Report on Phase Two: The readiness to practise of NQSWs.

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Inter-rater reliability, internal consistency and common technique flaws of the tuck jump assessment in elite female football players

Injury rates between elite female and male players are comparable, although female players are more likely to sustain an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. The common mechanism of ACL injury is non-contact trauma sustained when landing from a jump. The Tuck Jump Assessment (TJA) is commonly used in football to assess jump landing technique. The aims of this study were to determine inter-rater agreement and internal consistency of the TJA and to identify commonly occurring technique flaws. Sixty elite female football players (mean (SD): age = 20.27 ± 3.44yrs) were video recorded whilst undertaking the TJA and independently assessed by four raters. Clinically acceptable levels of agreement were reached for ‘Lower extremity valgus at landing’ k = .83 (95% CI, .72 – .93); ‘Thighs do not reach parallel’ k = .84 (95% CI, .74 - .94); ‘Thighs not equal side to side’ k = .86 (95% CI, .75 - .96). The level of agreement for the composite score of all 10 criteria ranged from kw = .62 (95% CI, .48 – .76) to kw = .80 (95% CI, .70 – .90) suggesting a ‘fair-to-very good’ level of inter-rater agreement. The most common technique flaws were found for criterion 2 ‘Thighs do not reach parallel’ (N=147/665) and criterion 1 ‘Knee valgus on landing’ (N=80/665). However, internal consistency results suggest that the TJA is not unidimensional. We suggest ‘Knee valgus on landing’ may have clinical utility although further research is needed

Flight Lieutenant Peach’s observations on Burning Feet Syndrome in Far Eastern Prisoners of War 1942-45

This historical review analyses ‘Burning Feet Syndr ome’, a condition suffered by Far Eastern Prisoners of War in the Second World War. Case reco rds from RAF doctor Nowell Peach, written at the time, are retrospectively assessed a gainst modern diagnostic criteria to determine if the syndrome can be retrospectively cl assed as neuropathic pain

Building a Web-Features Taxonomy for Structuring Web Design Guidelines

This paper proposes a framework for structuring web design guidelines that incorporates the hierarchies of web features and their semantic relationships with HTML and CSS. It is argued that this approach will be synchronous with the mental model of web designers, thus making the guidelines more usable. In addition, this approach embraces both external and internal aspects of web design, so there is little compromise on the coverage of web design issues. An experiment was conducted to compare the relative effectiveness of the proposed framework with other guideline structures (e.g., principle-oriented and a mixture of principle and feature-oriented). There was evidence that the principle-oriented guidelines performed worse than the other structures, but the analyses failed to establish that the proposed framework as the most effective. The experiment showed promising results but it suffered from small sample size. In spite of this, it is believed that the proposed taxonomy and framework has laid the groundwork for future research.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline

Flight Lieutenant Peach's observations on Burning Feet Syndrome in Far Eastern Prisoners of War 1942-45.

Introduction: ‘Burning Feet Syndrome’ affected up to one third of Far Eastern Prisoners of War in World War 2. Recently discovered medical records, produced by RAF Medical Officer Nowell Peach whilst in captivity, are the first to detail neurological examinations of patients with this condition. Methods: The 54 sets of case notes produced at the time were analysed using modern diagnostic criteria to determine if the syndrome can be retrospectively classed as neuropathic pain. Results: With a history of severe malnutrition raising the possibility of a peripheral polyneuropathy, and a neuroanatomically plausible pain distribution, this analysis showed that Burning Feet Syndrome can now be described as a ‘possible’ neuropathic pain syndrome. Conclusion: After 70 years, the data painstakingly gathered under the worst of circumstances have proved to be of interest and value in modern diagnostics of neuropathic pain

Developments in cell biology for quantitative immunoelectron microscopy based on thin sections: a review

Quantitative immunoelectron microscopy uses ultrathin sections and gold particle labelling to determine distributions of molecules across cell compartments. Here, we review a portfolio of new methods for comparing labelling distributions between different compartments in one study group (method 1) and between the same compartments in two or more groups (method 2). Specimen samples are selected unbiasedly and then observed and expected distributions of gold particles are estimated and compared by appropriate statistical procedures. The methods can be used to analyse gold label distributed between volume-occupying (organelle) and surface-occupying (membrane) compartments, but in method 1, membranes must be treated as organelles. With method 1, gold counts are combined with stereological estimators of compartment size to determine labelling density (LD). For volume-occupiers, LD can be expressed simply as golds per test point and, for surface-occupiers, as golds per test line intersection. Expected distributions are generated by randomly assigning gold particles to compartments and expressing observed/expected counts as a relative labelling index (RLI). Preferentially-labelled compartments are identified from their RLI values and by Chi-squared analysis of observed and expected distributions. For method 2, the raw gold particle counts distributed between compartments are simply compared across groups by contingency table and Chi-squared analysis. This identifies the main compartments responsible for the differences between group distributions. Finally, we discuss labelling efficiency (the number of gold particles per target molecule) and describe how it can be estimated for volume- or surface-occupiers by combining stereological data with biochemical determinations

Utility of Direct Pancreatic Function Testing in Children

OBJECTIVES: Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) can have a significant impact on a child's growth and nutrition. Our aim was to evaluate the utility of direct endoscopic pancreatic function testing (ePFT) in pediatrics. METHODS: A single-center retrospective chart review was performed of children who underwent ePFT from December 2007 through February 2015. Endoscopic pancreatic function testings were performed by 1 of 2 methods: (1) intravenous cholecystokinin, followed by the collection of a single duodenal aspirate at 10 minutes, or (2) intravenous cholecystokinin or secretin, followed by the collection of 3 duodenal aspirates at a 5, 10, and 15 minutes. Samples were tested for pH and enzyme activities. RESULTS: A total of 508 ePFTs were performed (481 single-sample tests, 27 multiple-sample tests). Based on the multiple-sample group, enzyme levels for chymotrypsin, amylase, and lipase peaked at 5 minutes, followed by a decrease in activity over time. Exocrine pancreatic sufficiency was identified in 373 (73.4%) and EPI in 93 (18.3%). Exocrine pancreatic sufficiency analysis found all pancreatic enzyme activities significantly increase with age: trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase, and lipase, (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic pancreatic function testing can be used in the evaluation of EPI in children. Normative data suggest that pancreatic enzyme activities mature with age