Propuesta de estrategias didácticas desde la perspectiva de los juegos de roles para el proceso de aprendizaje de la construcción de una sociedad participativa, cultural, política, educativa y democrática, en los niños de cuarto grado de educación básica primaria del colegio gimnasio cristiano los andes de Bogotá-Colombia.

En el proyecto se anexan imagen 1,2,3 y 4 y tabla 1El proyecto de investigación denominado: “Propuesta de estrategias didácticas desde la perspectiva de los juegos de roles para el proceso de aprendizaje de la construcción de una sociedad participativa, cultural, política, educativa y democrática, en los niños de cuarto grado de educación básica primaria del colegio Gimnasio Cristiano los Andes de Bogotá-Colombia” presenta los resultados del trabajo de grado realizado en la modalidad de Proyecto de investigación inscrito en la línea de investigación: Argumentación pedagogía y aprendizaje de la Escuela Ciencias de la Educación (ECEDU), y se basa en el diseño de una propuesta de metodología de aprendizaje participativo donde los niños de cuarto de primaria del colegio Gimnasio Cristiano los Andes de Bogotá Colombia, mediante el juego de roles, aprenden a participar, trabajar en equipo, acatar y respetar las normas para construir una mejor sociedad. Mientras los niños ejercen roles del mundo profesional, comienzan a definir su proyecto educativo universitario y apropiarse del mismo, lo que los llevará a participar y aportar en la construcción de reglas para su sociedad.The research project titled: “Proposal of didactic strategies from the perspective of role games for the learning process of the construction of a participatory, cultural, political, educational and democratic society, in fourth grade children of primary basic education from the Colegio Cristiano los Andes school in Bogotá-Colombia” presents the results of the undergraduate work carried out in the form of a Research Project registered in the line of research: Pedagogy and Learning Argumentation of the School of Educational Sciences (ECEDU), and It is based on the design of a participatory learning methodology proposal, where fourth graders of the Colegio Cristiano los Andes school in Bogotá, Colombia, through role games, learn to participate, work as a team, abide by and respect the rules for building a better society. While children play roles in the professional world, they begin to define and appropriate their university educational project, which will lead them to participate and contribute to the construction of rules for their society

Reassessment of sst3 Somatostatin Receptor Expression in Human Normal and Neoplastic Tissues Using the Novel Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody UMB-5

Background: Among the five somatostatin receptors (sst1-sst5), the sst3 receptor displays a distinct pharmacological profile. Like sst2, the sst3 receptor efficiently internalizes radiolabeled somatostatin analogs. Unlike sst2, however, internalized sst3 receptors are rapidly transferred to lysosomes for degradation. Apart from this, very little is known about the clinical relevance of the sst3 receptor, which may in part be due to the lack of specific monoclonal sst3 antibodies. Methods: Here, we have extensively characterized the novel rabbit monoclonal anti-human sst3 antibody UMB-5 using transfected cells and receptor-expressing tissues. UMB-5 was then subjected to immunohistochemical staining of a series of 190 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded normal and neoplastic human tissues. Results: Specificity of UMB-5 was demonstrated by detection of a broad band migrating at a molecular weight of 70,000–85,000 in immunoblots from human pituitary. After enzymatic deglycosylation, the size of this band decreased to a molecular weight of 45,000. Tissue immunostaining was completely abolished by pre-adsorption of UMB-5 with its immunizing peptide. In addition, UMB-5 detected distinct cell populations in human tissues like pancreatic islands, anterior pituitary, adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla, and enteric ganglia, similar to that seen with a rabbit polyclonal antibody generated against a different carboxyl-terminal epitope of the sst3 receptor. In a comparative immunohistochemical study, UMB-5 yielded predominant plasma membrane staining in the majority of pituitary adenomas, pheochromocytomas, and a subset of neuroendocrine tumors. The sst3 receptor was also present in many glioblastomas, pancreatic, breast, cervix, and ovarian carcinomas. Conclusion: The rabbit monoclonal antibody UMB-5 may prove of great value in the identification of sst3-expressing tumors during routine histopathological examinations. Given its unique trafficking properties, these tumors may be potential candidates for sst3-directed receptor radiotherapy

