Avaliação do Potencial do Impacto das Emissões Industriais nas Concentrações de Ozônio Simuladas pelo Modelo SPM-Brams sobre a Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro

Results of ozone concentrations simulated by SPM-BRAMSmodel for the RMRJ were evaluated for the period between October 31and November 01, 2006. Only industrial emissions, provided by FEEMA’semission inventory, were considered. The impact of these sources wasquite significant, especially in the region near to the industrial areas ofDuque de Caxias and Santa Cruz. In these areas ozone values were higherthan the national air quality standard (160 μg.m-3).Os resultados das concentrações de ozônio simuladas pelomodelo SPM-BRAMS para a RMRJ foram avaliadas para o período entre31 de outubro e 01 de novembro de 2006. Apenas as emissões industriais,fornecidas através de um inventário realizado pela FEEMA, foramconsideradas. O impacto destas foi bastante significativo, principalmente,na região próxima às áreas industriais de Duque de Caxias e SantaCruz. Nessas áreas os valores de concentração de ozônio foram superioresao padrão nacional de qualidade do ar (160 μg.m-3)

Potential health impact of ultrafine particles under clean and polluted urban atmospheric conditions: a model-based study

The main goal of this study was to improve the knowledge of ultrafine particle number distributions in large urban areas and also to call the attention to the importance of these particles on assessing health risks. Measurements of aerosol size distributions were performed during 2 weeks, with distinct pollutant concentrations (polluted and clean periods), on the rooftop of a building located in downtown of the megacity of São Paulo, Brazil. CO, NO2, PM10, SO2, and O3 concentrations and meteorological variables were also used. Aerosol size distribution measurements showed that geometric mean diameters of the size spectra in the polluted period are on average considerably larger than those in the clean one. Besides the fact that total number of ultrafine particles did not show significant differences, during the polluted period, geometric mean diameter was larger than during the clean one. The results of a mathematical model of particle deposition on human respiratory tract indicated a more significant effect of smaller particles fraction of the spectra, which predominate under clean atmospheric conditions. The results also indicated that urban environmental conditions usually considered good for air quality, under the criteria of low mass concentration, do not properly serve as air quality standard to very small particles. In the size range of ultrafine particles, this traditional clean atmospheric condition can offer a strong risk to pulmonary hazards, since the cleansing of the atmosphere creates good conditions to increase the concentration of nucleation mode particles

Effects of Size Distributions From Two Distinct Polluted Environments On Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Aerosols

Um modelo matemático simples foi utilizado para estudar oefeito da distribuição de tamanho das partículas sobre a eficiência deremoção por deposição seca. Para esta finalidade foram utilizadas duasdistribuições de tamanho de aerossóis, típicas de ambientes poluídos:uma distribuição de ambiente de queimada (Amazônia) e outra de ambienteurbano (São Paulo). Os resultados mostraram que partículas origináriasde ambiente urbano são mais eficientemente removidas por deposiçãoseca do que partículas de queimada. Este comportamento está associadoao fato de que a natureza de remoção das partículas por deposiçãoseca é pouco eficiente para diâmetros entre 0,1 e 1,0 mm, domínioem que se concentra a maior parte das partículas de queimada. Esse mecanismodiferencial de deposição é o que explica o maior efeito deletériodas partículas ultra-finas no sistema respiratório humano

Variabilidade das Concentrações do o3 Troposférico: Dados de Superfície e Sondagens Medidos durante a Campanha Primavera de o3. Em 2006

Variabilidade das concentrações do O3 troposférico: dadosde superfície e sondagens medidos durante a campanha“Primavera de O3” em 200

Limited area models coupling atmosphere (mm5) and ocean (pom) and its application in southwest south atlantic bight

In this study it is presented the methodology used to develop a coupled modeling system between atmosphere and ocean. MM5 (Mesoscale Modelling System 5th Generation) and Princeton Ocean Model (POM) have been used as the basic tools for the proposed methodology. Interpolation routines were created, using Barnes (1964) objective analysis that was used as base method in order to exchange fields between the models. POM has been setup to transfer sea surface temperature to MM5, while it back with momentum flux and solar radiation. Results obtained from Ocean Data Assimilation (ODA) Experiment, developed by the Geophysical Fluids Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) using the Modular Ocean Model (MOM), have been used as initial and boundary condition for temperature, salinity and horizontal velocity components. In atmosphere Global Forecast System Model (National Centers for Environmental Prediction - NCEP) analysis has been used as initial and boundary conditions, updated every six hours. Computational, and some physical aspects, of the coupled system are investigated for the Southwest Atlantic Bight (region near shore Vitória-Trindade chain extending to Itajaí on 27°S latitude). The results have shown some computational throughputs in interpolation routines when transferring fields between models. Both atmospheric and ocean models has shown physical results reasonable with that encountered in that region.Pages: 1373-138

Ozone sounding in the Metropolitan Area of Sao Paulo, Brazil: Wet and dry season campaigns of 2006

In the Metropolitan Area of Sao Paulo (MASP), located in southeastern Brazil, surface ozone concentrations are often well above the national air quality standards. In this experimental study, we attempted to characterize the vertical profile of atmospheric ozone and transport of the ozone plume in the boundary layer, using data from the first ozone soundings ever taken in the MASP. In 2006, we launched fifteen ozonesondes: eight from 15 to 18 May (dry season); and seven from 30 October to 1 November (wet season). Vertical ozone mixing ratios in the troposphere were approximately 40 ppb, reaching maximum values of approximately 60 ppb during the dry-season campaign and approximately 100 ppb during the wet-season campaign. In the first and second campaigns, the mean tropospheric ozone column abundance was 28.2 and 41.3 DU, respectively, which can be attributed to the considerable variation in the annual temperature cycle over the region. To determine the effect that biomass burning has on ozone concentrations over the MASP, we analyzed wind trajectories and satellite-derived fire counts. We cannot state unequivocally that biomass burning contributed to higher ozone concentrations above the boundary layer during the experimental campaigns. In the boundary layer, ozone concentrations increase with altitude, peaking at the base of the inversion layer, suggesting that local emissions of volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides play a significant role in the lower troposphere over MASP, influencing ozone formation not only at the surface but also vertically in the atmosphere and in distant regions. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP, Sao Paulo Research Foundation)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP, Sao Paulo Research Foundation) [03/06414-0

Digital Modernism Heritage Lexicon

The book investigates the theme of Modernism (1920-1960 and its epigones) as an integral part of tangible and intangible cultural heritage which contains the result of a whole range of disciplines whose aim is to identify, document and preserve the memory of the past and the value of the future. Including several chapters, it contains research results relating to cultural heritage, more specifically Modernism, and current digital technologies. This makes it possible to record and evaluate the changes that both undergo: the first one, from a material point of view, the second one from the research point of view, which integrates the traditional approach with an innovative one. The purpose of the publication is to show the most recent studies on the modernist lexicon 100 years after its birth, moving through different fields of cultural heritage: from different forms of art to architecture, from design to engineering, from literature to history, representation and restoration. The book appeals to scholars and professionals who are involved in the process of understanding, reading and comprehension the transformation that the places have undergone within the period under examination. It will certainly foster the international exchange of knowledge that characterized Modernism