Multiple-channel generalization of Lellouch-Luscher formula

We generalize the Lellouch-Luscher formula, relating weak matrix elements in finite and infinite volumes, to the case of multiple strongly-coupled decay channels into two scalar particles. This is a necessary first step on the way to a lattice QCD calculation of weak decay rates for processes such as D -> pi pi and D -> KK. We also present a field theoretic derivation of the generalization of Luscher's finite volume quantization condition to multiple two-particle channels. We give fully explicit results for the case of two channels, including a form of the generalized Lellouch-Luscher formula expressed in terms of derivatives of the energies of finite volume states with respect to the box size. Our results hold for arbitrary total momentum and for degenerate or non-degenerate particles.Comment: 16 pages, 2 figures. v3: Added references, clarified relation to and corrected comments about previous work, and minor stylistic improvements. v4: Minor clarifications added, typos fixed, references updated---matches published versio

Evidence statement on the links between natural environments and human health

The full evidence statement and technical appendix are available from the Department’s Science and Research Projects Database at http://randd.defra.gov.uk (Defra Project Code BE0109) via the link in this recordThis evidence statement provides a broad overview of evidence on the inks between natural environments and human health. It summarises global, landscape scale and other indirect links between natural environments and human health before considering direct benefits in more detail. The review focuses predominantly on direct benefits to health and wellbeing at the individual and population level which result from use of or exposure to natural environments. It acknowledges but does not focus on environmental threats and stressors such as poor air quality or diseases that can be passed from wildlife to humans. The evidence statement makes use of higher order evidence such as peer-reviewed systematic reviews and other robust forms of evidence where possible, but is not itself systematic. Summary of the nature of the evidence used for each section is shown in he technical appendix. Evidence is used which is relevant to the environment and population of the United Kingdom.Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affair

Health and the natural environment: A review of evidence, policy, practice and opportunities for the future

This is the final version. Available from defra via the link in this record.This report details the outcomes of the Natural Environment and Health Fellowship, a partnership between Defra and the University of Exeter Medical School’s (UEMS) European Centre for Environment and Human Health (ECEHH). The work focused on the interconnections between the natural environment and good health (it does not consider environmental risks or stressors), and the ways in which these are, or could be harnessed in policy and practice. The majority of the work was undertaken in 2015-2016, prior to a number of significant developments such as the EU referendum and the publication of the 25 Year Plan to Improve the Environment. The research informed development of the 25 Year Plan and can inform the delivery of both the health themes of the 25 Year Plan and the development of environmental policy after leaving the European Union.Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA

Programmable telemetry system Patent

Time division multiplexed telemetry transmitting system controlled by programmed memor

The prevalence of medical reasons for non-participation in the Scottish breast and bowel cancer screening programmes

Objective: Increasing uptake of cancer screening is a priority for health systems internationally, however, some patients may not attend because they are undergoing active treatment for the cancer of interest or have other medical reasons that mean participation would be inappropriate. This study aims to quantify the proportion of non-participants who have a medical reason for not attending cancer screening.<p></p> Methods: Medical reasons for not participating in breast and bowel screening were defined a priori on the basis of a literature review and expert opinion. The notes of 700 patients at two GP practices in Scotland were reviewed, to ascertain the prevalence of medical reasons amongst non-participants. Simple proportions and confidence intervals were calculated.<p></p> Results: 17.4% of breast and 2.3% of bowel screening non-participants had a medical reason to not participate. The two most common reasons were previous breast cancer follow up (8.86%) and recent mammogram (6.57%).<p></p> Conclusion: These patients may not benefit from screening while also being distressed by receiving an invitation. This issue also makes accurate monitoring and target-setting for improving uptake difficult. Further work is needed to estimate robustly the extent to which medical reasons account for screening non-participation in a larger population.<p></p&gt

High-flux beam source for cold, slow atoms or molecules

We demonstrate and characterize a high-flux beam source for cold, slow atoms or molecules. The desired species is vaporized using laser ablation, then cooled by thermalization in a cryogenic cell of buffer gas. The beam is formed by particles exiting a hole in the buffer gas cell. We characterize the properties of the beam (flux, forward velocity, temperature) for both an atom (Na) and a molecule (PbO) under varying buffer gas density, and discuss conditions for optimizing these beam parameters. Our source compares favorably to existing techniques of beam formation, for a variety of applications.Comment: 5 Pages, 4 figure

Detection of Multi-drug Resistant \u3cem\u3eEscherichia coli\u3c/em\u3e in the Urban Waterways of Milwaukee, WI

Urban waterways represent a natural reservoir of antibiotic resistance which may provide a source of transferable genetic elements to human commensal bacteria and pathogens. The objective of this study was to evaluate antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from the urban waterways of Milwaukee, WI compared to those from Milwaukee sewage and a clinical setting in Milwaukee. Antibiotics covering 10 different families were utilized to determine the phenotypic antibiotic resistance for all 259 E. coli isolates. All obtained isolates were determined to be multi-drug resistant. The E. coli isolates were also screened for the presence of the genetic determinants of resistance including ermB (macrolide resistance), tet(M) (tetracycline resistance), and β-lactamases (blaOXA, blaSHV, and blaPSE). E. coli from urban waterways showed a greater incidence of antibiotic resistance to 8 of 17 antibiotics tested compared to human derived sources. These E. coli isolates also demonstrated a greater incidence of resistance to higher numbers of antibiotics compared to the human derived isolates. The urban waterways demonstrated a greater abundance of isolates with co-occurrence of antibiotic resistance than human derived sources. When screened for five different antibiotic resistance genes conferring macrolide, tetracycline, and β-lactam resistance, clinical E. coli isolates were more likely to harbor ermB and blaOXA than isolates from urban waterway. These results indicate that Milwaukee’s urban waterways may select or allow for a greater incidence of multiple antibiotic resistance organisms and likely harbor a different antibiotic resistance gene pool than clinical sources. The implications of this study are significant to understanding the presence of resistance in urban freshwater environments by supporting the idea that sediment from urban waterways serves as a reservoir of antibiotic resistance

A Project to Produce Calves from Selected Historical Angus Bulls

As part of the 50th anniversary of the McNay Research Farm, cows were inseminated with semen from Angus bulls of the 1950s and the 1970/1980s. The goal was to produce calves from Angus bulls that were popular 50 years ago and 25 years ago for viewing at the McNay Research Farm’s 50th Anniversary celebration in September 2006

Organic Beef Cattle Grazing Demonstration

There is growing interest in grass-fed organic beef. The objective of this study was to compare the performance of conventional feedlot-based cattle finishing with organic beef cattle finishing

Correction to note on linkage data for new ser mutants in NN #21

Correction to note on linkage data for new ser mutants in NN #2