Does Industrialization = "Development"? The Effects of Industrialization on School Enrollment and Youth Employment in Indonesia

This study examines the relationship between rising manufacturing employment and school enrollment in Indonesia from 1985 to 1995, a time of rapid industrialization. In comparison with cross- national studies, this study has a larger sample size of regions, defines data more consistently, and conducts better checks for causality and specification. Overall, enrollment is slightly higher and youth labor force participation slightly lower in regions with more manufacturing. The causal links between manufacturing and enrollments remain unclear. At the household level, employment of adult females in manufacturing is associated with lower enrollment, higher labor force participation, and more household responsibilities for female youth.

Industrialization and Infant Mortality

On average, infant mortality rates are lower in more industrialized nations, yet health and mortality worsened during early industrialization in some nations. This study examines the effects of growing manufacturing employment on infant mortality across 274 Indonesian districts from 1985 to 1995, a time of rapid industrialization. Compared with cross-national studies we have a larger sample size of regions, more consistent data definitions, and better checks for causality and specification. We can also explore the causal mechanisms underlying our correlations. Overall the results suggest manufacturing employment raised living standards, housing quality, and reduced cooking with wood and coal, which helped reduce infant mortality. At the same time, pollution from factories appears quite harmful to infants. The overall effect was slightly higher infant mortality in regions that experienced greater industrialization.Industrialization, infant mortality, Indonesia, pollution, indoor air pollution

Diverse Backgrounds and Policing

In recent years, high-profile cases of police violence have garnered national debate around the future of policing and how it will address racial/ethnic bias. Current police recruiting campaigns target diversity, hiring racially and ethnically diverse officers, as a solution to the ongoing tensions between officers and the ethnically/racially diverse communities they serve. Consequently, bias is present in all Americans, as race has culturally constructed American society. This research questions the reliability of an officer\u27s racial/ethnic status as catalysts of change for biases present in police organizations and police practices. More so, this research prompts using diverse experiences from childhood and adolescence as markers of possible implicit bias and internalized prejudice. Police officers from a southeastern city are assessed on their exposure to diversity as children/adolescents. Officers are also assessed using the Harvard Race Implicit Association Test (IAT), which evaluates their levels of implicit racial bias. The Exposure to Diversity Scale (EDS) is constructed to identify diverse experiences throughout childhood and adolescence (primary socialization) that may influence an individual\u27s internalization of prejudice and impact their implicit bias scores. The relationship between the EDS and Harvard\u27s Race Implicit Association Test (IAT) is investigated using bivariate analysis. In conclusion, officers with more diverse experiences tended to have lower levels of implicit racial bias. Experiences with Black police officers, Black businessmen and women, and Black community leaders were negatively significant with IAT scores

EKSPRESI KEBAHASAAN PEREMPUAN KLOPO DUWUR TERHADAP PERANNYA DALAM KELUARGA DAN MASYARAKAT (SEBUAH ANALISIS BAHASA DAN JENDER)

In Indonesia, research on gender issues is rather challenging as it is still assumed as the way people contrasting male-female and so far people believe in what happened in society is the best way to do. Besides, gender perspective for Indonesian tends to be something unusual and situated as an academic business only. Therefore, this research was established in order to give an illustration about gender especially women‘s role and position in their family and society which can be seen through their language expression, such as disagreement, happiness, disappointment, etc. This research categorized as a qualitative descriptive where researcher described the real situation after participatory observations completed by in-depth interview, recording and documentation. Utterances, as the data of this research, are taken from of five housewives in a village called Klopo Duwur, Blora. The data then analyzed based on referent identity analysis correlated with the theory of personal attitude and language and gender. The result showed that their language expressions were influenced by factor of education, economic, age, and level of belief. Respondents understood their position in their family and community, but they just follow the established social construction

Why name generators with a fixed number of alters may be a pragmatic option for personal network analysis

Social network analysis (SNA) has grown exponentially in recent years, giving rise to methodological innovations in different scientific disciplines. In psychology, SNA has been incorporated into studies of individual personality differences and has generated novel areas, such as network psychometrics and network interventions. In community psychology, a recent review examined the use of network analysis in American Journal of Community Psychology publications (Neal & Neal, American Journal of Community Psychology , 2017, 60, 279). Based on their study, the authors advise researchers to avoid using the fixed-choice name generator when possible, as one of the five methodological recommendations proposed. In this essay, I explain how the recent increase of name generators with a fixed number of alters when studying personal networks is originally linked to an interest in describing structural properties. Second, I analyze the pragmatic contributions of this method: establishing a limit of alters a priori can entail advantages in terms of standardization and comparability of personal networks. Finally, to contextualize the methodological debate, I argue that personal networks represent the diversity of contexts in which the individual participates and are naturally integrated into community surveys

Determinan Pendapatan Pekerja Wanita Sektor Informal di Desa Baturiti Kabupaten Tabanan

Tabanan Baturiti village, one of the largest villages in the district population Baturiti. Women in the village helped men to work, especially in the informal sector (agriculture, trade and craftsmen) The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of income informal sector women workers, as well as the influence of age, education, working capital and time allocation simultaneously and partially on the income of women workers in the informal sector Baturiti village. In this study were taken 90 respondents, the extraction is carried out by quota sampling. Further analysis of data using multiple linear regression analysis technique. The variables of age, education, working capital, and allocation waktudapat explain 95.9 percent change in income. Among the four independent variables, it appeared that the working capital has the most dominant influence on female labor income variable. Based on these findings it can be suggested that in order to increase the income of women workers, the working capital loans that are distributed to women workers