1,963 research outputs found
A study of general practitioners' perspectives on electronic medical records systems in NHS Scotland
<b>Background</b> Primary care doctors in NHSScotland have been using electronic medical records within their practices routinely for many years. The Scottish Health Executive eHealth strategy (2008-2011) has recently brought radical changes to the primary care computing landscape in Scotland: an information system (GPASS) which was provided free-of-charge by NHSScotland to a majority of GP practices has now been replaced by systems provided by two approved commercial providers. The transition to new electronic medical records had to be completed nationally across all health-boards by March 2012. <p></p><b>
Methods</b> We carried out 25 in-depth semi-structured interviews with primary care doctors to elucidate GPs' perspectives on their practice information systems and collect more general information on management processes in the patient surgical pathway in NHSScotland. We undertook a thematic analysis of interviewees' responses, using Normalisation Process Theory as the underpinning conceptual framework. <p></p>
<b>Results</b> The majority of GPs' interviewed considered that electronic medical records are an integral and essential element of their work during the consultation, playing a key role in facilitating integrated and continuity of care for patients and making clinical information more accessible. However, GPs expressed a number of reservations about various system functionalities - for example: in relation to usability, system navigation and information visualisation.
<b>Conclusion </b>Our study highlights that while electronic information systems are perceived as having important benefits, there remains substantial scope to improve GPs' interaction and overall satisfaction with these systems. Iterative user-centred improvements combined with additional training in the use of technology would promote an increased understanding, familiarity and command of the range of functionalities of electronic medical records among primary care doctors
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Water adsorption on the P-rich GaP(100) surface: Optical spectroscopy from first principles
The contact of water with semiconductors typically changes its surface
electronic structure by oxidation or corrosion processes. A detailed knowledge
- or even control of - the surface structure is highly desirable, as it impacts
the performance of opto-electronic devices from gas-sensing to energy
conversion applications. It is also a prerequisite for density functional
theory-based modelling of the electronic structure in contact with an
electrolyte. The P-rich GaP(100) surface is extraordinary with respect to its
contact with gas-phase water, as it undergoes a surface reordering, but does
not oxidise. We investigate the underlying changes of the surface in contact
with water by means of theoretically derived reflection anisotropy spectroscopy
(RAS). A comparison of our results with experiment reveals that a water-induced
hydrogen-rich phase on the surface is compatible with the boundary conditions
from experiment, reproducing the optical spectra. We discuss potential reaction
paths that comprise a water-enhanced hydrogen mobility on the surface. Our
results also show that computational RAS - required for the interpretation of
experimental signatures - is feasible for GaP in contact with water double
layers. Here, RAS is sensitive to surface electric fields, which are an
important ingredient of the Helmholtz-layer. This paves the way for future
investigations of RAS at the semiconductor-electrolyte interface
Rethinking the patient: using Burden of Treatment Theory to understand the changing dynamics of illness
<b>Background</b> In this article we outline Burden of Treatment Theory, a new model of the relationship between sick people, their social networks, and healthcare services. Health services face the challenge of growing populations with long-term and life-limiting conditions, they have responded to this by delegating to sick people and their networks routine work aimed at managing symptoms, and at retarding - and sometimes preventing - disease progression. This is the new proactive work of patient-hood for which patients are increasingly accountable: founded on ideas about self-care, self-empowerment, and self-actualization, and on new technologies and treatment modalities which can be shifted from the clinic into the community. These place new demands on sick people, which they may experience as burdens of treatment.<p></p>
