17 research outputs found

    Os benefícios e a face oculta do movimento maker : ReflexÔes sobre sua apropriação no contexto africano

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    The aim of this paper is to explore benefits and critics of the maker movement, in the perspective of its adoption in African context. The method used is a literature review, which reveals that the maker movement is embodied in hacker ethics, DIY and free software ideologies. These ideologies bring values like openness, sharing, inclusion, democratization, and collaboration which are the core of the social, economic and political benefits of the maker movement. Even if these benefits are infiltrated by capitalism, the quest of cognitive justice and the Commons philosophy, seems to be the right epistemological tools for the adoption of the maker movement in Africa.O objetivo deste artigo é explorar os benefícios do e as críticas ao movimento maker, na perspectiva de sua adoção no contexto africano. O método usado foi a revisão da literatura, que revela que o movimento maker estå incorporado à ética maker, ao DIY e a ideologias de software livre. Essas ideologias trazem valores como abertura, compartilhamento, inclusão, democratização e colaboração, que são o ùmago dos benefícios sociais, políticos e econÎmicos do movimento maker. Mesmo que esses benefícios estejam infiltrados pelo capitalismo, a busca da justiça cognitiva e a filosofia do Commons parecem ser as ferramentas epistemológicas certas para a adoção do movimento maker na África

    Les makerspaces en Afrique francophone, entre développement local durable et technocolonialité : trois études de cas au Burkina Faso, au Cameroun et au Sénégal

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    Au cours de la derniĂšre dĂ©cennie, de nombreux pays occidentaux ont vu leurs espaces publics investis par la prĂ©sence d’ateliers de fabrication collaboratifs ouverts et partagĂ©s, connus sous le nom gĂ©nĂ©rique de makerspaces. Souvent dĂ©crits comme des vecteurs de changement social et d'industrialisation, les makerspaces se sont rapidement exportĂ©s de l’Occident vers le reste du monde et en Afrique en particulier. Au vu de cette expansion, je me suis interrogĂ© sur les finalitĂ©s sociĂ©tales et la neutralitĂ© de ces ateliers collaboratifs dans le contexte africain. Aborder ces interrogations demande d’établir un cadre commun de lecture du contexte sociohistorique et Ă©conomique de l’Afrique. C’est dans ce sens que je me suis inspirĂ© de la pensĂ©e dĂ©coloniale, pour dĂ©velopper un cadre conceptuel constituĂ© de la technocolonialitĂ© et du dĂ©veloppement local durable. Le concept de dĂ©veloppement local durable est une alternative au paradigme dominant actuel des approches de dĂ©veloppement Ă  savoir les objectifs de dĂ©veloppement durable (ODD). Il est nĂ© des travaux sur la justice cognitive et est composĂ© des dimensions suivantes : la quĂȘte de justice cognitive, l'Ă©conomie informelle, les biens communs, l'inclusion et l'autonomisation, la pensĂ©e alternative africaine et l'innovation sociale. Quant au concept de technocolonialitĂ©, il Ă©merge de la colonialitĂ© et de la matrice coloniale des pouvoirs dans les technologies numĂ©riques. Il est constituĂ© des dimensions suivantes : le discours techno-utopique, les pratiques nĂ©o-capitalistes et la colonialitĂ© des savoirs liĂ©e au transfert de technologie. Ce cadre conceptuel m’a permis de reformuler mon interrogation en la question de recherche suivante : Ă  quel type de dĂ©veloppement les makerspaces contribuent-ils en Afrique francophone? De façon spĂ©cifique, il s’agit de savoir si les ateliers collaboratifs peuvent rĂ©ellement contribuer au dĂ©veloppement local durable en Afrique ou s’ils contribuent Ă  renforcer la technocolonialitĂ©. Pour rĂ©pondre Ă  ces questions, j'ai menĂ© trois Ă©tudes de cas en Afrique francophone : le Ouagalab au Burkina Faso, l'Ongola Fablab au Cameroun et le Defko Ak Niep Lab au SĂ©nĂ©gal. Pour chaque cas, j'ai collectĂ© des donnĂ©es en combinant trois mĂ©thodes : l'observation participante, les entretiens semi-dirigĂ©s avec les membres et les promoteurs des makerspaces, et l’analyse documentaire. AprĂšs avoir traitĂ© les donnĂ©es, j’ai procĂ©dĂ© Ă  une analyse qualitative Ă  l'aide du logiciel Nvivo. Les diffĂ©rentes catĂ©gories de mon analyse ont ensuite Ă©tĂ© comparĂ©es et interprĂ©tĂ©es en utilisant le cadre conceptuel construit au prĂ©alable. Mon Ă©tude rĂ©vĂšle que les makerspaces sont des communs de la connaissance qui permettent de lutter contre les injustices cognitives. À ce titre, ils assurent l'Ă©closion des connaissances, favorisent l'inclusion et l'autonomisation des membres et catalysent l'innovation sociale. En d'autres termes, la dynamique au sein des espaces de fabrication collaboratifs est trĂšs favorable au dĂ©veloppement local durable. Par-dessus tout, les espaces de fabrication collaboratifs offrent un cadre d’épanouissement et d’expression du leadership des femmes, tout en leur donnant la possibilitĂ© de lutter contre les prĂ©jugĂ©s auxquels elles sont souvent confrontĂ©es dans la sociĂ©tĂ© et le milieu des STEM (Science-Technologie-IngĂ©nierie et MathĂ©matiques), cependant, les makerspaces sont exposĂ©s Ă  des risques de technocolonialitĂ© qui pourraient sĂ©rieusement entraver la dynamique interne et par consĂ©quent, leur contribution au dĂ©veloppement local durable. Pour contrecarrer ces risques de technocolonialitĂ©, quelques propositions sont faites Ă  la fin de cette thĂšse, Ă  l’endroit des acteurs et actrices impliquĂ©-e-s dans l'Ă©cosystĂšme des makerspaces.Over the last decade, many Western countries have seen their public spheres populated by the collaborative, open and shared manufacturing spaces, broadly known as makerspaces. Often described as vehicles of social change and industrialization, the idea of makerspaces has been rapidly exported from the West to the rest of the world and in Africa specifically. Regarding this expansion, I wondered about the societal purposes and neutrality of these collaborative spaces in the African context. Prior to address these questions, it is important to establish a common framework understand the socio-historical and economic context of Africa. That is why, inspired by decolonial studies, I have drawn a conceptual framework consisting of technocoloniality and sustainable local development. In order to do so, I first deconstructed the current dominant paradigm of development approaches, namely the sustainable development goals (SDGs). Then, in the light of the work on cognitive justice, I reconstructed and presented the idea of sustainable local development as relevant for Africa, and as an alternative to SDGs. The dimensions of sustainable local development are : the quest for cognitive justice, the informal economy, common goods, inclusion and empowerment, African alternative thinking and social innovation. Then, on the basis of coloniality and the colonial matrix of power, I presented the idea of technocoloniality and its dimensions which are: techno-utopic discourse, neo-capitalist practices and the coloniality of knowledge linked to technology transfer. This conceptual framework allowed me to refine my questioning in the following research question: to what kind of development do makerspaces contribute in Francophone Africa? Specifically, the question is whether collaborative spaces can really contribute to sustainable local development in Africa or whether they contribute to strengthening technocoloniality. To answer these questions, I conducted three case studies in Francophone Africa: the Ouagalab in Burkina Faso, the Ongola Fablab in Cameroon and the Defko Ak Niep Lab in Senegal. For each case, I collected data using a combination of three methods: participant observation, semi-structuredi nterviews with makerspaces members and promoters, and content analysis. After processing data, I conducted a qualitative analysis using Nvivo software. The different categories of my analysis were then compared and interpreted using the previously constructed conceptual framework. My study revealed that makerspaces are commons that fight against cognitive injustice, ensure the flowering of knowledge, promote inclusion and empowerment of members, and catalyse social innovation. In other words, the dynamics within collaborative manufacturing spaces are highly conducive to sustainable local development. Above all, makerspaces display women's dynamism and leadership, since they allow them to fight injustices and biases they used to face in the society and places related to STEM (Science-Technology- Engineering and Mathematics). However, the management of makerspaces as an entity is highly exposed to technocoloniality. This severely hinders the internal dynamics and thus their contribution to sustainable local development. But if the different actors involved in the makerspace ecosystem take into account some factors, makerspaces would bring a lot of benefits to sustainable local development of Africa. That is why at the end of this thesis, we made some suggestions

