25 research outputs found
Evaluation of a pro-recovery training intervention (REFOCUS-RETAFORM) in specialist mental health services across France: stepped-wedge cluster randomised controlled trial protocol
BackgroundWhile recovery orientation is national policy in many countries, evidence remains limited for the effectiveness at a service level. This paper describes the protocol for implementing a pro-recovery training intervention (REFOCUS-RETAFORM) in specialist mental health services across France. The aim is to evaluate whether REFOCUS-RETAFORM plus usual care leads to improved outcomes for adolescent and adult mental health service users compared with usual care alone.MethodsA two-step stepped wedge cluster randomised controlled trial will be conducted, with a nested qualitative sub-study exploring stakeholders’ views on changes in staff-user relationships and implementation influences. The REFOCUS-RETAFORM intervention is a training intervention for mental health staff, to develop recovery-promoting relationships and pro-recovery working practices. Clusters are services, which transition sequentially from control to intervention condition in a randomised order. Eight clusters are randomised to deliver REFOCUS-RETAFORM in year one and eight clusters in year two. Each cluster delivers REFOCUS-RETAFORM to two teams from their organisation (32 teams in total). Participants are a) service users aged 13–65 years attending services implementing REFOCUS-RETAFORM, and b) staff receiving the intervention. The primary outcome is the Questionnaire about the Process of Recovery. Secondary outcomes include perceived stigma and coercion, self-stigma and wellbeing for service users, and recovery-orientation for staff. Data will be collected from 540 service users (180 at baseline, 180 at month 12, 180 at month 24) and 220 staff. We will use multilevel mixed-effects models, adjusting for secular trends and thematic analysis for the qualitative interview data.DiscussionFindings will inform the continued transformation of French specialist mental health services toward a recovery orientation
Caractérisation et spécificités des réponses immunitaires protectrices post vaccinales anti SARS CoV 2 chez les patients transplantés rénaux
Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) are at very high risk of severe infections, due to the immunosuppressive drugs they take to limit the risk of graft rejection. This increased risk of infection was particularly striking during the COVID-19 pandemic. The development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, inducing a protective immune response in almost all healthy subjects, gave hope of possible protection for these patients. Unfortunately, it soon became apparent that standard vaccine regimens were unable to efficiently protect the majority of KTRs. The aim of the work presented here was to improve SARS-CoV-2 vaccine strategies, by understanding the relationship between vaccine immune responses and clinical protection against COVID-19 in KTRs.In the 1st part of this work, we demonstrated that the presence of virus-neutralizing antibodies was the short-term immune correlate of protection in KTRs. We then demonstrated that these antibodies are generated only if a germinal center reaction is triggered. As the latter can be favored by an increase in the quantity of antigen, we then proved that a 3rd vaccine injection significantly increased the rate of protected patients. This contributed to the improvement of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination practices in KTRs. However, the pandemic has evolved, and the appearance of viral variants has led to fears that this neutralizing antibody-related protection will disappear in our patients. In the 2nd part of our work, we demonstrated that even patients who had responded to the vaccine would find themselves without serological protection after a few months. However, these patients remained protected, indicating a protective mechanism independent of neutralizing antibodies. By dissecting their immune responses, we were able to observe that these patients remained protected thanks to the presence of specific memory B cells, generated at the time of the germinal center reaction, capable of reactivating against a viral variant and rapidly secreting high antibody titers in the event of infection. We have thus been able to demonstrate that memory B lymphocytes play a vital role in post-vaccination protection of KTRs, raising questions about their role in other contexts for these patients. However, although some KTRs may be protected by vaccination, this work has also highlighted the need to improve vaccine strategies in KTRs.Les patients transplantés rénaux sont à très haut risque d’infections sévères, en raison de la prise de traitements immunosuppresseurs pour limiter le risque de rejet de greffe. Ce surrisque infectieux a été particulièrement frappant dès le début de la pandémie de COVID-19. L’arrivée des vaccins anti SARS-CoV-2, permettant d’induire une réponse immunitaire protectrice chez les sujets sains, a laissé espérer une possible protection à ces patients. Malheureusement, il est rapidement apparu que les schémas vaccinaux standards ne permettaient pas de protéger efficacement la majorité des patients transplantés. Le travail présenté ici a eu