1,017 research outputs found
Perceived caring attributes and priorities of pre-registration nursing students throughout a nursing curriculum underpinned by person-centredness
Aim\ud
This paper explores pre-registration nursing studentsâ caring attributes development through a person-centred focused curriculum.\ud
Background\ud
Developing caring attributes in student nurses to the point of registration has historically been challenging. Globally, curricula have not yet demonstrated the ability to sustain and develop caring attributes in this population, despite its centrality to practice.\ud
Design and Methods\ud
This longitudinal cohort study tracked how university pre-registration nursing students (N = 212) developed their caring attributes over the three years of their programme using repeated measures at the end of each year with the same cohort. The Caring Dimensions Inventory (35 item version with 25 caring items under three constructs (technical, intimacy and supporting) and 10 inappropriate or unnecessary construct items) was used and data analysed using Mokken Scaling Analysis to create a hierarchy of actions that students deemed as caring. Repeated measures of analysis of variance enabled evaluation of changes in responses over time.\ud
Results\ud
Students developed their caring attributes throughout their programme, ranking 22 out of 25 as caring (with statistical significance) at the end of year one, 18 at the end of year two and all 25 caring items at the end of their final year. No unnecessary or inappropriate construct items were ranked as caring at any data collection point. Participants consistently ranked assisting a person with an activity of living, listening to a patient, and involving them in their care as the most caring actions
N-Acetyl-S-(N,N-diethylcarbamoyl) cysteine in rat nucleus accumbens, medial prefrontal cortex, and in RAT and human plasma after disulfiram administration
Disulfiram (DSF), a treatment for alcohol use disorders, has shown some clinical effectiveness in treating addiction to cocaine, nicotine, and pathological gambling. The mechanism of action of DSF for treating these addictions is unclear but it is unlikely to involve the inhibition of liver aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2). DSF is a pro-drug and forms a number of metabolites, one of which is N-acetyl-S-(N,N-diethylcarbamoyl) cysteine (DETC-NAC). Here we describe a LCMS/MS method on a QQQ type instrument to quantify DETC-NAC in plasma and intracellular fluid from mammalian brain. An internal standard, the N,N-di-isopropylcarbamoyl homolog (MIM: 291 > 128) is easily separable from DETC-NAC (MIM: 263 > 100) on C18 RP media with a methanol gradient. The method's linear range is 0.5â500 nM from plasma and dialysate salt solution with all precisions better than 10% RSD. DETC-NAC and internal standards were recovered at better than 95% from all matrices, perchloric acid precipitation (plasma) or formic acid addition (salt) and is stable in plasma or salt at low pH for up to 24 h. Stability is observed through three freeze-thaw cycles per day for 7 days. No HPLC peak area matrix effect was greater than 10%. A human plasma sample from a prior analysis for S-(N,N-diethylcarbamoyl) glutathione (CARB) was found to have DETC NAC as well. In other human plasma samples from 62.5 mg/d and 250mg/d dosing, CARB concentration peaks at 0.3 and 4 nM at 3 h followed by DETC-NAC peaks of 11 and 70 nM 2 h later. Employing microdialysis sampling, DETC-NAC levels in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and plasma of rats treated with DSF reached 1.1, 2.5 and 80 nM at 6 h. The correlation between the appearance and long duration of DETC-NAC concentration in rat brain and the persistence of DSF-induced changes in neurotransmitters observed by Faiman et al. (Neuropharmacology, 2013, 75C, 95â105) is discussed
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Food fortification and biofortification as potential strategies for prevention of vitamin D deficiency
Hypovitaminosis D (vitamin D deficiency) is widespread throughout the world.
The cutaneous production of vitamin D through sunlight can be limited by
several factors (e.g. skin pigmentation, sunscreen usage and, increasingly, indoor
lifestyle). Thus, diet has become an important strategy to increase vitamin D
intake and status {blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]}. However, there are a
limited number of foods that naturally contain vitamin D, and concentrations
can vary significantly between and within species. The need for vitamin Dfortified
foods (including via direct fortification and biofortification) to support
the adequacy of vitamin D status is a corollary of several limitations to
synthesise vitamin D from sunlight. Ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) and
cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) can be found in some mushrooms and animalderived
foods, respectively. Evidence has shown vitamin D3 is more effective than
vitamin D2 at raising 25(OH)D blood concentrations. The vitamin D metabolite,
25(OH)D3, is present in animal-derived foods (e.g. meat, eggs and fish), and
several intervention trials have shown 25(OH)D3 to be more effective at raising
blood 25(OH)D concentrations than vitamin D3. In addition, 25(OH)D3
supplements may prove to be preferable to vitamin D3 for patients with certain
clinical conditions. However, there is limited evidence on the effects of 25(OH)
D3-fortified foods on human vitamin D status and health, both in the general
population and patients with certain conditions, and long-term randomised
controlled trials are needed in this area
Serum Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4 (FABP4) Predicts Pre-eclampsia in Women with Type 1 Diabetes
OBJECTIVE
To examine the association between fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) and pre-eclampsia risk in women with type 1 diabetes.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Serum FABP4 was measured in 710 women from the Diabetes and Pre-eclampsia Intervention Trial (DAPIT) in early pregnancy and in the second trimester (median 14 and 26 weeksâ gestation, respectively).
RESULTS
FABP4 was significantly elevated in early pregnancy (geometric mean 15.8 ng/mL [interquartile range 11.6â21.4] vs. 12.7 ng/mL [interquartile range 9.6â17]; P < 0.001) and the second trimester (18.8 ng/mL [interquartile range 13.6â25.8] vs. 14.6 ng/mL [interquartile range 10.8â19.7]; P < 0.001) in women in whom pre-eclampsia later developed. Elevated second-trimester FABP4 level was independently associated with pre-eclampsia (odds ratio 2.87 [95% CI 1.24â6.68], P = 0.03). The addition of FABP4 to established risk factors significantly improved net reclassification improvement at both time points and integrated discrimination improvement in the second trimester.
CONCLUSIONS
Increased second-trimester FABP4 independently predicted pre-eclampsia and significantly improved reclassification and discrimination. FABP4 shows potential as a novel biomarker for pre-eclampsia prediction in women with type 1 diabetes.
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Resummed event-shape variables in DIS
We complete our study of resummed event-shape distributions in DIS by
presenting results for the class of observables that includes the current jet
mass, the C-parameter and the thrust with respect to the current-hemisphere
thrust axis. We then compare our results to data for all observables for which
data exist, fitting for alpha_s and testing the universality of
non-perturbative 1/Q effects. A number of technical issues arise, including the
extension of the concept of non-globalness to the case of discontinuous
globalness; singularities and non-convergence of distributions other than in
the Born limit; methods to speed up fixed-order Monte Carlo programs by up to
an order of magnitude, relevant when dealing with many x and Q points; and the
estimation of uncertainties on the predictions.Comment: 41 page
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