No Singular (2012): dança contemporânea ou ferramenta de um projeto modernizador?

CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoTrabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação)Nesse trabalho temos como objetivo central a compreensão contextual do registro fílmico do Espetáculo No Singular (2012) da Quasar Cia. de Dança. Assim, iniciamos o levantamento de materiais, principalmente áudio visual, para realização da pesquisa. Juntamente com esse material, fui orientado a iniciar as leituras sobre história da dança e de quem já tivesse percorrido caminhos próximos ao meu. O primeiro trabalho que tive contato foi a dissertação de mestrado de Daniela de Sousa Reis, Representações de Brasilidade nos Trabalhos do Grupo Corpo: (Des)construção da Obra Coreográfica 21 (2005). A partir desse trabalho, comecei a delinear, mais ou menos, meu ambiente de pesquisa, agora consciente que esse tipo de estudo faz parte do que chamamos História Cultural. Comecei então a leitura de obras de autores que faziam parte dessa linha de pesquisa, principalmente Roger Chartier, através do livro A História Cultural: Entre Práticas e Representações (2002). Através do trabalho de Daniela Reis, também tive contato com Michel de Certeau. Em A Escrita da história (1982), Certeau alerta para a necessidade da diversificação de fontes em trabalhos historiográficos, o que logo foi possível articular com a leitura de Canibalismo dos Fracos: Cinema e História do Brasil (2002), de Alcides Freire Ramos, e Vianinha: um Dramaturgo no Coração de seu Tempo (1999), de Rosangela Patriota. Tanto Ramos quanto Patriota nos fornece uma metodologia de pesquisa ao enfrentarmos documentos produzidos sobre a obra que estamos estudando. Nesse sentido, é possível perceber que reportagens de jornais e crítica especializada podem funcionar como artigos que auxiliam a recepção por parte do público e, ao mesmo tempo, são capazes de criar significados sobre determinada obra. Ambos os historiadores têm como fundamentação o teórico Roland Barthes. Barthes em seu ensaio O Que é a Crítica (2007), estabelece alguns fundamentes que definem o ofício da crítica, e, a partir de então, foi possível identificar a diferença entre um texto crítico e uma reportagem de divulgação, bem como a possibilidade de ambos terem projetos políticos e artísticos não explicitamente declarados que devem ser identificados pelo pesquisador. Não obstante essas questões teóricas, tínhamos em mente, também, outro problema. Sabíamos que não estávamos lidando com a obra encenada, mas sim com o registro fílmico de sua apresentação e, portanto, precisaríamos de algumas ferramentas para estabelecer as particularidades desse objeto. Walter Benjamin foi o primeiro teórico que tivemos contato, pois, em A Obra de Arte na Era de Sua Reprodutibilidade Técnica (1936), nos é apontado algumas mudanças nas relações do homem com a arte, a partir do desenvolvimento técnico de aparelhos capazes de reproduzir a arte. Também nos concentramos no texto de Ciro Flamarion Cardoso e Ana Maria Mauad, “História e Imagem: os Exemplos da Fotografia e do Cinema” (1997), que explicita as diversas possibilidades de interação entre as imagens e a própria linguagem fílmica no cinema. Por fim, nos detivemos em uma breve discussão sobre o conceito de dança contemporânea tão caro ao campo teórico da dança. Nesse sentido, mobilizamos opiniões diversas sobre o conceito que consta nas obras escritas por Antônio José Faro, Hannelore Falbusch e Claudia Goés Muller

The receptions of Quasar Cia. de Dança: influences and interpretations about the spectacle No Singular (2012)

This study aims to analyze the art scene, more specifically the dance scence, in the city of Goiânia from the 2000s. The main object of analysis is No Singular (2012), a performance by Quasar Cia. De Dança, a dance company established in the 1990s and kept active at least until the second half of the 2000s. This work’s intention is to understand and discuss interpretations about the company developed by academia, the media and art critics. The research questions values commonly attributed to the company’s work, such as contemporary dance, innovation, singularity and isolation. Such values, or ideas, are usually linked to Quasar’s choreographer Henrique Rodovalho, who rises as a central figure in Goiás State cultural scene, following the recognition of the dance company in the 1990s. In this context, the study’s goal is to discuss these ideas from a broader perspective about cultural production, establishing a dialogue with what has been released in academic papers and newspaper articles about art and culture in the city of Goiânia.CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoDissertação (Mestrado)Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o cenário artístico goiniense, mais especificamente o campo da dança, a partir dos anos 2000. O objeto central é a análise do espetáculo No Singular (2012), da Quasar Cia. De Dança, que se estabelece no cenário cultural a partir dos anos de 1990, como um grupo estável de produção artística, até, pelo menos, a segunda década dos anos 2000. A intenção é compreender e discutir determinadas interpretações construídas sobre a companhia em diversos âmbitos, tais como o acadêmico, jornalístico e a crítica especializada, a partir da recepção das obras produzidas e apresentadas pelo grupo. No campo da recepção, é perceptível a atribuição de certos valores à companhia, como as ideias de dança contemporânea, inovação, singularidade e isolamento, os quais foram questionados ao longo da pesquisa. Esses valores, ou ideias, estão normalmente atreladas ao coreógrafo da Quasar, Henrique Rodovalho, que surge como figura central em todo o contexto cultural do estado de Goiás, após o reconhecimento da companhia no anos de 1990. Nesse sentido, objetivamos discutir essas ideias a partir de uma reflexão mais ampla sobre a produção cultural, articulando com o que tem sido divulgado em trabalhos acadêmicos e nas notícias de jornais sobre arte e cultura na cidade de Goiânia

Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, ventilation management, and outcomes in invasively ventilated intensive care unit patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome: a pooled analysis of four observational studies