<b>Discussion</b> As the burdens accumulate some patients are overwhelmed, and the consequences are likely to be poor healthcare outcomes for individual patients, increasing strain on caregivers, and rising demand and costs of healthcare services. In the face of these challenges we need to better understand the resources that patients draw upon as they respond to the demands of both burdens of illness and burdens of treatment, and the ways that resources interact with healthcare utilization.<p></p>
<b>Summary</b> Burden of Treatment Theory is oriented to understanding how capacity for action interacts with the work that stems from healthcare. Burden of Treatment Theory is a structural model that focuses on the work that patients and their networks do. It thus helps us understand variations in healthcare utilization and adherence in different healthcare settings and clinical contexts
Monolithic Photoelectrochemical Device for Direct Water Splitting with 19% Efficiency
Recent rapid progress in efficiencies for solar water splitting by
photoelectrochemical devices has enhanced its prospects to enable storable
renewable energy. Efficient solar fuel generators all use tandem photoelectrode
structures, and advanced integrated devices incorporate corrosion protection
layers as well as heterogeneous catalysts. Realization of near thermodynamic
limiting performance requires tailoring the energy band structure of the
photoelectrode and also the optical and electronic properties of the surface
layers exposed to the electrolyte. Here, we report a monolithic device
architecture that exhibits reduced surface reflectivity in conjunction with
metallic Rh nanoparticle catalyst layers that minimize parasitic light
absorption. Additionally, the anatase TiO2 protection layer on the photocathode
creates a favorable internal band alignment for hydrogen evolution. An initial
solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of 19.3 % is obtained in acidic electrolyte and an
efficiency of 18.5 % is achieved at neutral pH condition (under simulated
sunlight)
Missense Mutation R338W in ARHGEF9 in a Family with X-linked Intellectual Disability with Variable Macrocephaly and Macro-Orchidism
Non-syndromal X-linked intellectual disability (NS-XLID) represents a broad group of clinical disorders in which ID is the only clinically consistent manifestation. Although in many cases either chromosomal linkage data or knowledge of the >100 existing XLID genes has assisted mutation discovery, the underlying cause of disease remains unresolved in many families. We report the resolution of a large family (K8010) with NS-XLID, with variable macrocephaly and macro-orchidism. Although a previous linkage study had mapped the locus to Xq12-q21, this region contained too many candidate genes to be analyzed using conventional approaches. However, X-chromosome exome sequencing, bioinformatics analysis and segregation analysis revealed a novel missense mutation (c.1012C>T; p.R338W) in ARHGEF9. This gene encodes collybistin (CB), a neuronal GDP-GTP exchange factor previously implicated in several cases of XLID, as well as clustering of gephyrin and GABAA receptors at inhibitory synapses. Molecular modeling of the CB R338W substitution revealed that this change results in the substitution of a long electropositive side-chain with a large non-charged hydrophobic side-chain. The R338W change is predicted to result in clashes with adjacent amino acids (K363 and N335) and disruption of electrostatic potential and local folding of the PH domain, which is known to bind phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI3P/PtdIns-3-P). Consistent with this finding, functional assays revealed that recombinant CB CB2SH3- (R338W) was deficient in PI3P binding and was not able to translocate EGFP-gephyrin to submembrane microaggregates in an in vitro clustering assay. Taken together, these results suggest that the R338W mutation in ARHGEF9 is the underlying cause of NS-XLID in this family
PEMBUATAN BUKU PANDUAN PEMOTRETAN WISATA ALAM DI BANDUNG RAYA. MAY NUROHMAN S UPRIADI NIM : 076020031
Kata Kunci : Wisata Alam, dan Buku Panduan
Buku
panduan
pemotretan
dimaksudkan
untuk
lebih
mempermudah
para
wisatawan dan
fotografer
terutama yang dari
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ota Bandung untuk
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lokasi
pemotretan
tetapi
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tentang
waktu
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.
