Prognostičko značenje tumorskog biljega CA 15-3 u bolesnica s rakom dojke

The research objectives was to establish pre-operative values of the tumor marker CA 15-3 in serum and to establish onnection between serum level of the tumor marker CA 15-3 in patients with breast cancer with other prognostic factors for breast cancer (age, tumor size, lymph node status, histological grading, hormone receptor status). In this work, a retrospective study in 100 breast cancer patients who started their medical treatment in year 2007. on Department of Surgical Oncology, University Hospital for Tumors, Sestre milosrdnice Clinical Hospital Center, has been made. The concentration of tumor marker CA 15-3 was measured in serum by immunochemical method. When breast cancer was diagnosed, 11 patients had elevated tumor marker CA 15-3, while 89 patients had CA 15-3 within the normal range (values ≤28 kUI/L were considered within the reference range and values >28 kUI/L were considered elevated). Patients who developed metastases had signifi cantly higher values of pre-operative tumor marker CA 15-3 and that patients died from the same disease (mean, CA 15-3=30.67 kUI/L) . High levels of CA 15-3 had patients with positive lymph nodes (status N3, mean CA 15-3=52,78). Results from this research shown that correlation between pre-operativne value tumor marker CA 15-3 with age, ER expression, HER2 status and histologic grade were not found. Elevated value of tumor marker CA 15-3 is at the time of diagnosis unfavorable prognostic factor, connected with other unfavorable prognostic factors. Justifi cation of this study was confi rmed by the value of preoperative tumor marker CA 15-3 in breast cancer patients and after determining its connection with other prognostic factors CA 15-3 indicates that is safer to extract subgroup of breast cancer patients in which metastases can be expected. As such, CA 15-3 can early focus on access to treatment by aggressive protocol.Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi predoperativne razine tumorskog biljega CA 15-3 u serumu te ustanoviti povezanost razine tumorskog biljega CA 15-3 kod bolesnica s rakom dojke s ishodom liječenja, te s drugim prognostičkim čimbenicima za rak dojke (dob, veličina tumora, status limfnih čvorova, histološki i hormonski status tumora). U ovom se radu izradila retrospektivna studija na uzorku od 100 bolesnica koje su započele liječenje zloćudnog tumora dojke na Zavodu za onkološku kirurgiju, Klinike za tumore, KBC Sestre milosrdnice tijekom 2007. godine. Koncentracija tumorskog biljega CA 15-3 mjerena je u serumu imunokemijskom metodom. U trenutku dijagnoze karcinoma dojke, 11 bolesnica imalo je povišen tumorski marker CA 15-3, dok je 89 bolesnica imalo vrijednosti CA 15-3 unutar granica normale (gdje su vrijednosti ≤28 kUI/L smatrane u granicama referentnih vrijednosti a vrijednosti >28 kUI/L povišene). Bolesnice koje su razvile metastaze imale su značajno veće predoperativne vrijednosti tumorskog biljega CA 15-3 te su iste imale i smrtni ishod liječenja (srednja vrijednost, CA 15-3=30.67 kUI/L ). Veće vrijednosti CA 15-3 imale su i bolesnice s zahvaćenim limfnim čvorovima (status N3, srednja vrijednost CA 15-3=52,78 ). Povezanost predoperativne razine tumorskog biljega CA 15-3 s dobi, statusom estrogenskih receptora, HER2 receptorom i histološkim gradusom nije nađena. Povišena vrijednost tumorskog biljega CA 15-3 je u trenutku dijagnoze nepovoljan prognostički pokazatelj, povezan s drugim nepovoljnim prognostičkim pokazateljima. Ovo istraživanje je potvrdilo opravdanost određivanja predoperativne razine tumorskog biljega CA 15-3 kod bolesnica oboljelih od raka dojke jer je nakon određivanja njegove povezanosti s ostalim prognostičkim pokazateljima ukazalo da taj tumorski biljeg sigurnije izdvaja podgrupu bolesnica kod kojih se može očekivati pojava udaljenih metastaza. Kao takav, CA 15-3 može rano usmjeriti na pristup liječenja prema agresivnijem protokolu

MT-GenEval: A Counterfactual and Contextual Dataset for Evaluating Gender Accuracy in Machine Translation

As generic machine translation (MT) quality has improved, the need for targeted benchmarks that explore fine-grained aspects of quality has increased. In particular, gender accuracy in translation can have implications in terms of output fluency, translation accuracy, and ethics. In this paper, we introduce MT-GenEval, a benchmark for evaluating gender accuracy in translation from English into eight widely-spoken languages. MT-GenEval complements existing benchmarks by providing realistic, gender-balanced, counterfactual data in eight language pairs where the gender of individuals is unambiguous in the input segment, including multi-sentence segments requiring inter-sentential gender agreement. Our data and code is publicly available under a CC BY SA 3.0 license.Comment: Accepted at EMNLP 2022. Data and code: https://github.com/amazon-research/machine-translation-gender-eva