pour objectif d’améliorer les stratégies vaccinales anti SARS-CoV-2, par la compréhension des relations entre réponses immunitaires vaccinales et protection clinique contre le COVID-19 chez les patients transplantés.Dans la 1ere partie de ce travail, nous avons mis en évidence que la présence d’anticorps neutralisants le virus était le corrélat de protection immunitaire à court terme chez les patients transplantés. Nous avons ensuite pu démontrer que ces anticorps sont générés si une réaction de centre germinatif se met en place. Cette dernière pouvant être favorisée par une augmentation de la quantité d’antigène, nous avons ensuite pu prouver qu’une 3ème injection de vaccin permettait d’augmenter significativement le taux de patients protégés. Cela a contribué à l’amélioration des pratiques vaccinales anti SARS-CoV-2 chez les patients transplantés. Cependant, la pandémie a évolué, et l’apparition de variants viraux a fait craindre une disparition de cette protection liée aux anticorps chez nos patients. Dans la 2nde partie travail, nous avons effectivement mis en évidence que même les patients répondeurs au vaccin se retrouvaient sans protection sérologique après quelques mois. Cependant, ces patients restaient protégés, indiquant mécanisme protecteur indépendant des anticorps. En disséquant leurs réponses immunitaires, nous avons pu observer que ces patients restaient protégés grâce à la présence de lymphocytes B mémoires spécifiques, générés au moment de la réaction de centre germinatif, et capables de se réactiver contre un variant viral et de sécréter rapidement des titres importants d’anticorps en cas d’infection. Ainsi, nous avons pu mettre en évidence que les lymphocytes B mémoires jouent un rôle primordial dans la protection post-vaccinale des transplantés rénaux, questionnant ainsi leur rôle dans d’autres contextes chez ces patients. Cependant, bien que certains patients puissent être protégés par la vaccination, ce travail a également mis en exergue la nécessité d’améliorer les stratégies vaccinales chez les patients transplantés
Caractérisation et spécificités des réponses immunitaires protectrices post vaccinales anti SARS CoV 2 chez les patients transplantés rénaux
Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) are at very high risk of severe infections, due to the immunosuppressive drugs they take to limit the risk of graft rejection. This increased risk of infection was particularly striking during the COVID-19 pandemic. The development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, inducing a protective immune response in almost all healthy subjects, gave hope of possible protection for these patients. Unfortunately, it soon became apparent that standard vaccine regimens were unable to efficiently protect the majority of KTRs. The aim of the work presented here was to improve SARS-CoV-2 vaccine strategies, by understanding the relationship between vaccine immune responses and clinical protection against COVID-19 in KTRs.In the 1st part of this work, we demonstrated that the presence of virus-neutralizing antibodies was the short-term immune correlate of protection in KTRs. We then demonstrated that these antibodies are generated only if a germinal center reaction is triggered. As the latter can be favored by an increase in the quantity of antigen, we then proved that a 3rd vaccine injection significantly increased the rate of protected patients. This contributed to the improvement of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination practices in KTRs. However, the pandemic has evolved, and the appearance of viral variants has led to fears that this neutralizing antibody-related protection will disappear in our patients. In the 2nd part of our work, we demonstrated that even patients who had responded to the vaccine would find themselves without serological protection after a few months. However, these patients remained protected, indicating a protective mechanism independent of neutralizing antibodies. By dissecting their immune responses, we were able to observe that these patients remained protected thanks to the presence of specific memory B cells, generated at the time of the germinal center reaction, capable of reactivating against a viral variant and rapidly secreting high antibody titers in the event of infection. We have thus been able to demonstrate that memory B lymphocytes play a vital role in post-vaccination protection of KTRs, raising questions about their role in other contexts for these patients. However, although some KTRs may be protected by vaccination, this work has also highlighted the need to improve vaccine strategies in KTRs.Les patients transplantés rénaux sont à très haut risque d’infections sévères, en raison de la prise de traitements immunosuppresseurs pour limiter le risque de rejet de greffe. Ce surrisque infectieux a été particulièrement frappant dès le début de la pandémie de COVID-19. L’arrivée des vaccins anti SARS-CoV-2, permettant d’induire une réponse immunitaire protectrice chez les sujets sains, a laissé espérer une possible protection à ces patients. Malheureusement, il est rapidement apparu que les schémas vaccinaux standards ne permettaient pas de protéger efficacement la majorité des patients transplantés. Le travail présenté ici a eu pour objectif d’améliorer les stratégies