The Legal Academy\u27s Ideological Uniformity

We study the ideological balance of the legal academy and compare it with the ideology of the legal profession more broadly. To do so, we match professors listed in the Association of American Law Schools’ Directory of Law Teachers and lawyers listed in the Martindale-Hubbell directory to a measure of political ideology based on political donations. We find that 15 percent of law professors, compared with 35 percent of lawyers, are conservative. This may not simply be due to differences in their backgrounds: the legal academy is still 11 percentage points more liberal than the legal profession after controlling for several relevant individual characteristics. We argue that law professors’ ideological uniformity marginalizes them but that it may not be possible to improve the ideological balance of the legal academy without sacrificing other values

Identifying Strategies and Metrics for Measuring Success and Long-Term Impact in Downtown Lewiston\u27s Tree Streets Neighborhood

Our report provides a detailed explanation of our processes to determine metrics for measuring long-term and short-term success in Lewiston’s Maine, downtown Tree Street Neighborhood. The aim of our work was to assist The City of Lewiston and their efforts to secure the Housing and Urban Developments (HUD), Choice Neighborhood Implementation Grant. We worked closely with Lewiston’s Healthy Neighborhood Development Team, whose focus is targeted to the Neighborhood component of the Implementation Grant. Using the four strategies given to us by the Healthy Neighborhood Development Team, our work focused on establishing metrics to support these strategies. Our approach to developing metrics was heavily influenced by the Goals of Lewiston’s “Growing Our Tree Streets” Transformation Plan to represent the Tree Streets Neighborhood positively and accurately. We specifically foregrounded our approach to metrics in an asset-based mindset to align ourselves with the Healthy Neighborhoods Development Team and the Transformation Plan while remaining cognizant of HUD’s requirements for metrics. We identified 24 metrics that support the four strategies while also supporting the larger Goals from the Transformation Plan. Our established metrics indicate success across six Goals of the Transformation Plan and while dually supporting the four strategies. Of the 24 metrics, 14 specifically satisfied HUD requirements. All metrics are accompanied by information to support the location and collection of data

Structure of a translocation signal domain mediating conjugative transfer by Type IV secretion systems

Relaxases are proteins responsible for the transfer of plasmid and chromosomal DNA from one bacterium to another during conjugation. They covalently react with a specific phosphodiester bond within DNA origin of transfer sequences, forming a nucleo-protein complex which is subsequently recruited for transport by a plasmid-encoded type IV secretion system. In previous work we identified the targeting translocation signals presented by the conjugative relaxase TraI of plasmid R1. Here we report the structure of TraI translocation signal TSA. In contrast to known translocation signals we show that TSA is an independent folding unit and thus forms a bona fide structural domain. This domain can be further divided into three sub-domains with striking structural homology with helicase sub-domains of the SF1B family. We also show that TSA is part of a larger vestigial helicase domain which has lost its helicase activity but not its single-stranded DNA binding capability. Finally, we further delineate the binding site responsible for translocation activity of TSA by targeting single residues for mutations. Overall, this study provides the first evidence that translocation signals can be part of larger structural scaffolds, overlapping with translocation-independent activities

A Faculty Development Workshop for High-Value Care Education Across Clinical Settings.

IntroductionDespite rising health care costs, trainees frequently do not receive formal high-value care (HVC) training. As medical education often occurs through informal learning, it is imperative that medical educators be prepared to teach HVC concepts across clinical settings.MethodsThis workshop was created to provide frameworks for teaching HVC across four pediatric educational settings: (1) case-based conferences, (2) inpatient rounding, (3) ambulatory visits, and (4) conversations with patients and families. Frameworks were developed based on literature review, content experts' knowledge, and internal assessment and feedback. The workshop was divided into two sections: a didactic overview of HVC education and interactive small-group sessions to practice application of the Toolkit for Teaching High-Value Care. At the end of the workshop, participants completed the Prescription for High-Value Care to create a personal action plan.ResultsThis workshop has been presented at both national and local pediatric conferences. From over 89 evaluations (83% response rate), participants felt the workshop met objectives, served as a valuable use of their time, and provided useful resources. Evaluations elicited specific actions that participants gleaned from workshop content along with proposed behavior changes, such as creating HVC case-based conferences at their home institution and initiating more value-based discussions.DiscussionThis workshop has been successfully presented in both national and local settings and has been well received by participants. The workshop is targeted for clinical educators and aims to address the gap in faculty development for HVC education

