2,892 research outputs found
Astrometric planet search around southern ultracool dwarfs III. Discovery of a brown dwarf in a 3-year orbit around DE0630-18
Using astrometric measurements obtained with the FORS2/VLT camera, we are
searching for low-mass companions around 20 nearby ultracool dwarfs. With a
single-measurement precision of 0.1 milli-arcseconds, our survey is sensitive
to a wide range of companion masses from planetary companions to binary
systems. Here, we report the discovery and orbit characterisation of a new
ultracool binary at a distance of 19.5 pc from Earth that is composed of the
M8.5-dwarf primary DE0630-18 and a substellar companion. The nearly edge-on
orbit is moderately eccentric (e=0.23) with an orbital period of 1120 d, which
corresponds to a relative separation in semimajor axis of approximately 1.1 AU.
We obtained a high-resolution optical spectrum with UVES/VLT and measured the
system's heliocentric radial velocity. The spectrum does not exhibit lithium
absorption at 670.8 nm, indicating that the system is not extremely young. A
preliminary estimate of the binary's physical parameters tells us that it is
composed of a primary at the stellar-substellar limit and a massive brown-dwarf
companion. DE0630-18 is a new very low-mass binary system with a
well-characterised orbit.Comment: 4 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in A&
Astrometric orbit of a low-mass companion to an ultracool dwarf
Little is known about the existence of extrasolar planets around ultracool
dwarfs. Furthermore, binary stars with Sun-like primaries and very low-mass
binaries composed of ultracool dwarfs show differences in the distributions of
mass ratio and orbital separation that can be indicative of distinct formation
mechanisms. Using FORS2/VLT optical imaging for high precision astrometry we
are searching for planets and substellar objects around ultracool dwarfs to
investigate their multiplicity properties for very low companion masses. Here
we report astrometric measurements with an accuracy of two tenths of a
milli-arcsecond over two years that reveal orbital motion of the nearby L1.5
dwarf DENIS-P J082303.1-491201 located at 20.77 +/- 0.08 pc caused by an unseen
companion that revolves about its host on an eccentric orbit in 246.4 +/- 1.4
days. We estimate the L1.5 dwarf to have 7.5 +/- 0.7 % of the Sun's mass that
implies a companion mass of 28 +/- 2 Jupiter masses. This new system has the
smallest mass ratio (0.36 +/- 0.02) of known very low-mass binaries with
characterised orbits. With this discovery we demonstrate 200 micro-arcsecond
astrometry over an arc-minute field and over several years that is sufficient
to discover sub-Jupiter mass planets around ultracool dwarfs. We also show that
the achieved parallax accuracy of < 0.4 % makes it possible to remove distance
as a dominant source of uncertainty in the modelling of ultracool dwarfs.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and
Astrophysics. The reduced astrometry data will be made publically available
through the CD
Astrometric planet search around southern ultracool dwarfs II: Astrometric reduction methods and a deep astrometric catalogue
We describe the astrometric reduction of images obtained with the FORS2/VLT
camera in the framework of an astrometric planet search around 20
M/L-transition dwarfs. We present the correction of systematic errors, the
achieved astrometric performance, and a new astrometric catalogue containing
the faint reference stars in 20 fields located close to the Galactic plane. We
detected three types of systematic errors in the FORS2 astrometry: the relative
motion of the camera's two CCD chips, errors that are correlated in space, and
an error contribution of yet unexplained origin. The relative CCD motion has
probably a thermal origin and usually is 0.001-0.010 px (~0.1-1 mas), but
sometimes amounts to 0.02-0.05 px (3-6 mas). This instability and
space-correlated errors are detected and mitigated using reference stars. The
third component of unknown origin has an amplitude of 0.03-0.14 mas and is
independent of the observing conditions. We find that a consecutive sequence of
32 images of a well-exposed star over 40 min at 0.6" seeing results in a median
r.m.s. of the epoch residuals of 0.126 mas. Overall, the epoch residuals are
distributed according to a normal law with a chi2~1. We compiled a catalogue of
12000 stars with I-band magnitudes of 16-22 located in 20 fields, each covering
~2x2'. It contains I-band magnitudes, ICRF positions with 40-70 mas precision,
and relative proper motions and absolute trigonometric parallaxes with a
precision of 0.1 mas/yr and 0.1 mas at the bright end, respectively.Comment: 17 pages, 19 figures, 4 tables, accepted for publication in A&A on
March 14, 201
Astrometric planet search around southern ultracool dwarfs I: First results, including parallaxes of 20 M8-L2 dwarfs
Extrasolar planet searches targeting very low-mass stars and brown dwarfs are
hampered by intrinsic or instrumental limitations. Time series of astrometric
measurements with precisions better than one milli-arcsecond can yield new
evidence on the planet occurrence around these objects. We present first
