Cholangiocarcioma in a cat

A 7-year-old, intact female Domestic Shorthair cat was referred to University Veterinary Hospital (UVH), UPM for diagnostic workup of a hepatomegaly observed on abdominal radiographs. Physical examination revealed no significant findings except for a distended abdomen. Hematology and serum biochemistry findings included a regenerative anaemia, left shift neutrophilia and a 10-fold elevation in gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT). Abdominal ultrasound revealed heterechoic liver lobes with irregular margins and presence of nodular and cyst-like structures predominantly affecting the left lobes. A mild ascites was also noted. A fine needle aspiration of the liver was performed and cytology results confirmed a cholangiocarcinoma. Generally, the outcome for cholagiocarcinoma is poor and there is limited information regarding the prognosis for patients with cholangiocarcinoma following chemotherapy or surgery

Melioidosis: a localized osteomyelitis in a cat

Melioidosis is a zoonotic disease as a result of infection by Burkholderia pseudomallei. It is of significant public health concern due to its ubiquitous nature with high morbidity and mortality in humans and animals. In cats, the disease is usually reported with abscess formation in lung, liver and spleen, however, isolated articular melioidosis is rare. A 1-year-old, a female Domestic Shorthair cat was presented to University Veterinary Hospital, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UVH-UPM) with swollen right elbow and non weight bearing lameness of the right forelimb. Physical examination revealed pyrexia, soft tissue swelling and pain upon palpation of the right elbow joint. Radiographs of the right forelimb revealed osteolysis at the distal third of the humerus and proximal radius and ulna, cortical thinning at the olecranon and soft tissue swelling around the elbow joint. Bacterial culture of the joint fluid revealed positive growth for Burkholderia pseudomallei. Unfortunately, the owner opted to euthanise the cat citing personal reasons. Upon necropsy, there was presence of multiple caseous nodules within the right elbow joint cavity only and none of the other limbs, lung, spleen and liver was affected. It is important for veterinarian to be aware of septic arthritis and osteomyelitis form of melioidosis

A Methodology for Cell Merging Circuit Transformation on Post-placement High Speed Design

This paper proposes a localize circuit transformation algorithm to further optimize the post-placement netlist in order to improve the overall timing of a design. The proposed algorithm reduces the total cell delay and net delay of timing violation paths by replacing a small group of cells (form up by two to three cells) that are placed close to each other with a functional equivalent standard cell available in the technology library. The algorithm has been implemented and applied to a number of optimized postplacement netlists which have went through conventional post-placement circuit transformation optimization processes such as gate relocation, cell re-sizing, repeater insertion and cell replication. The experimental results show that on average, this algorithm is able to further improve the timing of the optimized post-placement netlist by 27.75%, while keeping the design area increase by 0.2%

Disease prevalence and clinicopathological changes in senior and geriatric cats presented to University Veterinary Hospital, Universiti Putra Malaysia

This retrospective study reports on the prevalence of disease, clinicopathological changes and diagnosis in senior and geriatric cats presented to University Veterinary Hospital (UVH), Universiti Putra Malaysia between 2009 and 2011. The age distribution of cats presented to UVH, level of preventive health care and cost of treatment per cat per annum were also determined. The majority of the feline patients were less than 3 years old. Senior and geriatric cats made up 1.4% of all cats in the study. Kidney disease, dental disease, neoplasia and feline upper respiratory tract disease were the most commonly reported disorders in senior and geriatric cats. Furthermore, blood lymphocytes count and albumin level were significantly lower in older cats compared to adult as a result of immuno-senescence and age-related physiological changes. Preventive care was poor for senior and geriatric cats, with only 9% presented for wellness examination. In general, cost of veterinary care was significantly lower for those that received preventive health care than those that did not. The results from this study can be used by veterinary practitioners to better understand, anticipate health problems of senior and geriatric cats and to encourage clients to subscribe to a semi-annual wellness programme for their older cats

Developing tools for learning oriented assessment of interactional competence: bridging theory and practice

In this paper we report on a project in which we developed tools to support the classroom assessment of learners’ interactional competence (IC) and provided learning oriented feedback in the context of preparation for a high-stakes face-to-face speaking test.  Six trained examiners provided stimulated verbal reports (n=72) on 12 paired interactions, focusing on interactional features of candidates’ performance. We thematically analyzed the verbal reports to inform a draft checklist and materials, which were then trialled by four experienced teachers. Informed by both data sources, the final product comprised (a) a detailed IC checklist with nine main categories and over 50 sub-categories, accompanying detailed description of each area and feedback to learners, which teachers can adapt to suit their teaching and testing contexts, and (b) a concise IC checklist with four categories and bite-sized feedback for real-time classroom assessment. IC, a key aspect of face-to-face communication, is under-researched and under-explored in second/foreign language teaching, learning, and assessment contexts. This in-depth treatment of it, therefore, stands to contribute to learning contexts through raising teachers’ and learners’ awareness of micro-level features of the construct, and to assessment contexts through developing a more comprehensive understanding of the construct

