Cryogenic Insulation System

This invention relates to reusable, low density, high temperature cryogenic foam insulation systems and the process for their manufacture. A pacing technology for liquid hydrogen fueled, high speed aircraft is the development of a fully reusable, flight weight cryogenic insulation system for propellant tank structures. In the invention cryogenic foam insulation is adhesively bonded to the outer wall of the fuel tank structure. The cryogenic insulation consists of square sheets fabricated from an array of abutting square blocks. Each block consists of a sheet of glass cloth adhesively bonded between two layers of polymethacrylimide foam. Each block is wrapped in a vapor impermeable membrane, such as Kapton(R) aluminum Kapton(R), to provide a vapor barrier. Very beneficial results can be obtained by employing the present invention in conjunction with fibrous insulation and an outer aeroshell, a hot fuselage structure with an internal thermal protection system

THE EFFECTS OF PRACTICE ON THE KINETICS OF VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL JUMPING

INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of practice onthe kinetics of vertical and horizontal jumping. A sub purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between peak power and distance jumped. The focus of this research is interdisciplinary in that an attempt will be made to understand vertical and horizontal jumping from both a Biomechanical and a Skill Acquisition perspective. The relationship between force and velocity is important in determining the peak power produced in vertical and horizontal jumping movements. Peak power is realized at the point in which the force time curve intercepts the velocity time curve (Dowling and Vamos, 1993). To understand the mechanics of jumping it is necessary to determine the relationship between force, velocity and peak power on the distance jumped. In terms of skill acquisition, practice isan important variable (Schmidt, 1988). As the learner performs a number of practice trials, they develop a memorial representation for the movement pattern. The kinetic components of the movement pattern may be importantdetenninants of skillful performance. Therefore, it is important to take into account the relationships between movement kinetics and movement outcome (i.e. distanceheight jumped), as a function of practice, to more fully understand the processes involved in the acquisition of a jumping skill. METHOD lkenty volunteer subjects were randomly assigned to either anexperimental or a control group. Subjects in the experimental group performed five maximal vertical and horizontal jumps daily for ten days. Pre and post tests were conducted on day one and day ten. Subjects performed three maximal vertical and horizontal jumps on an AMTI force plate. Power, force and velocity data was computed using the AMTI Power software. In addition, movement outcome (i.e., distance or height jumped) was measured. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The prdpost mean differences in the temporal and kinetic variables were used to determine the effect of practice on the 'kinetics of jumping. In addition, multiple regression and correlation were used to determine the relationship between the temporal and kinetic variables and the distance jumped. The results are discussed in terms of the changes in time to peak power as a function of practice. In addition, the relationship between peak power and distance jumped is discussed in terms of the learning process. Implications for the role of practice in skill acquisition and efficiency as a determinant of skill acquisition are discussed. REFERENCES Dowling, J.J. & Vamos, L. (1993). Identification of kinetic and temporal factors related to vertical jump performance. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 9,95-110. Schmidt, R.A. (1988). Motor Control and Learning: A Beehavioral Emphasis. (2nd ed.). Champaign, 11: Human Kinetics

Quality of Life, Coping Styles, Stress Levels, and Time Use in Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Comparing Single Versus Coupled Households

This study aimed to examine the influence of differences in household status on the parental stress, coping, time use and quality of life (QoL) among mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders. Forty-three single and 164 coupled mothers completed the survey. Data were analysed using multivariate logistic regression. We found that single mothers were 1.05 times more likely to report lower levels of environmental QoL. Whilst they were 1.73 times more likely to use acceptance coping style, this association did not persist after adjusting for total number of children, household income and employment status. There was no difference in time use and stress between these mothers. Possible environmental issues for single mothers and implications for future research are discussed. © 2017 Springer Science+Business Media, LL

The ontogeny of children's social emotions in response to (un)fairness

Humans have a deeply rooted sense of fairness, but its emotional foundation in early ontogeny remains poorly understood. Here, we asked if and when 4- to 10-year-old children show negative social emotions, such as shame or guilt, in response to advantageous unfairness expressed through a lowered body posture (measured using a Kinect depth sensor imaging camera). We found that older, but not younger children, showed more negative emotions, i.e. a reduced upper body posture, after unintentionally disadvantaging a peer on (4,1) trials than in response to fair (1,1) outcomes between themselves and others. Younger children, in contrast, expressed more negative emotions in response to the fair (1,1) split than in response to advantageous inequity. No systematic pattern of children's emotional responses was found in a non-social context, in which children divided resources between themselves and a non-social container. Supporting individual difference analyses showed that older children in the social context expressed negative emotions in response to advantageous inequity without directly acting on this negative emotional response by rejecting an advantageously unfair offer proposed by an experimenter at the end of the study. These findings shed new light on the emotional foundation of the human sense of fairness and suggest that children's negative emotional response to advantageous unfairness developmentally precedes their rejection of advantageously unfair resource distributions