vaccinales anti SARS-CoV-2, par la compréhension des relations entre réponses immunitaires vaccinales et protection clinique contre le COVID-19 chez les patients transplantés.Dans la 1ere partie de ce travail, nous avons mis en évidence que la présence d’anticorps neutralisants le virus était le corrélat de protection immunitaire à court terme chez les patients transplantés. Nous avons ensuite pu démontrer que ces anticorps sont générés si une réaction de centre germinatif se met en place. Cette dernière pouvant être favorisée par une augmentation de la quantité d’antigène, nous avons ensuite pu prouver qu’une 3ème injection de vaccin permettait d’augmenter significativement le taux de patients protégés. Cela a contribué à l’amélioration des pratiques vaccinales anti SARS-CoV-2 chez les patients transplantés. Cependant, la pandémie a évolué, et l’apparition de variants viraux a fait craindre une disparition de cette protection liée aux anticorps chez nos patients. Dans la 2nde partie travail, nous avons effectivement mis en évidence que même les patients répondeurs au vaccin se retrouvaient sans protection sérologique après quelques mois. Cependant, ces patients restaient protégés, indiquant mécanisme protecteur indépendant des anticorps. En disséquant leurs réponses immunitaires, nous avons pu observer que ces patients restaient protégés grâce à la présence de lymphocytes B mémoires spécifiques, générés au moment de la réaction de centre germinatif, et capables de se réactiver contre un variant viral et de sécréter rapidement des titres importants d’anticorps en cas d’infection. Ainsi, nous avons pu mettre en évidence que les lymphocytes B mémoires jouent un rôle primordial dans la protection post-vaccinale des transplantés rénaux, questionnant ainsi leur rôle dans d’autres contextes chez ces patients. Cependant, bien que certains patients puissent être protégés par la vaccination, ce travail a également mis en exergue la nécessité d’améliorer les stratégies vaccinales chez les patients transplantés
Caractérisation et spécificités des réponses immunitaires protectrices post vaccinales anti SARS CoV 2 chez les patients transplantés rénaux
Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) are at very high risk of severe infections, due to the immunosuppressive drugs they take to limit the risk of graft rejection. This increased risk of infection was particularly striking during the COVID-19 pandemic. The development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, inducing a protective immune response in almost all healthy subjects, gave hope of possible protection for these patients. Unfortunately, it soon became apparent that standard vaccine regimens were unable to efficiently protect the majority of KTRs. The aim of the work presented here was to improve SARS-CoV-2 vaccine strategies, by understanding the relationship between vaccine immune responses and clinical protection against COVID-19 in KTRs.In the 1st part of this work, we demonstrated that the presence of virus-neutralizing antibodies was the short-term immune correlate of protection in KTRs. We then demonstrated that these antibodies are generated only if a germinal center reaction is triggered. As the latter can be favored by an increase in the quantity of antigen, we then proved that a 3rd vaccine injection significantly increased the rate of protected patients. This contributed to the improvement of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination practices in KTRs. However, the pandemic has evolved, and the appearance of viral variants has led to fears that this neutralizing antibody-related protection will disappear in our patients. In the 2nd part of our work, we demonstrated that even patients who had responded to the vaccine would find themselves without serological protection after a few months. However, these patients remained protected, indicating a protective mechanism independent of neutralizing antibodies. By dissecting their immune responses, we were able to observe that these patients remained protected thanks to the presence of specific memory B cells, generated at the time of the germinal center reaction, capable of reactivating against a viral variant and rapidly secreting high antibody titers in the event of infection. We have thus been able to demonstrate that memory B lymphocytes play a vital role in post-vaccination protection of KTRs, raising questions about their role in other contexts for these patients. However, although some KTRs may be protected by vaccination, this work has also highlighted the need to improve vaccine strategies in KTRs.Les patients transplantés rénaux sont à très haut risque d’infections sévères, en raison de la prise de traitements immunosuppresseurs pour limiter le risque de rejet de greffe. Ce surrisque infectieux a été particulièrement frappant dès le début de la pandémie de COVID-19. L’arrivée des vaccins anti SARS-CoV-2, permettant d’induire une réponse immunitaire protectrice chez les sujets sains, a laissé espérer une possible protection à ces patients. Malheureusement, il est rapidement apparu que les schémas vaccinaux standards ne permettaient pas de protéger efficacement la majorité des patients transplantés. Le travail présenté ici a eu pour objectif d’améliorer les stratégies vaccinales anti SARS-CoV-2, par la