Direct versus indirect detection in mSUGRA with self-consistent halo models

We perform a detailed analysis of the detection prospects of neutralino dark matter in the mSUGRA framework. We focus on models with a thermal relic density, estimated with high accuracy using the DarkSUSY package, in the range favored by current precision cosmological measurements. Direct and indirect detection rates are computed implementing two models for the dark matter halo, tracing opposite regimes for the phase of baryon infall, with fully consistent density profiles and velocity distribution functions. This has allowed, for the first time, a fully consistent comparison between direct and indirect detection prospects. We discuss all relevant regimes in the mSUGRA parameter space, underlining relevant effects, and providing the basis for extending the discussion to alternative frameworks. In general, we find that direct detection and searches for antideuterons in the cosmic rays seems to be the most promising ways to search for neutralinos in these scenarios.Comment: 26 pages, 9 figure

Do Agricultural Advisory Services in Europe have the Capacity to Support the Transition to Healthy Soils?

The need to provide appropriate information, technical advice and facilitation to support farmers in transitioning towards healthy soils is increasingly clear, and the role of the Agricultural Advisory Services (AAS) in this is critical. However, the transformation of AAS (plurality, commercialisation, fragmentation, decentralisation) brings new challenges for delivering advice to support soil health management. This paper asks: To what extent do agricultural advisory services have the capacity to support the transition to healthy soils across Europe? Using the ‘best fit’ framework, analytical characteristics of the AAS relevant to the research question (governance structures, management, organisational and individual capacities) were identified. Analysis of 18 semi-structured expert interviews across 6 case study countries in Europe, selected to represent a range of contexts, was undertaken. Capacities to provide soil health management (SHM) advice are constrained by funding arrangements, limited adviser training and professional development, adviser motivations and professional cultures, all determined by institutional conditions. This has resulted in a narrowing down of access and content of soil advice and a reduced capacity to support the transition in farming to healthy soils. The extent to which emerging policy and market drivers incentivise enhanced capacities in AAS is an important area for future research

Narcolepsy risk loci outline role of T cell autoimmunity and infectious triggers in narcolepsy

Narcolepsy has genetic and environmental risk factors, but the specific genetic risk loci and interaction with environmental triggers are not well understood. Here, the authors identify genetic loci for narcolepsy, suggesting infection as a trigger and dendritic and helper T cell involvement. Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is caused by a loss of hypocretin/orexin transmission. Risk factors include pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza A infection and immunization with Pandemrix (R). Here, we dissect disease mechanisms and interactions with environmental triggers in a multi-ethnic sample of 6,073 cases and 84,856 controls. We fine-mapped GWAS signals within HLA (DQ0602, DQB1*03:01 and DPB1*04:02) and discovered seven novel associations (CD207, NAB1, IKZF4-ERBB3, CTSC, DENND1B, SIRPG, PRF1). Significant signals at TRA and DQB1*06:02 loci were found in 245 vaccination-related cases, who also shared polygenic risk. T cell receptor associations in NT1 modulated TRAJ*24, TRAJ*28 and TRBV*4-2 chain-usage. Partitioned heritability and immune cell enrichment analyses found genetic signals to be driven by dendritic and helper T cells. Lastly comorbidity analysis using data from FinnGen, suggests shared effects between NT1 and other autoimmune diseases. NT1 genetic variants shape autoimmunity and response to environmental triggers, including influenza A infection and immunization with Pandemrix (R)

Institutional distance and knowledge acquisition in international buyer–supplier relationships::the moderating role of trust

Institutional distance can generate expanded opportunities for multinational firms to facilitate learning and responsiveness. However, such distance can also create obstacles regarding knowledge transfer and integration. A theoretical puzzle concerns the mechanisms and conditions in which international buyers and suppliers can overcome institutional distance and acquire new knowledge. We develop an integrative moderated-mediation model in which institutional distance prevents parties from accessing knowledge but, when knowledge is obtained and mutual trust is developed, it promotes cross-border knowledge acquisition in international buyer-supplier exchange, particularly between international firms and firms from the Asia Pacific region. These findings indicate that firms can overcome the challenges of regulative and cognitive distance and facilitate access to knowledge and knowledge acquisition when they are able to develop and cultivate relationships of mutual trust with foreign partners. While normative distance may create learning incentives and opportunities in international buyer-supplier relationships, its impacts on knowledge accessibility and acquisition are insignificant.fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed