144 research outputs found
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Improvement of Gulf Cordgrass Range with Burning or Shredding
Shredding or burning during the spring, summer, or winter increased the live gulf cordgrass standing crop, decreased the dead gulf cordgrass standing crop, and increased the percentage of plants supporting inflorescences by the end of the first growing season after treatment on a clay site. The most favorable growth responses resulted from treatment in the spring, apparently because subsequent rainfall was greater than following summer treatments. Shredding generally stimulated herbaceous yields more than burning. Presumably the heavy mulch cover after shredding improved moisture relationships relative to the bare surface following fires. Burning or shredding resulted in less favorable responses on a saline fine sand than on the clay site. However, on the saline fine sand as on the clay site, shredding promoted production of gulf cordgrass more than did burning. Both methods are effective for improving gulf cordgrass range for livestock grazing, but burning is apparently the more economical alternative.This material was digitized as part of a cooperative project between the Society for Range Management and the University of Arizona Libraries.The Journal of Range Management archives are made available by the Society for Range Management and the University of Arizona Libraries. Contact [email protected] for further information.Migrated from OJS platform August 202
Inclusion of maintenance energy improves the intracellular flux predictions of CHO
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the leading platform for the production of biopharmaceuticals with human-like glycosylation. The standard practice for cell line generation relies on trial and error approaches such as adaptive evolution and high-throughput screening, which typically take several months. Metabolic modeling could aid in designing better producer cell lines and thus shorten development times. The genome-scale metabolic model (GSMM) of CHO can accurately predict growth rates. However, in order to predict rational engineering strategies it also needs to accurately predict intracellular fluxes. In this work we evaluated the agreement between the fluxes predicted by parsimonious flux balance analysis (pFBA) using the CHO GSMM and a wide range of 13C metabolic flux data from literature. While glycolytic fluxes were predicted relatively well, the fluxes of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle were vastly underestimated due to too low energy demand. Inclusion of computationally estimated maintenance energy significantly improved the overall accuracy of intracellular flux predictions. Maintenance energy was therefore determined experimentally by running continuous cultures at different growth rates and evaluating their respective energy consumption. The experimentally and computationally determined maintenance energy were in good agreement. Additionally, we compared alternative objective functions (minimization of uptake rates of seven nonessential metabolites) to the biomass objective. While the predictions of the uptake rates were quite inaccurate for most objectives, the predictions of the intracellular fluxes were comparable to the biomass objective function.COMET center acib: Next Generation
Bioproduction, which is funded by BMK, BMDW,
SFG, Standortagentur Tirol, Government of Lower
Austria and Vienna Business Agency in the
framework of COMET - Competence Centers for
Excellent Technologies. The COMET-Funding
Program is managed by the Austrian Research
Promotion Agency FFG; D.S., J.S., M.W., M.H., D.
E.R. This work has also been supported by the PhD
program BioToP of the Austrian Science Fund
(FWF Project W1224)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Spatially resolved metabolic distribution for unraveling the physiological change and responses in tomato fruit using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization–mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI–MSI)
A Crucial Role for Infected-Cell/Antibody Immune Complexes in the Enhancement of Endogenous Antiviral Immunity by Short Passive Immunotherapy
Antiviral monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) represent promising therapeutics. However, most mAbs-based immunotherapies conducted so far have only considered the blunting of viral propagation and not other possible therapeutic effects independent of virus neutralization, namely the modulation of the endogenous immune response. As induction of long-term antiviral immunity still remains a paramount challenge for treating chronic infections, we have asked here whether neutralizing mAbs can, in addition to blunting viral propagation, exert immunomodulatory effects with protective outcomes. Supporting this idea, we report here that mice infected with the FrCasE murine retrovirus on day 8 after birth die of leukemia within 4–5 months and mount a non-protective immune response, whereas those rapidly subjected to short immunotherapy with a neutralizing mAb survive healthy and mount a long-lasting protective antiviral immunity with strong humoral and cellular immune responses. Interestingly, the administered mAb mediates lysis of infected cells through an antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) mechanism. In addition, it forms immune complexes (ICs) with infected cells that enhance antiviral CTL responses through FcγR-mediated binding to dendritic cells (DCs). Importantly, the endogenous antiviral antibodies generated in mAb-treated mice also display the same properties, allowing containment of viral propagation and enhancement of memory cellular responses after disappearance of the administered mAb. Thus, our data demonstrate that neutralizing antiviral mAbs can act as immunomodulatory agents capable of stimulating a protective immunity lasting long after the end of the treatment. They also show an important role of infected-cells/antibody complexes in the induction and the maintenance of protective immunity through enhancement of both primary and memory antiviral T-cell responses. They also indicate that targeting infected cells, and not just viruses, by antibodies can be crucial for elicitation of efficient, long-lasting antiviral T-cell responses. This must be considered when designing antiviral mAb-based immunotherapies
Monoclonal antibodies to xenotropic and mcf murine leukemia viruses derived during the graft-versus-host reaction.
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Digestible Energy and Protein Content of Gulf Cordgrass following Burning or Shredding
Digestible energy and crude protein content of green gulf cordgrass forage was significantly increased for 30 to 90 days after burning or shredding on the Coastal Prairie. Within 30 days after treatment, digestible energy content ranged from 2,414 to 2,891 kcal/kg in regrowth on burned areas, and from 1,879 to 2,602 kcal/kg on shredded areas compared to 1,612 to 1,917 kcal/kg in green leaves of plants from untreated areas. Crude protein content at the same time was 9 to 11% following burning or shredding compared to 4 to 5% in green plant material from untreated areas. Differences in the nutritional components varied more with time after sampling within a season of treatment when they varied among seasons of treatment or between methods of treatment. Therefore, both burning and shredding have potential for increasing nutritional value of gulf cordgrass during the cool season, a period when other green forages are scarce on the Coastal Prairie.This material was digitized as part of a cooperative project between the Society for Range Management and the University of Arizona Libraries.The Journal of Range Management archives are made available by the Society for Range Management and the University of Arizona Libraries. Contact [email protected] for further information.Migrated from OJS platform August 202
Radical Chlorodifluoromethylation: Providing a Motif for (Hetero)arene Diversification
A method
for the radical chlorodifluoromethylation of (hetero)Âarenes
using chlorodifluoroacetic anhydride is reported. This operationally
simple protocol proceeds under mild photochemical conditions with
high functional group compatibility and complements the large body
of literature for the trifluoromethylation of (hetero)Âarenes. Introduction
of the chlorodifluoromethyl motif enables rapid diversification to
a wide array of aromatic scaffolds. This work showcases the chlorodifluoromethyl
group as an attractive entryway to otherwise synthetically challenging
electron-rich difluoromethylÂ(hetero)Âarenes. Furthermore, facile conversion
of the CF<sub>2</sub>Cl moiety into the corresponding aryl esters, <i>gem</i>-difluoroenones, and β-keto-esters is demonstrated
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Long-range alpha detection applied to soil contamination and waste monitoring
Alpha contamination monitoring has been traditionally limited by the short range of alpha particles in air and through detector windows. The long-range alpha detector (LRAD) described in this paper circumvents that limitation by detecting alpha-produced ions, rather than alpha particles directly. Since the LRAD is sensitive to all ions, it can monitor all contamination present on a large surface at one time. Because air is the detector gas,'' the LRAD can detect contamination on any surface to which air can penetrate. We present data showing the sensitivity of LRAD detectors, as well as documenting their ability to detect alpha sources in previously unmonitorable locations, and verifying the ion lifetime. Specific designs and results for soil contamination and waste monitors are also included
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