compréhension des relations entre réponses immunitaires vaccinales et protection clinique contre le COVID-19 chez les patients transplantés.Dans la 1ere partie de ce travail, nous avons mis en évidence que la présence d’anticorps neutralisants le virus était le corrélat de protection immunitaire à court terme chez les patients transplantés. Nous avons ensuite pu démontrer que ces anticorps sont générés si une réaction de centre germinatif se met en place. Cette dernière pouvant être favorisée par une augmentation de la quantité d’antigène, nous avons ensuite pu prouver qu’une 3ème injection de vaccin permettait d’augmenter significativement le taux de patients protégés. Cela a contribué à l’amélioration des pratiques vaccinales anti SARS-CoV-2 chez les patients transplantés. Cependant, la pandémie a évolué, et l’apparition de variants viraux a fait craindre une disparition de cette protection liée aux anticorps chez nos patients. Dans la 2nde partie travail, nous avons effectivement mis en évidence que même les patients répondeurs au vaccin se retrouvaient sans protection sérologique après quelques mois. Cependant, ces patients restaient protégés, indiquant mécanisme protecteur indépendant des anticorps. En disséquant leurs réponses immunitaires, nous avons pu observer que ces patients restaient protégés grâce à la présence de lymphocytes B mémoires spécifiques, générés au moment de la réaction de centre germinatif, et capables de se réactiver contre un variant viral et de sécréter rapidement des titres importants d’anticorps en cas d’infection. Ainsi, nous avons pu mettre en évidence que les lymphocytes B mémoires jouent un rôle primordial dans la protection post-vaccinale des transplantés rénaux, questionnant ainsi leur rôle dans d’autres contextes chez ces patients. Cependant, bien que certains patients puissent être protégés par la vaccination, ce travail a également mis en exergue la nécessité d’améliorer les stratégies vaccinales chez les patients transplantés
Chronic Kidney Disease-Associated Immune Dysfunctions: Impact of Protein-Bound Uremic Retention Solutes on Immune Cells
Regardless of the primary disease responsible for kidney failure, patients suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD) have in common multiple impairments of both the innate and adaptive immune systems, the pathophysiology of which has long remained enigmatic. CKD-associated immune dysfunction includes chronic low-grade activation of monocytes and neutrophils, which induces endothelial damage and increases cardiovascular risk. Although innate immune effectors are activated during CKD, their anti-bacterial capacity is impaired, leading to increased susceptibility to extracellular bacterial infections. Finally, CKD patients are also characterized by profound alterations of cellular and humoral adaptive immune responses, which account for an increased risk for malignancies and viral infections. This review summarizes the recent emerging data that link the pathophysiology of CKD-associated immune dysfunctions with the accumulation of microbiota-derived metabolites, including indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate, the two best characterized protein-bound uremic retention solutes.</jats:p
Predictive factors of response to 3<sup>rd</sup> dose of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in kidney transplant recipients
AbstractOnly a minority of kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) develop protective neutralizing titers of anti-receptor binding domain of spike protein (RBD) IgG after two doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. Administration of a third dose of mRNA vaccine to KTRs with sub-optimal response increase anti-RBD IgG titers but with high inter-individual variability. Patients with the higher response rate to the third dose of vaccine can be identified by the presence of low anti-RBD IgG titers and spike-specific CD4+ T cells in their circulation 14 days after the second dose.</jats:p
Improved cell signaling analysis by biofunctionalized nanospheres and imaging flow cytometry
International audienceAbstract The analysis of immune cell signaling is critical for the understanding of the biology and pathology of the immune system, and thus a mandatory step for the development of efficient biomarkers and targeted therapies. Phosflow, which has progressively replaced the traditional western blot approach, relies on flow cytometry to analyze various signaling pathways at a single‐cell level. This technique however suffers a lack of sensitivity largely due to the low signal/noise ratio that characterizes cell signaling analysis. In this study, we describe a new technique, which combines the use of biofunctionalized nanospheres (i.e., synthetic particulate antigens, SPAg) to stimulate the immune cells in suspension and imaging flow cytometry to identify homogenously‐stimulated cells and quantify the activity of the chosen signaling pathway in selected subcellular regions of interest. Using BCR signaling as model, we demonstrate that SIBERIAN ( S PAg‐ass I sted su B ‐c E llula R s I gnaling AN alysis) allows assessing immune cell signaling with unprecedented sensitivity and specificity
Predictive factors of a viral neutralizing humoral response after a third dose of COVID‐19 mRNA vaccine
International audienc