Early Vascular and Neuronal Changes in a VEGF Transgenic Mouse Model of Retinal Neovascularization

PURPOSE. To investigate early retinal changes in a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) transgenic mouse (tr029VEGF; rhodopsin promoter) with long-term damage that mimics nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and mild proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). METHODS. Rhodopsin and VEGF expression was assessed up to postnatal day (P)28. Vascular and retinal changes were charted at P7 and P28 using sections and wholemounts stained with hematoxylin and eosin or isolectin IB4 Griffonia simplicifolia Samples were examined using light, fluorescence, and confocal microscopy. RESULTS. Rhodopsin was detected at P5 and reached mature levels by P15; VEGF protein expression was transient, peaking at P10 to P15. In wild-type (wt) mice at P7, vessels had formed in the nerve fiber/retinal ganglion cell layer and showed a centroperipheral maturational gradient; some capillaries had formed a second bed on the vitread side of the inner nuclear layer (INL). By P28, the retinal vasculature had three mature capillary beds, the third abutting the sclerad aspect of the INL. In tr029VEGF mice, capillary bed formation was accelerated compared with that in wt, with abnormal vessels extending to the sclerad side of the INL by P7 and abnormally penetrating the photoreceptors by P28. Compared with P7, vascular lesions were more numerous at P28 when capillary dropout was also evident. At both stages, retinal layers were thinned most where abnormal vessel growth was greatest. CONCLUSIONS. Concomitant damage to the vasculature and neural retina at early stages in tr029VEGF suggest that both tissues are affected, providing opportunities to examine early cellular events that lead to long-term disease. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2006;47:4638 -4645

Successful Stepwise Development of Patient Research Partnership:14 Years' Experience of Actions and Consequences in Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT)

There is increasing interest in making patient participation an integral component of medical research. However, practical guidance on optimizing this engagement in healthcare is scarce. Since 2002, patient involvement has been one of the key features of the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) international consensus effort. Based on a review of cumulative data from qualitative studies and internal surveys among OMERACT participants, we explored the potential benefits and challenges of involving patient research partners in conferences and working group activities. We supplemented our review with personal experiences and reflections regarding patient participation in the OMERACT process. We found that between 2002 and 2016, 67 patients have attended OMERACT conferences, of whom 28 had sustained involvement; many other patients contributed to OMERACT working groups. Their participation provided face validity to the OMERACT process and expanded the research agenda. Essential facilitators have been the financial commitment to guarantee sustainable involvement of patients at these conferences, procedures for recruitment, selection and support, and dedicated time allocated in the program for patient issues. Current challenges include the representativeness of the patient panel, risk of pseudo-professionalization, and disparity in patients' and researchers' perception of involvement. In conclusion, OMERACT has embedded long-term patient involvement in the consensus-building process on the measurement of core health outcomes. This integrative process continues to evolve iteratively. We believe that the practical points raised here can improve participatory research implementation.</p

Benefits for children with suspected cancer from routine whole-genome sequencing

Clinical whole-genome sequencing (WGS) has been shown to deliver potential benefits to children with cancer and to alter treatment in high-risk patient groups. It remains unknown whether offering WGS to every child with suspected cancer can change patient management. We collected WGS variant calls and clinical and diagnostic information from 281 children (282 tumors) across two English units (n = 152 from a hematology center, n = 130 from a solid tumor center) where WGS had become a routine test. Our key finding was that variants uniquely attributable to WGS changed the management in ~7% (20 out of 282) of cases while providing additional disease-relevant findings, beyond standard-of-care molecular tests, in 108 instances for 83 (29%) cases. Furthermore, WGS faithfully reproduced every standard-of-care molecular test (n = 738) and revealed several previously unknown genomic features of childhood tumors. We show that WGS can be delivered as part of routine clinical care to children with suspected cancer and can change clinical management by delivering unexpected genomic insights. Our experience portrays WGS as a clinically impactful assay for routine practice, providing opportunities for assay consolidation and for delivery of molecularly informed patient care.</p