Ethics in the interface between multidisciplinary teams: a narrative in stages for inter-professional education

An ethically problematic clinical case is used to illustrate the potential importance of understanding clinical ethics in an interdisciplinary context. Whilst much has been written on ethics education for multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary teams, we argue that it is important that both healthcare professions and healthcare teams are able to look outside their own disciplinary ethos and sometimes outside their formal teams when considering the ramifications of an ethical issue. A complex (fictional but based on the authors’ pooled experiences) case involving the delivery of a new-born from a mother with HIV is used to illustrate this, because multiple clinical teams will be involved at different times and in parallel with one another

CV20016

This report provides the main results and findings of the nineteenth annual underwater television survey on the Aran, Galway Bay and Slyne head Nephrops grounds, ICES assessment area; Functional Unit 17. The survey was multi-disciplinary in nature collecting UWTV, CTD and other ecosystem data. In 2020 a total of 44 UWTV stations were successfully completed, 34 on the Aran Grounds, 5 on Galway Bay and 5 on Slyne Head patches. The mean burrow density observed in 2020, adjusted for edge effect, was medium at 0.29 burrows/m². The final krigged burrow abundance estimate for the Aran Grounds was 359 million burrows with a CV (Coefficient of Variance; relative standard error) of 4%. The final abundance estimate for Galway Bay was 27 million and for Slyne Head was 7 million, with CVs of 13% and 4% respectively. The total abundance estimates have fluctuated considerably over the time series. The 2020 combined abundance estimate (394 million burrows) is 20% lower than in 2019, and it is below the MSY Btrigger reference point (540 million burrows). Using the 2020 estimate of abundance and updated stock data implies catches between 443 and 508 tonnes in 2021 that correspond to the F ranges in the EU multi annual plan for Western Waters, assuming that discard rates and fishery selection patterns do not change from the average of 2017–2019. Virgularia mirabilis was the only sea-pen species observed on the UWTV footage. Trawl marks were present at 7% of the Aran stations surveyed

Mechanism of Tetracycline Phototoxicity

Studies were made to determine factors important in the phototoxicity mechanism of 7 clinically used tetracyclines (TC). The clinical phototoxicity, the rates of photochemical degradation, and the in vitro phototoxicity of the TCs were qualitatively but not quantitatively correlated. Phototoxicity in vitro was partially oxygen-dependent and possibly singlet oxygen is involved. The contribution of photoproducts to the phototoxic process may be the basis for the reported differences between the in vivo action spectrum and the absorption spectrum of demethylchlorotetracycline. A mechanistic model for in vivo phototoxicity is proposed where the absorption of UVA radiation by TC leads to at least two main processes: (i) photosensitization by the drug of biologic molecules to cause phototoxicity; (ii) production of one or more photoproducts which photosensitize by absorption of visible radiation

Can we estimate the impact of small targeted dietary changes on human health and environmental sustainability?

A recent analysis by Stylianou et al. (2021) estimated the impact of small dietary changes in the consumption of individual foods on human health and the environment, expressed as minutes of healthy life lost or gained daily combined with dietary carbon footprints. While an appealing concept given its simplistic interpretation, we aim to draw the attention of nLCA practitioners and developers to the significant limitations and uncertainties of this analysis, based on existing evidence. Stylianou's approach produces results that fail to recognize the importance of essential nutrient density and the risks associated with ultra-processed foods, added sugar, and refined starches. The novel impact assessment undoubtedly brings a new perspective to the growing field of nutritional Life Cycle Assessment. However, the authors neglect numerous methodological limitations, fail to direct the readers' attention to (mis)interpretation risks, and draw highly definitive recommendations aiming to directly influence consumer choices and policymaking. Due to extensive data limitations and associated uncertainties in extant databases (both environmental and nutritional), we recommend caution in the use of this (or any other) food classification system to inform consumer behavior, front-of-package labelling, policies, and programs