Pentingnya
sebuah
buku
panduan
pemotretan
untuk
lebih
mempermudah
wisatawan dan
fotografer
bi
sa
menentukan
kapan, dimana, keman
a
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serta
apa yang akan
jadi
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pemotretan. Buku
panduan
bisa
sebagai data awal
serta
menjadi
acuan
untuk
seorang
fotografer
ketika
mau
melakukan
pemotretan
di daerah Bandung dan
sekitarnya
Metacognitions about desire thinking predict the severity of binge eating in a sample of Italian women
In this study, our principal aim was to investigate whether metacognitions about desire thinking predict the severity of binge eating in women and, if so, whether this relationship is independent of age, self-reported body mass index (BMI), negative affect, irrational food beliefs and craving. One hundred and four women, consisting of 32 consecutive patients with binge eating disorder undergoing initial assessment for cognitive therapy for eating disorders, 39 moderate binge eaters, and 33 non-binge eaters (both from the general population), completed the following measures: Self-reported BMI, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Irrational Food Beliefs Scale, General Craving Scale, Metacognitions about Desire Thinking Questionnaire, and Binge Eating Scale. A series of Spearman's rho correlation analyses revealed that self-reported BMI, anxiety, depression, irrational food beliefs, craving, and all three factors of the metacognitions about desire thinking questionnaire were significantly associated with the severity of binge eating. A stepwise regression analysis identified self-reported BMI, craving, and negative metacognitions about desire thinking as significant predictors of the severity of binge eating. These results, taken together, highlight the possible role of metacognitions about desire thinking in predicting the severity of binge eating. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed
Giant Anharmonic Phonon Scattering in PbTe
Understanding the microscopic processes affecting the bulk thermal
conductivity is crucial to develop more efficient thermoelectric materials.
PbTe is currently one of the leading thermoelectric materials, largely thanks
to its low thermal conductivity. However, the origin of this low thermal
conductivity in a simple rocksalt structure has so far been elusive. Using a
combination of inelastic neutron scattering measurements and first-principles
computations of the phonons, we identify a strong anharmonic coupling between
the ferroelectric transverse optic (TO) mode and the longitudinal acoustic (LA)
modes in PbTe. This interaction extends over a large portion of reciprocal
space, and directly affects the heat-carrying LA phonons. The LA-TO anharmonic
coupling is likely to play a central role in explaining the low thermal
conductivity of PbTe. The present results provide a microscopic picture of why
many good thermoelectric materials are found near a lattice instability of the
ferroelectric type
On the benchmarking of multi-junction photoelectrochemical fuel generating devices
We discuss benchmarking considerations for multi-junction solar fuel absorbers and investigate the effects of spectral shaping by catalyst nanoparticles on design criteria.MMM acknowledges funding from the fellowship programme of the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina, grant LPDS 2015-09
Evaluation of adjunctive HPV testing by Hybrid Capture II(® )in women with minor cytological abnormalities for the diagnosis of CIN2/3 and cost comparison with colposcopy
BACKGROUND: As a proportion of high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2/3) are associated with equivocal cervical smears, which show borderline or mild dyskaryosis, follow up with repeat smears, colposcopy and biopsy is required. Since infection with oncogenic Human Papilloma Virus (HR HPV) has been found to be associated with the development of cervical cancer, HRHPV testing appears to be an alternative. OBJECTIVE: The present study assesses if HRHPV testing can predict CIN2/3 in women referred for mild dyskaryosis and borderline cytological changes in an health authority with a referral policy to colposcopy after one single mild dyskaryotic Pap smear. STUDY DESIGN: The HPV DNA Hybrid Capture II (Digene/Abbott, Maidenhead) was evaluated on 110 consenting women with mild dyskaryosis and 23 women with persistent borderline changes, who were referred for colposcopy between May and November 2001. A cost comparison between two referral policies was performed. RESULTS: CIN2/3 was diagnosed histologically in 30 of 133 women (22%) with minor cytological abnormalities. As the Receiver Operator Characteristics plot suggested a cut-off of 3 pg/ml the HRHPV HCII was evaluated at 3 RLU (relative light units) and at the manufacturer's recommendation of 1 RLU. At both cut-offs sensitivity and negative predictive value were high at 97%. Specificity was low at 37% at a cut-off of 1 pg/ml and 46% at a cut-off of 3 RLU. To remain cost neutral in comparison to immediate colposcopy the costs for one HR HPV HC II must not exceed £34.37 per test at a cut off of 3 pg/ml. CONCLUSION: The negative likelihood ratio (NLR) was of good diagnostic value with 0.089 at 1 RLU and 0.072 at 3 RLU, which reduces the post-test probability for CIN2/3 to 2% in this population. Women with minor cytological disorders can be excluded from colposcopy on a negative HR HPV result. Specificity can be improved by restricting HR HPV testing to women with persistent borderline cytological changes or to women over 30 years
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