The Endgame of Court-Packing

At several points in history, politicians and commentators have proposed adding seats to the Supreme Court to accomplish partisan ends. We explore the incentives for a political party to initiate “court-packing” and what the Supreme Court would look like in a world where political parties engage in repeated partisan court- packing. To do so, we use an Agent-Based Model and different data sources to calibrate the behaviors of Presidents, Congresses, and Supreme Court justices. We then simulate the future composition of the Court in worlds with and without court-packing. The simulations suggest that a political party with an initial minority of seats on the Court would meaningfully increase the share of years it controls the Court if it were to initiate a cycle of repeated court-packing, especially early on. However, although the number of seats would likely quadruple within 100 years, the simulations suggest there would be only a modest expansion during the likely time horizons of politicians who initiate court-packing. By putting structure on what the Supreme Court would look like in a world with and without court- packing, we hope to generate more careful reflection on the incentives to court- pack and the potential consequences of it

Karakteristik Minyak Ikan Manyung (Arius sp.) dengan Metode Dry Rendering

Manyung fish (Arius sp.) is a demersal species that lives in sea and estuary waters. In Tarakan City, North Kalimantan, the meat of Manyung fish is widely consumed by the society, but the liver is discarded. One of the efforts to utilize manyung fish liver, so it does not become waste was prepare it into fish oil products. The aims of this study were to determine the yield of manyung fish (Arius sp.) liver oil, test its chemical characteristics, such as free fatty acid value (FFA), peroxide value (PV), and fatty acid profile. The method used for producing manyung fish (Arius sp.) liver oil is extraction by dry rendering at 80°C for 2 hours. The data obtained from the results of the research were then processed in a quantitative descriptive manner. The results showed that the fat content of manyung fish liver was 3.60%. The yield of manyung  fish (Arius sp.) was 14.25%. The free fatty acid values (FFA) were  14.60%. The peroxide value was 3.46 mEq/kg. The fatty acid profile of mayung fish liver oil (Arius sp.) in dry rendering, the content of SFA was 0.0344%, MUFA was 0.022%, and PUFA was  0.184%. The conclusion of this research is manyung fish liver can be produced into fish oil

IMPROVING THE CAPABILITY OF CONTAINER AND CHICKEN SLAUGHTERHOUSE BUSINESS IN MANAGING SUSTAINABLE WASTE RETENTION TIME

The Indonesian chicken industry is a key sector for the national economy, supplying 65% of all animal protein and employing 10% of the national labor. With the increasing business competition, it is necessary to increase the capability in managing the waste retention time generated. This study focuses on increasing the capability of the chicken slaughterhouse to manage the retention time of waste. The method used is the Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) analysis to calculate The Capability of Container and Chicken Slaughtered Business in Managing Waste Retention Time. This prospective analysis is carried out to analyse the degree of strength and dependency relationships by giving a score of the level of direct or indirect influence between elements of leverage that have been generated from MDS analysis. Prospective analysis results in the form of key factorsthat form the basis of change scenario that can be achieved. The results can be concluded that the determinants factor of the Improving the Capability of Container and Slaughtered Chicken Business in managing sustainable waste retention time are: (i) Methods and ways of utilizing technology Wastewater Treatment Plant, (ii) Local Government Arrangements, (iii) Waste quantity and quality, and (iv) Financial Management

The Effects of Visual Search Efficiency on Object-Based Attention

The attentional prioritization hypothesis of object-based attention (Shomstein & Yantis in Perception & Psychophysics, 64, 41–51, 2002) suggests a two-stage selection process comprising an automatic spatial gradient and flexible strategic (prioritization) selection. The combined attentional priorities of these two stages of object-based selection determine the order in which participants will search the display for the presence of a target. The strategic process has often been likened to a prioritized visual search. By modifying the double-rectangle cueing paradigm (Egly, Driver, & Rafal in Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 123, 161–177, 1994) and placing it in the context of a larger-scale visual search, we examined how the prioritization search is affected by search efficiency. By probing both targets located on the cued object and targets external to the cued object, we found that the attentional priority surrounding a selected object is strongly modulated by search mode. However, the ordering of the prioritization search is unaffected by search mode. The data also provide evidence that standard spatial visual search and object-based prioritization search may rely on distinct mechanisms. These results provide insight into the interactions between the mode of visual search and object-based selection, and help define the modulatory consequences of search efficiency for object-based attention