7744.31±2900.20 steps/day for week 1. The average step change across week 2 was +2245.31±1102.32 steps/day – falling short of their prescribed step goal by ~1627 steps/day. Attention/Inhibition was positively related to sitting time (r = .61, p \u3c .01), and Planning/Problem Solving was the only EF related to change in steps from week 1 to week 2 (r = -.53, p \u3c .05). No other EFs related to sitting time, moderate- or vigorous-intensity PA. CONCLUSION: The present pilot data supports our initial hypothesis that Attention/Inhibition executive abilities are related to sedentary time, such as sitting, but not PA. To guide future research, Planning/Problem Solving was the only EF to be related PA, while Working Memory was not related to any PA outcomes

Correlates of early adolescent peer and personal substance use in rural northern Michigan

Data were collected from 181 middle school students in rural northern Michigan during May 1982. Student responses concerning peer and personal use of alcohol and nicotine were analyzed. The results suggest that peer substance use is highly correlated with personal substance use, and increases significantly with age. Sexual differences were also noted. This article describes the powerful correlates between peer and personal alcohol and nicotine use (i.e., cigarette smoking), and suggests some hypotheses for this phenomenon.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/45261/1/10964_2005_Article_BF02088730.pd

Associations of Objectively Measured Light-Intensity Activity on Metabolic Risk Factors in Female Adults

Metabolic syndrome (MetSy) has been defined as a collection of metabolic irregularities that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and all-cause mortality. Women are at an even greater risk for developing MetSy when compared to men with prevalence increasing with age. Moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) has shown consistent association with decreases in risk of MetSy; however, light physical activity (LPA) has been studied less often in comparison. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between accelerometer-determined LPA and MetSy risk factors (waist circumference (WC), glucose, high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DPB)) across women of different age groups. METHODS: A cross-sectional study design was used to examine 68 female participants, ages 20-65, employed in sedentary careers working in an urban area in the south central United States. Venous blood samples were taken from the antecubital area of the arm from all participants who had fasted at least eight hours prior to their scheduled appointment times. Physical activity data was collected for seven days via hip-worn accelerometers with LPA being measured based on Freedson cut-points (100-1951 counts per minute). MetSy was diagnosed based on the criteria set forth by the National Cholesterol Education Program in 2002. Data were analyzed using regression analysis with SPSS version 20.0. Between-subject analysis was conducted for four age groups (group1=20-35; group2=36-45; group3=46-55; group4=55 and older) using LPA, WC, glucose, HDL, triglycerides, SBP, and DPB. RESULTS: Between-subject regression analysis showed HDL as a significant MetSy risk factor in a full model (p=0.02) and a model with age groups as the only independent variable (p=0.00). Post-hoc Tukey tests showed significance differences in HDL among groups 4 and 2 (confidence interval (CI): 4.03, 35.92; p=0.00), and groups 4 and 3 (CI: 6.06, 39.63; p=0.00). Significance dropped below the apriori level of 0.05 in a model based on LPA. Post-hoc Tukey tests revealed non-significant (α\u3e0.05) associations between LPA levels (high, medium, low) and all MetSy values. CONCLUSION: The relationship between LPA and MetSy risk factors has been studied less frequently than MVPA in relation to MetSy risk factors. Based on these findings LPA is not significantly related with these risk factors. Future studies should continue to explore the relationship between LPA and MetSy risk factors among both men and woman, and in different settings

Effects of an Informal Place-based Educational Program on Knowledge and Perceptions of Invasive Species Management

Invasive species can generate negative impacts environmentally, socially, and economically. The interplay between human and natural systems renders management a complex problem that must be addressed by decision-makers. Perceptions of invasive species issues varies depending on an individual’s access to information. Although invasive species and their management are often discussed in formal higher education, not all members of the population have access to a formal educational setting. Informal educational experiences may be a mechanism to reach out to community members in a more accessible and perhaps engaging way than traditional higher education classroom experiences. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of an informal, place-based educational program on perceptions and knowledge of invasive species and their management within the community. Place-based education is a pedagogy connection local places with intimate knowledge of the systems, processes, and outcomes that give it meaning to human and non-human species. First, we organized and administered short walks in two central Texas, USA, parks with conversational lessons and hands-on learning experiences. Second, we administered a follow-up retrospective-reflective survey to measure participants’ knowledge and perceptions of invasive species management and postwalk/lesson changes in them. We also compared between the treatment group of participants versus a control group within the community who did not participate in the informal lessons. Fifty-two people participated in both the educational program walks and testing over the course of 1 year, and 63 people were included in the follow-up retrospective-reflective survey control group. Results indicate a statistically significant positive change in knowledge and perception categories within the treatment group. Post hoc results indicate a positive change in knowledge and perceptions in our sample as a function of treatment group members’ age and income, respectively. The methodology used in this study was simple and inexpensive. Hence, our approach could be easily replicated in other areas to educate community members