Алгоритм и технические решения динамического конфигурирования клиент-серверных вычислительных сетей

Проанализированы основные факторы, обуславливающие расширение возможностей и повышение результативности сетевой разведки по идентификации состава и структуры клиент-серверных вычислительных сетей вследствие стационарности их структурно-функциональных характеристик. Вскрытые особенности защиты клиент-серверных вычислительных сетей, основанных на реализации принципов пространственного обеспечения безопасности, а также формализация и внедрение множества запрещающих регламентов обосновывают актуальность задачи динамического управления структурно-функциональными характеристиками клиент-серверных вычислительных сетей, функционирующих в условиях сетевой разведки. Представлена математическая модель, позволяющая находить оптимальные режимы динамического конфигурирования структурно-функциональных характеристик клиент-серверных вычислительных сетей для различных ситуаций. Приведены результаты расчетов. Представлен алгоритм решения задачи динамической конфигурации структурно-функциональных характеристик клиент-серверной вычислительной сети, обеспечивающий уменьшение времени достоверности добываемых сетевой разведкой данных. Показаны результаты практических испытаний разработанного на основе алгоритма динамического конфигурирования клиент-серверных вычислительных сетей программного обеспечения. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют, что использование представленного решения по динамическому конфигурированию клиент-серверных вычислительных сетей позволяет повысить результативность защиты за счет изменения структурно-функциональных характеристик клиент-серверных вычислительных сетей в рамках нескольких подсетей. При этом достигнуто поддержание критически важных соединений, а интервалы времени изменения структурно-функциональных характеристик адаптивны к условиям функционирования и действиям злоумышленника. Новизна разработанной модели заключается в применении математического аппарата теории марковских случайных процессов и решении уравнений Колмогорова для обоснования выбора режимов динамического конфигурирования структурно-функциональных характеристик клиент-серверных вычислительных сетей. Новизна разработанного алгоритма состоит в применении модели динамического конфигурирования структурно-функциональных характеристик клиент-серверных вычислительных сетей для динамического управления структурно-функциональными характеристиками клиент-серверной вычислительной сети в условиях сетевой разведки

Transparent and flexible, nanostructured and mediatorless glucose/oxygen enzymatic fuel cells

Here we detail transparent, flexible, nanostructured, membrane-less and mediator-free glucose/oxygen enzymatic fuel cells, which can be reproducibly fabricated with industrial scale throughput. The electrodes were built on a biocompatible flexible polymer, while nanoimprint lithography was used for their nanostructuring. The electrodes were covered with gold, their surfaces were visualised using scanning electron and atomic force microscopies, and they were also studied spectrophotometrically and electrochemically. The enzymatic fuel cells were fabricated following our previous reports on membrane-less and mediator-free biodevices in which cellobiose dehydrogenase and bilirubin oxidase were used as anodic and cathodic biocatalysts, respectively. The following average characteristics of transparent and flexible biodevices operating in glucose and chloride containing neutral buffers were registered: 0.63 V open-circuit voltage, and 0.6 mu W cm(-2) maximal power density at a cell voltage of 0.35 V. A transparent and flexible enzymatic fuel cell could still deliver at least 0.5 mu W cm(-2) after 12 h of continuous operation. Thus, such biodevices can potentially be used as self-powered biosensors or electric power sources for smart electronic contact lenses. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Structure of feeding for <i>Echinarachnius parma</i> and <i>Scaphechinus mirabilis</i> (Echinoidea, Clypeasteroida) in the Troitsa Bay, Japan Sea

Feeding of sand dollars Echinarachnius parma and Scaphechinus mirabilis (Clypeasteroida) in the Troitsa Bay, Japan Sea is investigated. Both species dwell on coarse bottom sand with the percentage of fine fraction (< 0.2 mm) no more than 3 %. Diatoms are the most important component of the sand dollars feeding, they are represented by 50 species in the ground but only 27 species in the faeces, with predominance of the cells with chloroplasts in the faeces, that indicates a selectivity of the sand dollars feeding. High similarity (0.97) of algal flora in the faeces of S. mirabilis and E. parma shows their common feeding habits. Crystals of zircon and ilmenite with specific gravity 4.7 g/cm3 are accumulated in the diverticulum of S. mirabilis though they are very rare in sandy grounds

ROFI of the Elbe river during flood event, unstructured-mesh model study.

Regional models help to significantly improve our understanding of the global and regional cycles of, for example, carbon and nutrients. However, regional models often poorly resolve estuarine dynamics and are rather controlled by open boundary conditions. To investigate ecosystem processes in the south-eastern North Sea and Elbe estuary while avoiding the problems associated with nesting solutions we developed and applied an unstructured-mesh physical ocean model (FESOM-C). The FESOM-C model employs mixed unstructured-mesh methods and a finite - volume discretization. It is based on three-dimensional primitive equations for momentum, continuity, and density constituents. Vertically, the model uses a σ-coordinate system. The unstructured grid consists of quads and triangles zooming into the estuary, its vicinity and the coastline. Decrease in horizontal resolution provides a better numerical representation of coastal processes like asymmetries in tidal and residual flows, and periodic stratification. The lower resolution in the open sea allows conducting comparatively large regional studies. We developed a construction methodology for model setups in regions with complex coastal lines, including mixed mesh and bathymetry generation, open boundary and initial conditions and rivers distribution formation. The newly developed FESOM-C model could reproduce both barotropic and baroclinic dynamics of the coastal and estuary regions reasonably well. An Elbe summer flood event was well captured by the physical model. Investigation of flood event on ROFI of Elbe River were conducted with developed model by introduction of passive tracers in river outflow