results of an astrometric search for planets around 20 nearby dwarf stars with
spectral types M8-L2. Over a timespan of two years, we obtained I-band images
of the target fields with the FORS2 camera at the Very Large Telescope. Using
background stars as references, we monitored the targets' astrometric
trajectories, which allowed us to measure parallax and proper motions, set
limits on the presence of planets, and to discover the orbital motions of two
binary systems. We determined trigonometric parallaxes with an average accuracy
of 0.09 mas (~0.2 %) resulting in a reference sample for the study of ultracool
dwarfs at the M/L transition, whose members are located at distances of 9.5-40
pc. This sample contains two newly discovered tight binaries (DE0630-18 and
DE0823-49) and one previously known wide binary (DE1520-44). Only one target
shows I-band variability >5 mmag r.m.s. We derived planet exclusion limits that
set an upper limit of 9 % to the occurrence of giant planets with masses >5
MJup in intermediate-separation (0.01-0.8 AU) orbits around M8-L2 dwarfs. We
demonstrated that astrometric observations with an accuracy of 120 micro-arcsec
over two years are feasible from the ground and can be used for a planet search
survey. The detection of two tight very low-mass binaries showed that our
search strategy is efficient and may lead to the detection of planetary-mass
companions through follow-up observations.Comment: 19 pages. Accepted to A&A on March 10, 2014. This is the accepted
version of the paper that includes minor changes and language editin
DE082349 is a juvenile binary brown dwarf at 20.7 pc
Astrometric monitoring of the nearby early-L dwarf DE082349 has revealed a
low-mass companion in a 248-day orbit that was announced in an earlier work.
Here, we present new astrometric and spectroscopic observations that allow us
to characterise the system in detail. The optical spectrum shows LiI-absorption
indicative of a young age and/or substellar mass for the primary component. The
near-infrared spectrum is best reproduced by a binary system of brown dwarfs
with spectral types of L1.5 L5.5 and effective temperatures of
K and K. To conform with the photocentric orbit size measured with
astrometry and the current understanding of substellar evolution, the system
must have an age in the 80--500 Myr range. Evolutionary models predict
component masses in the ranges of and
with a mass ratio of .
Multi-epoch radial velocity measurements unambiguously establish the
three-dimensional orbit of the system and allow us to investigate its kinematic
properties. DE082349 emerges as a rare example of a nearby brown dwarf
binary with orbit, component properties, and age that are characterised well.
It is a juvenile resident of the solar neighbourhood, but does not appear to
belong to a known young association or moving group.Comment: 9 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publication in A&
Microcanonical finite-size scaling in specific heat diverging 2nd order phase transitions
A Microcanonical Finite Site Ansatz in terms of quantities measurable in a
Finite Lattice allows to extend phenomenological renormalization (the so called
quotients method) to the microcanonical ensemble. The Ansatz is tested
numerically in two models where the canonical specific-heat diverges at
criticality, thus implying Fisher-renormalization of the critical exponents:
the 3D ferromagnetic Ising model and the 2D four-states Potts model (where
large logarithmic corrections are known to occur in the canonical ensemble). A
recently proposed microcanonical cluster method allows to simulate systems as
large as L=1024 (Potts) or L=128 (Ising). The quotients method provides
extremely accurate determinations of the anomalous dimension and of the
(Fisher-renormalized) thermal exponent. While in the Ising model the
numerical agreement with our theoretical expectations is impressive, in the
Potts case we need to carefully incorporate logarithmic corrections to the
microcanonical Ansatz in order to rationalize our data.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figure
A pair of planets around HD 202206 or a circumbinary planet?
Long-term precise Doppler measurements with the CORALIE spectrograph reveal
the presence of a second planet orbiting the solar-type star HD202206. The
radial-velocity combined fit yields companion masses of m_2\sini = 17.4 M_Jup
and 2.44 M_Jup, semi-major axes of a = 0.83 AU and 2.55 AU, and eccentricities
of e = 0.43 and 0.27, respectively. A dynamical analysis of the system further
shows a 5/1 mean motion resonance between the two planets. This system is of
particular interest since the inner planet is within the brown-dwarf limits
while the outer one is much less massive. Therefore, either the inner planet
formed simultaneously in the protoplanetary disk as a superplanet, or the outer
Jupiter-like planet formed in a circumbinary disk. We believe this singular
planetary system will provide important constraints on planetary formation and
migration scenarios.Comment: 9 pages, 14 figures, accepted in A&A, 12-May-200
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