    Public Sphere(s), Public Narratives, and Counter Public(s): Student Papers at the 2017 Canadian Communication Association

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    It is with enthusiasm that we present this special issue of Stream devoted to the student conference proceedings from the 2017 Canadian Communication Association annual meeting during the Congress for Social Science and Humanities held at Ryerson University. As current graduate students, we understand and appreciate the challenges that graduate students face and having a medium like the annual CCA-ACC conference provides the kind of professionalization that graduate students need to continue a career as academics

    Web Solidaire et justice cognitive en Afrique Francophone

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    Cette présentation a été faite à Montréal le 12 Avril 2016, à l'occasion d'une conférence organisée par la Open Knowledge foundation Canada. Je mets en évidence les usages du Web par les chercheurs du collectifs SOHA, pour combattre l'injustice cognitive dont ils sont victimes sur le Web

    Rapprochement sciences-sociétés vu par les étudiants africains

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    DonnĂ©es utilisĂ©es lors de ma prĂ©sentation au SĂ©minaire international sur la 3Ăšme mission de l’enseignement supĂ©rieur, panel sur Les Ă©tudiants, la citĂ© et l’enseignement supĂ©rieu

    StratĂ©gies de valorisation des savoirs locaux africains : questions et enjeux liĂ©s Ă  l’usage du numĂ©rique au Cameroun

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    La question des savoirs locaux suscite de nombreux dĂ©bats sur la valeur et la considĂ©ration que les uns et les autres leur accordent. Au-delĂ  des aspects les plus vulgarisĂ©s que sont l’environnement et Ă  la pharmacopĂ©e, cet article met en Ă©vidence une conception plus holiste des savoirs locaux et montre que leur valorisation est un enjeu de justice cognitive. À cette fin, l’auteur propose une stratĂ©gie numĂ©rique en quatre points adaptĂ©e au contexte camerounais : l’acquisition de compĂ©tences numĂ©riques par les citoyens pour en faire des enregistreurs de savoirs locaux, les logiciels libres pour les stocker, le libre accĂšs pour les diffuser et les politiques gouvernementales.The issue of local knowledge, particularly of their value, has been debated for a long time. Beyond environmental knowledge and traditional medicine, this paper enhances an holistic conception of local knowledge and shows that cognitive justice demands a greater visibility and recognition for this kind of knowledge. To that end, the author suggests a digital strategy in 4 points for Cameroon : improving digital skills so that citizens learn how to register local knowledge, free software, open access and state policies

    BilletAnderson_Ewondo.mp3

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    Open science<br

    Le libre accĂšs Ă  l'information scientifique et technique

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    <p>Séminaire donné à l'IAI Gabon</p
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