BRCA1 4153delA founder mutation in Russian ovarian cancer patients

The BRCA1 4153delA allele is frequently referred to as the Russian founder mutation, as it was initially detected in several cancer families from Moscow. Our earlier studies have demonstrated 1% occurrence of BRCA1 4153delA heterozygosity in familial and/or early-onset and/or bilateral Russian breast cancer (BC) patients. Since literature data suggest that the 4153delA variant is more associated with ovarian cancer (OC) than with BC, we expected to reveal a highly elevated frequency of this genotype in Russian ovarian cancer series. However, real-time allele-specific PCR genotyping has detected only two BRCA1 4153delA carriers out of 177 unselected OC patients (1.1%). Both these carriers were early-onset and had serous carcinomas of grade 3. Thus, our study supports neither the Russian origin of BRCA1 4153delA mutation, nor its selectivity towards ovarian versus breast cancer predisposition

CHEK2 1100 delC mutation in Russian ovarian cancer patients

BRCA1 and BRCA2 germ-line mutations occur in a significant number of unselected ovarian cancer (OC) patients, thus making a noticeable contribution to OC morbidity. It is of interest whether CHEK2, which is frequently regarded as a third breast cancer specific gene, is also relevant to ovarian cancer pathogenesis. In this report we analyzed the presence of CHEK2 1100 delC founder mutation in 268 randomly recruited OC patients. The mutation was identified in 2 women with OC (0.8%) as compared to 1/448 (0.2%) healthy middle-aged and 0/373 elderly tumour-free women. Taken together this result and the negative findings of two other published reports on an association of CHEK2 with ovarian cancer indicate that there is no justification for intensive ovarian cancer screening in CHEK2 1100 delC carriers

Geochemical, sedimentological and microbial diversity in two thermokarst lakes of far Eastern Siberia

Thermokarst lakes are important conduits for organic carbon sequestration, soil organic matter (soil-OM) decomposition and release of atmospheric greenhouse gases in the Arctic. They can be classified as either floating-ice lakes, which sustain a zone of unfrozen sediment (talik) at the lakebed year-round, or as bedfast-ice lakes, which freeze all the way to the lakebed in winter. Another key characteristic of thermokarst lakes are their eroding shorelines, depending on the surrounding landscape, they can play a major role in supplying the lakebeds with sediment and OM. These differences in winter ice regime and eroding shorelines are key factors which determine the quantity and quality of OM in thermokarst lake sediments. We used an array of physical, geochemical, and microbiological tools to identify the differences in the environmental conditions, sedimentary characteristics, carbon stocks and microbial community compositions in the sediments of a bedfast-ice and a floating-ice lake in Far East Siberia with different eroding shorelines. Our data show strong differences across most of the measured parameters between the two lakes. For example, the floating-ice lake contains considerably lower amounts of sediment organic matter and dissolved organic carbon, both of which also appear to be more degraded in comparison to the bedfast-ice lake, based on their stable carbon isotope composition (δ13C). We also document clear differences in the microbial community composition, for both archaea and bacteria. We identified the lake water depth (bedfast-ice vs. floating-ice) and shoreline erosion to be the two most likely main drivers of the sedimentary, microbial and biogeochemical diversity in thermokarst lakes. With ongoing climate warming, it is likely that an increasing number of lakes will shift from a bedfast- to a floating-ice state, and that increasing levels of shoreline erosion will supply the lakes with sediments. Yet, still little is known about the physical, biogeochemical and microbial differences in the sediments of these lake types and how different eroding shorelines impact these lake system

High frequency of BRCA1, but not CHEK2 or NBS1 (NBN), founder mutations in Russian ovarian cancer patients

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>A significant portion of ovarian cancer (OC) cases is caused by germ-line mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes. BRCA testing is cheap in populations with founder effect and therefore recommended for all patients with OC diagnosis. Recurrent mutations constitute the vast majority of BRCA defects in Russia, however their impact in OC morbidity has not been yet systematically studied. Furthermore, Russian population is characterized by a relatively high frequency of CHEK2 and NBS1 (NBN) heterozygotes, but it remains unclear whether these two genes contribute to the OC risk.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The study included 354 OC patients from 2 distinct, geographically remote regions (290 from North-Western Russia (St.-Petersburg) and 64 from the south of the country (Krasnodar)). DNA samples were tested by allele-specific PCR for the presence of 8 founder mutations (BRCA1 5382insC, BRCA1 4153delA, BRCA1 185delAG, BRCA1 300T>G, BRCA2 6174delT, CHEK2 1100delC, CHEK2 IVS2+1G>A, NBS1 657del5). In addition, literature data on the occurrence of BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2 and NBS1 mutations in non-selected ovarian cancer patients were reviewed.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>BRCA1 5382insC allele was detected in 28/290 (9.7%) OC cases from the North-West and 11/64 (17.2%) OC patients from the South of Russia. In addition, 4 BRCA1 185delAG, 2 BRCA1 4153delA, 1 BRCA2 6174delT, 2 CHEK2 1100delC and 1 NBS1 657del5 mutation were detected. 1 patient from Krasnodar was heterozygous for both BRCA1 5382insC and NBS1 657del5 variants.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Founder BRCA1 mutations, especially BRCA1 5382insC variant, are responsible for substantial share of OC morbidity in Russia, therefore DNA testing has to be considered for every OC patient of Russian origin. Taken together with literature data, this study does not support the contribution of CHEK2 in OC risk, while the role of NBS1 heterozygosity may require further clarification.</p