Background: Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, the practice of ventilation, and outcome in invasively ventilated intensive care unit (ICU) patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remain unexplored. In this analysis we aim to address these gaps using individual patient data of four large observational studies. Methods: In this pooled analysis we harmonised individual patient data from the ERICC, LUNG SAFE, PRoVENT, and PRoVENT-iMiC prospective observational studies, which were conducted from June, 2011, to December, 2018, in 534 ICUs in 54 countries. We used the 2016 World Bank classification to define two geoeconomic regions: middle-income countries (MICs) and high-income countries (HICs). ARDS was defined according to the Berlin criteria. Descriptive statistics were used to compare patients in MICs versus HICs. The primary outcome was the use of low tidal volume ventilation (LTVV) for the first 3 days of mechanical ventilation. Secondary outcomes were key ventilation parameters (tidal volume size, positive end-expiratory pressure, fraction of inspired oxygen, peak pressure, plateau pressure, driving pressure, and respiratory rate), patient characteristics, the risk for and actual development of acute respiratory distress syndrome after the first day of ventilation, duration of ventilation, ICU length of stay, and ICU mortality. Findings: Of the 7608 patients included in the original studies, this analysis included 3852 patients without ARDS, of whom 2345 were from MICs and 1507 were from HICs. Patients in MICs were younger, shorter and with a slightly lower body-mass index, more often had diabetes and active cancer, but less often chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure than patients from HICs. Sequential organ failure assessment scores were similar in MICs and HICs. Use of LTVV in MICs and HICs was comparable (42·4% vs 44·2%; absolute difference -1·69 [-9·58 to 6·11] p=0·67; data available in 3174 [82%] of 3852 patients). The median applied positive end expiratory pressure was lower in MICs than in HICs (5 [IQR 5-8] vs 6 [5-8] cm H2O; p=0·0011). ICU mortality was higher in MICs than in HICs (30·5% vs 19·9%; p=0·0004; adjusted effect 16·41% [95% CI 9·52-23·52]; p<0·0001) and was inversely associated with gross domestic product (adjusted odds ratio for a US$10 000 increase per capita 0·80 [95% CI 0·75-0·86]; p<0·0001). Interpretation: Despite similar disease severity and ventilation management, ICU mortality in patients without ARDS is higher in MICs than in HICs, with a strong association with country-level economic status

Health-status outcomes with invasive or conservative care in coronary disease

BACKGROUND In the ISCHEMIA trial, an invasive strategy with angiographic assessment and revascularization did not reduce clinical events among patients with stable ischemic heart disease and moderate or severe ischemia. A secondary objective of the trial was to assess angina-related health status among these patients. METHODS We assessed angina-related symptoms, function, and quality of life with the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) at randomization, at months 1.5, 3, and 6, and every 6 months thereafter in participants who had been randomly assigned to an invasive treatment strategy (2295 participants) or a conservative strategy (2322). Mixed-effects cumulative probability models within a Bayesian framework were used to estimate differences between the treatment groups. The primary outcome of this health-status analysis was the SAQ summary score (scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better health status). All analyses were performed in the overall population and according to baseline angina frequency. RESULTS At baseline, 35% of patients reported having no angina in the previous month. SAQ summary scores increased in both treatment groups, with increases at 3, 12, and 36 months that were 4.1 points (95% credible interval, 3.2 to 5.0), 4.2 points (95% credible interval, 3.3 to 5.1), and 2.9 points (95% credible interval, 2.2 to 3.7) higher with the invasive strategy than with the conservative strategy. Differences were larger among participants who had more frequent angina at baseline (8.5 vs. 0.1 points at 3 months and 5.3 vs. 1.2 points at 36 months among participants with daily or weekly angina as compared with no angina). CONCLUSIONS In the overall trial population with moderate or severe ischemia, which included 35% of participants without angina at baseline, patients randomly assigned to the invasive strategy had greater improvement in angina-related health status than those assigned to the conservative strategy. The modest mean differences favoring the invasive strategy in the overall group reflected minimal differences among asymptomatic patients and larger differences among patients who had had angina at baseline

Initial invasive or conservative strategy for stable coronary disease

BACKGROUND Among patients with stable coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia, whether clinical outcomes are better in those who receive an invasive intervention plus medical therapy than in those who receive medical therapy alone is uncertain. METHODS We randomly assigned 5179 patients with moderate or severe ischemia to an initial invasive strategy (angiography and revascularization when feasible) and medical therapy or to an initial conservative strategy of medical therapy alone and angiography if medical therapy failed. The primary outcome was a composite of death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, or hospitalization for unstable angina, heart failure, or resuscitated cardiac arrest. A key secondary outcome was death from cardiovascular causes or myocardial infarction. RESULTS Over a median of 3.2 years, 318 primary outcome events occurred in the invasive-strategy group and 352 occurred in the conservative-strategy group. At 6 months, the cumulative event rate was 5.3% in the invasive-strategy group and 3.4% in the conservative-strategy group (difference, 1.9 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8 to 3.0); at 5 years, the cumulative event rate was 16.4% and 18.2%, respectively (difference, 121.8 percentage points; 95% CI, 124.7 to 1.0). Results were similar with respect to the key secondary outcome. The incidence of the primary outcome was sensitive to the definition of myocardial infarction; a secondary analysis yielded more procedural myocardial infarctions of uncertain clinical importance. There were 145 deaths in the invasive-strategy group and 144 deaths in the conservative-strategy group (hazard ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.32). CONCLUSIONS Among patients with stable coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia, we did not find evidence that an initial invasive strategy, as compared with an initial conservative strategy, reduced the risk of ischemic cardiovascular events or death from any cause over a median of 3.2 years. The trial findings were sensitive to the definition of myocardial infarction that was used