The role of market discipline in handling problem banks

This paper considers the conditions that are necessary for market discipline to complement prompt corrective action (PCA) by the authorities in handling problem banks. We initially consider precisely what market discipline means in this context, who exercises it and the preconditions that are necessary for it to operate effectively. We explore the incentives that are necessary for PCA and market discipline to reinforce rather than cancel each other and in particular consider the limits to market discipline in this context from corporate governance and from difficulties in valuation. While our analysis is primarily aimed at advanced countries, we also examine problems in emerging markets and how deposit insurance arrangements might conflict with the aims of both PCA and market discipline.market discipline; banks; prompt corrective action

The role of market discipline in handling problem banks

This paper considers the conditions that are necessary for market discipline to complement prompt corrective action (PCA) by the authorities in handling problem banks. We initially consider precisely what market discipline means in this context, who exercises it and the preconditions that are necessary for it to operate effectively. We explore the incentives that are necessary for PCA and market discipline to reinforce rather than cancel each other and in particular consider the limits to market discipline in this context from corporate governance and from difficulties in valuation. While our analysis is primarily aimed at advanced countries, we also examine problems in emerging markets and how deposit insurance arrangements might conflict with the aims of both PCA and market discipline.market discipline, banks, prompt corrective action

Incorporating Time-Lag Effects Into The Expectancy Model of Motivation: A Reformulation of the Model

Of cognitive theories of motivation, the most intensively researched in recent years is the Valence-Instrumentality-Expectancy (VIE) theory. A recent review of VIE research (9) shows the valence model to be reasonably predictive of occupational preference, job satisfaction, and valence of performance. The behavioral choice model has not fared so well; although it moderately predicts self-ratings of job effort, its efficiency in predicting criteria measured by other then self-ratings is questionable. When the behavioral choice model is used in research, the following findings are typical: 1. Intrinsic outcomes (feelings of accomplishment, etc.) are better predictors of satisfaction and performance than are extrinsic outcomes (pay, promotions, etc.). 2. Small variances are obtained in valence measures; thus, multiplying expectancy by valence does not increase predictability over use of expectancy alone. 3. Casual tests using time series designs are inconclusive. In addition to a number of methodological problems, these findings led Mitchell (9) to suggest development of more accurate theoretical representations and better construct measures

ELF: The electronic learning facilitator

As the world‐wide computer network becomes ubiquitous, new tools have been developed, such as the World Wide Web (WWW), for the delivery of multimedia hypertext‐based documents. Similarly, there has been an explosion in the amount of email, bulletin boards, and Usenet News available. This has led to a major problem of information overload: we are slowly but surely being overwhelmed by the amount of information available to us

Using IT Support to improve the quality of Peer Assisted Learning

Peer assisted learning (PAL) is one way to increase the empowerment of students through their learning practices and, hence, enhance their learning journey. PAL involves students mentoring groups of academically less experienced students; develops the quality and diversity of student learning, and enables students to become active partners in their learning experience. PAL supports student transition into higher education and there is evidence that it can aid retention in the early weeks of degree study. Retention is becoming a key issue for universities and one of the key performance indicators (KPIs) of quality education under the strategy for higher education set out by the current government. The PAL³ project is funded by Learn Higher and is an on going project investigating the use of IT support to improve the quality of Peer Assisted Learning. The project has set up a learning environment for students, and a knowledge base for PAL student mentors and PAL and other academic staff. This paper reports on initial findings from the project which can be divided into two strands. Firstly, the compilation of a staff knowledge base has highlighted the fact that PAL is known by different names and has different meanings in different places. We provide an initial classification. Secondly, the PAL student environment, which has been implemented and used by the student cohort and their PAL student mentors, has highlighted issues that were not envisaged at the beginning of the study and this has implications for future work

School Counselors as Leaders in School Turnaround

This study examined the role of professional school counselors in the school turnaround process. Themes from a qualitative case study analysis suggest that school counselors used leadership to develop data-driven programs and activities congruent with the ASCA National Model. Additionally, school counselors sought greater collaboration, partnership, and relationships with teachers, students, families, and the community at larger. Finally, the role of school counselors was heavily shaped by the expectations of school principals. Implications are explored for school counseling practice

Pengaruh Suku Bunga Kredit dan Produk Domestik Regional Bruto terhadap Penyaluran Kredit Perbankan Bank Umum di Riau

Riau is a province that is actively regional development. The development aims to create a society that is advanced and independent Riau. The conditions need support from the banks, particularly in terms of lending. The purpose of this study was to determine lending rates and gross domestic regional product of the loan portfolio of commercial banks in Riau. The results showed that mortgage interest rates and gross domestic regional product significantly influence the commercial bank lending in Riau. Partially, variable lending rates both working capital loans, investment loans, and consumer loans, has a negative and not significant effect on total loans in Riau. While gross domestic regional product variable has a positive and significant impact on working capital loans, investment credit and consumer loans,. Simultaneously, the variable mortgage interest rates and gross domestic regional product has a significant effect on bank lending of commercial banks in Riau