On the protection of the isolation at the fabrication of all niobium josepshson-junctions

The protection mechanism of thin gold layer for preparation of all-niobium devices is discussed. A suggestion on the electronic origin of protection is presented

Development of a Smart Monitoring and Evaluation Framework for Hybrid Renewable Mini-grids

Hybrid renewable mini-grids have emerged as a viable solution for providing reliable, environmentally friendly electricity to remote communities. An affordable and grid-quality supply of energy can open new possibilities for socioeconomic progress. As part of a joint project between South Africa’s Eastern Cape province and Germany’s state of Lower Saxony a Photovoltaic (PV) hybrid mini-grid is developed in the municipality of Upper Blinkwater in Eastern Cape for a rural community of 70 households with 90 percent living off of social grants and no access to the main national grid. The aim of this work is to develop a smart Monitoring and Evaluation Framework (MEF) for hybrid renewable mini-grids by integrating cutting-edge technologies in a scalable platform of replicable solutions towards connecting the mini-grid with diverse stakeholders with enhanced observability of both generation and consumption profiles. The MEF provides the opportunity to streamline the flow of real-time energy data (generation, consumption, and storage) from the system to generate accurate and high-resolution data-driven load profiles for rural households. Simultaneously, the interrelation between energy access and social development will be studied and analyzed

Topologically associating domain boundaries are required for normal genome function

Topologically associating domain (TAD) boundaries partition the genome into distinct regulatory territories. Anecdotal evidence suggests that their disruption may interfere with normal gene expression and cause disease phenotypes1,2,3, but the overall extent to which this occurs remains unknown. Here we demonstrate that targeted deletions of TAD boundaries cause a range of disruptions to normal in vivo genome function and organismal development. We used CRISPR genome editing in mice to individually delete eight TAD boundaries (11–80 kb in size) from the genome. All deletions examined resulted in detectable molecular or organismal phenotypes, which included altered chromatin interactions or gene expression, reduced viability, and anatomical phenotypes. We observed changes in local 3D chromatin architecture in 7 of 8 (88%) cases, including the merging of TADs and altered contact frequencies within TADs adjacent to the deleted boundary. For 5 of 8 (63%) loci examined, boundary deletions were associated with increased embryonic lethality or other developmental phenotypes. For example, a TAD boundary deletion near Smad3/Smad6 caused complete embryonic lethality, while a deletion near Tbx5/Lhx5 resulted in a severe lung malformation. Our findings demonstrate the importance of TAD boundary sequences for in vivo genome function and reinforce the critical need to carefully consider the potential pathogenicity of noncoding deletions affecting TAD boundaries in clinical genetics screening.This work was supported by U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants to L.A.P. and A.V. (UM1HG009421). Research was conducted at the E.O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and performed under U.S. Department of Energy Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231, University of California (UC). Phenotyping performed by the UC Davis Mouse Biology Program (MBP) (www.mousebiology.org) was funded by an NIH administrative supplement to the KOMP2 grant, 3UM1OD023221-07S1, for phenotyping non-coding elements. Adyam Akeza was supported by the NIH Bridges to Baccalaureate Program Grant R25GM095401 via UC Berkeley. J.L.-R. is supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (PID2020-113497GB-I00).Peer reviewe

Zur Frage von der Ermüdung der Nervenzentren

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20. Structures tunnel dopées par implantation d'ions

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