11 research outputs found
Suivi ecologique du groupe de gorille ââBukaââ en cours dâhabituation a la presence humaine en vue de sa promotion ecotouristique
LâhumanitĂ© est en quĂȘte de modĂšles dâexploitation durables des ressources naturelles. Câest dans cette optique que se dĂ©veloppe depuis plusieurs annĂ©es,la notion dâĂ©cotourisme. Celle-ci paraĂźt ĂȘtre un remĂšdeĂ la difficile conciliation des enjeux de la conservation, dâune part et du dĂ©veloppement, dâautre part, surtout autour des grands singes, notamment les Gorilles qui constituent un groupe zoologique dâun grand attrait touristique. Conscient de cet enjeu, nous avons menĂ© au Centre de Recherche Mondika, pendant neuf mois, une Ă©tude portant sur le suivi Ă©cologique du groupe de Gorilles nommĂ© ââBukaââ en cours dâhabituation Ă la prĂ©sence humaine en vue de connaĂźtre son rythme circadien (rythme biologique pendant une pĂ©riode dâenviron 24 h). Les objectifs spĂ©cifiques se rĂ©sument Ă identifier les diffĂ©rentes activitĂ©s du groupe, leurs frĂ©quences dâapparition et leurs variations au cours de la journĂ©e, Ă dĂ©terminer les meilleurs moments pour lâobservation du groupe, Ă Ă©valuer la durĂ©e de marche du groupe et ses variations au cours de la journĂ©e.Pour atteindre ces objectifs, nous avons procĂ©dĂ© Ă la recherche documentaire singuliĂšrement sur lâĂ©thologie des gorilles et Ă la rĂ©colte de donnĂ©es qualitative et quantitative de terrain, suivant la mĂ©thode de Masi et al. (2008). Les rĂ©sultats de cette Ă©tude montrent que lâalimentation constitue lâessentiel des activitĂ©s du groupe ââBukaââ. En effet, on note la prĂ©dominance de la rĂ©alisation de lâactivitĂ© alimentaire (A) pendant toute la journĂ©e, avec des pics le matin (de 7 Ă 9 h) et le soir Ă partir de 17 h. Lâalimentation est suivie par des pics de pourcentages de locomotion (L) le matin (de 9 Ă 11 h) et le soir (de 15 Ă 17 h). Lâamusement et le tambourinage sur la poitrine constituent les activitĂ©s sociales les plus menĂ©es. Les fruits et les feuilles sont les aliments les plus consommĂ©s. Les heures allant de 10 Ă 15 h sont celles pendant lesquelles le groupe ââBukaââ est plus visible dans son habitat. Enfin, la pĂ©riode allant de fin aoĂ»t Ă fin octobre est celle pendant laquelle la durĂ©e de marche pour contacter le groupe ââBukaââ est la plus courte.Mots clĂ©s : Ecotourisme, Gorille, attrait touristique, rythme circadien, groupe Buka
Sistem Fonologi Bahasa Kodi di Pulau Sumba
This study focus on a language in Sumba Island, the language of Kodi (BK). Two issues that underlie this study, namely (1) how the inventory of phonemes in BK of Sumba Island, and (2) how the distinctivefeaturesof languagephonemeinventory of BK? Analyzeis done in the form of 350 BK lexicons, which captured through unstructured interviews to five informants who are native speakers of BK. By the generative phonology theory, this qualitative study are summarized in two findings. First, that BK has five vowel phonemes /i, e, a,o, u/, with allophones in the two, namely the phoneme/e/with allophones [e] and [?] as well asthe phoneme/o/with allophones [o] and [?]. BK has 20 consonant phonemes: /p, t, c, k, ?, ?, ?, ?, m, n, ?, mb, nd, nj, ng, l, h, r,w, y /. Sylabel pattern of BK is consist of minimum V (vocal) dan maximum CV (consonant+vocal), because this is a open vocalic language. Second, it can be concluded that based on the basis of distinctive features, phonemeson BK was divided into five groups (feature ofthe main categories, place of articulation, manner of articulation, traits stem tongue, and extra features) and totaled 18 distinguishing features
Movement patterns of forest elephants (Loxodonta cyclotis Matschie, 1900) in the Odzala-Kokoua National Park, Republic of Congo
[Otros] Les Ă©lĂ©phants de forĂȘt d'Afrique (Loxodonta cyclotis Matschie, 1900) sont des ingĂ©nieurs en Ă©cologie qui jouent un rĂŽle fondamental dans la dynamique de la vĂ©gĂ©tation. L'espĂšce constitue une prĂ©occupation immĂ©diate pour la conservation,
mais elle est relativement peu étudiée. Pour combler cette lacune de connaissances,
nous avons étudié les facteurs de déplacements quotidiens (déplacements linéaires)
des Ă©lĂ©phants de forĂȘt Âż caractĂ©risĂ©s par un ensemble de variables gĂ©ographiques,
météorologiques et anthropiques ¿ dans le Parc National d'Odzala¿Kokoua, en
RĂ©publique du Congo. ConcrĂštement, nous avons utilisĂ© la forĂȘt d'arbres dĂ©cisionnels pour modĂ©liser et dĂ©mĂȘler les principaux facteurs environnementaux rĂ©gissant
les dĂ©placements de six Ă©lĂ©phants de forĂȘt, Ă©quipĂ©s de colliers GPS et suivis pendant
16 mois. Les résultats ont montré que les femelles se déplaçaient plus loin que les
mùles, tandis que la présence de routes ou d¿établissements humains perturbait le comportement des éléphants, ce qui accélérait les déplacements. Les éléphants de
forĂȘt se dĂ©plaçaient plus rapidement dans les cours dÂżeau et dans les forĂȘts dont le
sousÂżbois Ă©tait dominĂ© par les forĂȘts de Marantaceae et les bais, mais se dĂ©plaçait plus
lentement dans les savanes. Enfin, les zones inondables ¿ characterisées par l¿altitude
et les prĂ©cipitations accumulĂ©es Âż et les tempĂ©ratures plus Ă©levĂ©es empĂȘchaient des
déplacements plus longs. Nous espérons que ces résultats amélioreront les connaissances sur les mouvements des espÚces à travers différents habitats, ce qui serait
bénéfique pour la gestion de leur conservation.[EN] African forest elephants (Loxodonta cyclotis Matschie, 1900) are ecological engineers
that play a fundamental role in vegetation dynamics. The species is of immediate conservation concern, yet it is relatively understudied. To narrow this knowledge gap,
we studied the drivers of daily movement patterns (linear displacements) of forest
elephantsÂżcharacterised by a set of geographical, meteorological and anthropogenic
variablesÂżin the OdzalaÂżKokoua National Park, Republic of Congo. Explicitly, we used
conditional random forest to model and disentangle the main environmental factors
governing the displacements of six forest elephants,fitted with GPS collars and tracked
over 16 months. Results indicated that females moved further distances than males,
while the presence of roads or human settlements disrupted elephant behaviour resulting in faster displacements. Forest elephants moved faster along watercourses
and through forest with understory dominated by Marantaceae forests and bais, but
moved slower in savannahs. Finally, floodÂżprone areasÂżdescribed by elevation and
accumulated precipitationÂżand higher temperatures prevented longer displacements.
We expect these results to improve the knowledge on the species movements through
different habitats, which would benefit its conservation management.The fieldwork was financed by African Parks. We are grateful
to the Congolese wildlife authorities (MinistĂšre de l'Ăconomie
ForestiĂšre et de l'Environnement) for the permission to carry
out this study, and we are deeply indebted to the director of the
OKNP and to the conservation, wildlife monitoring and research
manager, Erik Marav, respectively, for their continued support
during our study. We are particularly grateful to Dr. Mike Kock,
veterinarian, for collaring the elephants and to the field tracking
team. We are also grateful to SĂ©an Cahill for the useful comments
and English correction that helped improve this manuscript. The
authors of the present study certify that they have no affiliations
with or involvement in any organisation or entity with any financial or nonfinancial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.Molina-Vacas, G.; Muñoz-Mas, R.; Martinez-Capel, F.; Rodriguez-Teijeiro, JD.; Le Fohlic, G. (2019). Movement patterns of forest elephants (Loxodonta cyclotis Matschie, 1900) in the Odzala-Kokoua National Park, Republic of Congo. African Journal of Ecology. 58:23-33. https://doi.org/10.1111/aje.12695S233358Arlot, S., & Celisse, A. (2010). A survey of cross-validation procedures for model selection. Statistics Surveys, 4(0), 40-79. doi:10.1214/09-ss054Bermejo, M. (1999). Status and conservation of primates in Odzala National Park, Republic of the Congo. Oryx, 33(4), 323-331. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3008.1999.00081.xBirkett, P. J., Vanak, A. T., Muggeo, V. M. R., Ferreira, S. M., & Slotow, R. (2012). Animal Perception of Seasonal Thresholds: Changes in Elephant Movement in Relation to Rainfall Patterns. 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Impact du mode de prĂ©lĂšvement sur la faune de lâUnitĂ© ForestiĂšre dâAmĂ©nagement (UFA) MOKABI-DZANGA au nord du Congo Brazzaville
Objectif : Lâobjectif gĂ©nĂ©ral de la prĂ©sente Ă©tude consistait Ă Ă©valuer les dĂ©gĂąts occasionnĂ©s par les opĂ©rations de lâexploitation forestiĂšre sur la faune sauvage dans lâUnitĂ© ForestiĂšre dâAmĂ©nagement (UFA) de MOKABI-DZANGA, notamment dans lâAssiette Annuelle de Coupe (AAC) 2010 au Nord du Congo. Les objectifs spĂ©cifiques dont le but est de gĂ©rer durablement les ressources naturelles dans une unitĂ© dâexploitation forestiĂšre se rĂ©sument Ă dĂ©terminerâą i1 les groupes dâespĂšces animales les plus prĂ©levĂ©s par sexe, et par lâimportance de la pression de la chasse sur les diffĂ©rentes espĂšces des CĂ©phalophes ;âą i2 les quantitĂ©s et la rĂ©partition du stock de gibier prĂ©levĂ© selon lâĂ©tat de conservation,âą i3 lâimportance relative du piĂ©geage et du fusil.MĂ©thodologie et rĂ©sultats : Une Ă©quipe de 15 chasseurs et 15 commerçants de viande de brousse Ă©taient identifiĂ©s dans les villages riverains Ă©tait sĂ©lectionnĂ©e pour atteindre nos objectifs. Il ressort de nos rĂ©sultats que, le groupe dâespĂšce de CĂ©phalophus reprĂ©sente (70%) Ă©tait plus menacĂ© suivi des petits primates (10%), des Suidaes (5%) et Rongeurs (3%). Les enquĂȘtes menĂ©es rĂ©vĂšlent quâune biomasse globale de 4359,50kg Ă©tait prĂ©levĂ©e. La viande fumĂ©e avait un pourcentage trĂšs Ă©levĂ© (66,95%) que la viande fraiche (33,05%). Ainsi, les commerçants de cette activitĂ© ont une prĂ©fĂ©rence sur la viande fumĂ©e que sur la viande fraiche. Par consĂ©quent, la rĂ©partition par sexe indique que les mĂąles Ă©taient plus abattus que les femelles. Les adultes faisaient lâobjet dâun prĂ©lĂšvement plus important suivi des sub-adultes puis des vieux. Parmi les espĂšces, le Cephalophus callipygus Ă©tait plus abattu suivi du Cephalophus monticola, du Cephalophus dorsalis, du Cephalophus sylvicultor et du Cephalophus nigrifons. De plus, on constate que la pratique des piĂšges est plus importante que celle du fusil.Conclusion et application of rĂ©sultats : Les rĂ©sultats de cette Ă©tude montrent que lâouverture des pistes forestiĂšres par lâexploitant occasionne une hĂ©morragie dĂ©sastreuse de la biomasse faunique. Des efforts doivent ĂȘtre entrepris par la sociĂ©tĂ© forestiĂšre propriĂ©taire de lâUFA en vue dâamĂ©liorer et de minimiser lâimpact des opĂ©rations forestiĂšres sur la faune.Mots clĂ©s : Faune sauvage, CĂ©phalophes, Chasse, Impact, Assiette Annuelle de Coupe, Mokabi-Dzanga
Habituation et reproduction du groupe de gorille Buka a la présence humaine pour une promotion ecotouristique
Objectif : LâhumanitĂ© est en quĂȘte de modĂšles dâexploitation durables des ressources naturelles. Câest dans cette optique que se dĂ©veloppe depuis plusieurs annĂ©es, la notion dâĂ©cotourisme. Celle-ci paraĂźt ĂȘtre un remĂšde Ă la difficile conciliation des enjeux de la conservation, dâune part et du dĂ©veloppement, dâautre part, surtout autour des grands singes, notamment les Gorilles qui constituent un groupe zoologique dâun grand attrait touristique. Conscient de cet enjeu, nous avons menĂ© au Centre de Recherche Mondika, pendant neuf mois, une Ă©tude portant sur sa reproduction et son habituation Ă la prĂ©sence humaine en vue de connaĂźtre son rythme circadien (rythme biologique pendant une pĂ©riode dâenviron 24 h). Les objectifs spĂ©cifiques se rĂ©sument Ă identifier les diffĂ©rentes activitĂ©s du groupe, leurs frĂ©quences dâapparition et leurs variations au cours de la journĂ©e, Ă dĂ©terminer les meilleurs moments pour lâobservation du groupe, Ă Ă©valuer la durĂ©e de marche du groupe et ses variations au cours de la journĂ©e.MĂ©thodologie et rĂ©sultats : Pour atteindre ces objectifs, nous avons procĂ©dĂ© Ă la recherche documentaire singuliĂšrement sur lâĂ©thologie des gorilles et Ă la rĂ©colte de donnĂ©es qualitative et quantitative de terrain, suivant la mĂ©thode de Masi et al. (2008). Les rĂ©sultats de cette Ă©tude montrent que lâalimentation constitue lâessentiel des activitĂ©s du groupe Buka. En effet, on note la prĂ©dominance de la rĂ©alisation de lâactivitĂ© alimentaire (A) pendant toute la journĂ©e, avec des pics le matin (de 7 Ă 9 h) et le soir Ă partir de 17 h. Lâalimentation est suivie par des pics de pourcentages de locomotion (L) le matin (de 9 Ă 11 h) et le soir (de 15 Ă 17 h). Les montes et le tambourinage sur la poitrine constituent les activitĂ©s sociales les plus menĂ©es. Les fruits et les feuilles sont les aliments les plus consommĂ©s. Les heures allant de 10 Ă 15 h sont celles pendant lesquelles le groupe Buka est plus visible dans son habitat ; et la reproduction sâintensifie a cette pĂ©riode. Enfin, la pĂ©riode allant de fin aoĂ»t Ă fin octobre est celle pendant laquelle la durĂ©e de marche pour contacter le groupe Buka est la plus courte.Conclusion et application des rĂ©sultats : LâĂ©tude montre que les activitĂ©s de mobilitĂ©, de reproduction et dâalimentation sont maitrisĂ©es chez les gorilles du groupe Buka. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus permettent de jeter les bases devant envisager le suivi Ă©cologique comme un moyen pouvant contribuer Ă lâĂ©laboration dâun bon programme dâĂ©cotourisme avec une bonne habituation humaine.Mots clĂ©s : reproduction, gorille Buka, habituation, Ă©cotourisme-Congo
Profil des vendeurs de viande de chasse et évaluation de la biomasse commercialisée dans les marchés municipaux de Brazzaville, Congo
Feedback of Research Findings for Vaccine Trials: Experiences from Two Malaria Vaccine Trials Involving Healthy Children on the Kenyan Coast
Internationally, calls for feedback of findings to be made an 'ethical imperative' or mandatory have been met with both strong support and opposition. Challenges include differences in issues by type of study and context, disentangling between aggregate and individual study results, and inadequate empirical evidence on which to draw. In this paper we present data from observations and interviews with key stakeholders involved in feeding back aggregate study findings for two Phase II malaria vaccine trials among children under the age of 5 years old on the Kenyan Coast. In our setting, feeding back of aggregate findings was an appreciated set of activities. The inclusion of individual results was important from the point of view of both participants and researchers, to reassure participants of trial safety, and to ensure that positive results were not over-interpreted and that individual level issues around blinding and control were clarified. Feedback sessions also offered an opportunity to re-evaluate and re-negotiate trial relationships and benefits, with potentially important implications for perceptions of and involvement in follow-up work for the trials and in future research. We found that feedback of findings is a complex but key step in a continuing set of social interactions between community members and research staff (particularly field staff who work at the interface with communities), and among community members themselves; a step which needs careful planning from the outset. We agree with others that individual and aggregate results need to be considered separately, and that for individual results, both the nature and value of the information, and the context, including social relationships, need to be taken into account. Copyright © 2013 Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Evaluation of the Daily Bush Meat Intake in Urban Household Consumption in Brazzaville, the Capital City of the Republic of Congo
Language and Ecology in Ecolinguistics Perspective : A Case Study on Tunjuk Ajar Language
Household bushmeat consumption in Brazzaville, the Republic of the Congo.
Wildlife meat is an important source of animal protein for rural and urban populations in Congo. Quantitative and qualitative surveys on the consumption of bushmeat were undertaken in Brazzaville in 2006, in about 1,050 urban households. The main objective was to establish the profiles of consumers and of species concerned. The results showed that 88.3% of the surveyed households consumed bushmeat. Their average size was 5.7 ± 3.2 persons. The average monthly income of an urban consumer with a permanent job was 98,334 (US169) FCFA. It appeared that households preferred to consume bushmeat for two major reasons: the taste or flavor (67.8%) and food habits (14.7%). Meat from mammals was preferred, the top three orders of this class being artiodactyls (48.3%), rodents (28.3%), and primates (13.0%). Some of them are listed as threatened in Congo Brazzaville and are included in the IUCN Red List. The results showed that in Brazzaville, bushmeat consumption remains important and is determined by socio-economic parameters. The promotion of game farming, and breeding of domestic species such as poultry and fish, in the Brazzaville suburbs could help to meet Congolese demand for bushmeat