Разработка малогабаритного передвижного ультразвукового метеокомплекса

Объектом исследования являются электроакустический преобразователь для работы в воздушной среде с повышенной эффективностью преобразования. Цель работы – разработка ЭАП обладающего высокой эффективностью преобразования при достаточно малых габаритах, разработка конструкции и технологии его изготовления. В процессе исследования проводились теоретические расчёты основных элементов ЭАП, экспериментальные исследования. В результате исследования были получены основные зависимости, связывающие эффективность преобразования с характеристиками материалов протектора и демпфера и их геометрических характеристик, разработан ЭАП.The object of the study are electroacoustic transducer for use in air with high conversion efficiency. The purpose of work - development of EAP has high conversion efficiency at a sufficiently small size, design development and manufacture technology. The study carried out theoretical calculations of basic elements of EMAT experimental studies. The study was prepared according to the main connecting conversion efficiency with the characteristics of the tread material and damper, and their geometric characteristics, developed EAP

Higher susceptibility to Fas ligand induced apoptosis and altered modulation of cell death by tumor necrosis factor-α in periarticular tenocytes from patients with knee joint osteoarthritis

The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of Fas in periarticular tenocytes of patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and to study their susceptibility to Fas ligand-mediated apoptosis. Tendon samples were obtained from the quadriceps femoris muscle of patients with knee OA and used for histological evaluation, for immunohistochemical detection of Fas, and to establish tenocyte cultures. The expression of Fas mRNA was determined by quantitative PCR. Levels of soluble Fas and soluble tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptor I were measured using ELISA. Apoptosis was induced with recombinant human Fas ligand and measured by a histone fragmentation assay and flow cytometry. The effects of TNF-α were studied by stimulation with TNF-α alone or 24 hours before the induction of apoptosis. Tendon samples from non-OA patients were used as controls. Histological evaluation revealed degenerative changes in the tendons of all OA patients but not in the controls. Fas was detected by immunohistochemistry in all specimens, but quantitative PCR revealed significantly higher levels of Fas mRNA in OA tenocytes. In contrast, lower levels of soluble Fas were found in OA tenocytes by ELISA. OA tenocytes were significantly more susceptible to Fas ligand induced apoptosis than were control cells. TNF-α reduced the Fas ligand induced apoptosis in OA tenocytes but had no effects on control tenocytes. These data suggest that knee OA is associated with higher susceptibility of periarticular tenocytes to Fas ligand induced apoptosis because of higher expression of Fas but lower levels of apoptosis-inhibiting soluble Fas. These changes may contribute to decreased cellularity in degenerative tendons and promote their rupturing. The antiapoptotic effects of TNF-α in OA tenocytes most likely reflect regenerative attempts and must be taken into account when anti-TNF strategies are considered for OA

MRI phenotyping of underlying cerebral small vessel disease in mixed hemorrhage patients

Objective: To investigate underlying cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) in patients with mixed cerebral hemorrhages patterns and phenotype them according to the contribution of the two most common sporadic CSVD subtypes: cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) vs. hypertensive arteriopathy (HA). Methods: Brain MRIs of patients with intracerebral hemorrhages (ICHs) and/or cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) were assessed for the full spectrum of CSVD markers using validated scales: ICHs, CMBs, cortical superficial siderosis (cSS), white matter hyperintensities, MRI-visible perivascular spaces (PVS). PVS predominance pattern was grouped as centrum-semiovale (CSO)-PVS predominance, basal-ganglia (BG)-PVS predominance, CSO-PVS and BG-PVS equality. Patients with mixed cerebral hemorrhages were classified into mixed CAA-pattern or mixed HA-pattern according to the existence of cSS and/or a CSO-PVS predominance pattern and comparisons were performed. Results: We included 110 patients with CAA (strictly lobar ICHs/CMBs), 33 with HA (strictly deep ICHs/CMBs) and 97 with mixed lobar/deep ICHs/CMBs. Mixed patients were more similar to HA with respect to their MRI-CSVD markers, vascular risk profile and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) measures. In the mixed patients, 33 (34%) had cSS, a CSO-PVS predominance pattern, or both, and were defined as mixed CAA-pattern cases. The mixed CAA-pattern patients were more alike CAA patients regarding their MRI-CSVD markers, CSF and genetic profile. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the heterogeneous group of patients with mixed cerebral hemorrhages distribution can be further phenotyped according to the predominant underlying CSVD. cSS presence and a CSO-PVS predominance pattern could serve as strongly suggestive markers of a contribution from CAA among patients with mixed hemorrhages

Severe depression is associated with increased microglial quinolinic acid in subregions of the anterior cingulate gyrus: evidence for an immune-modulated glutamatergic neurotransmission?

RIGHTS : This article is licensed under the BioMed Central licence at http://www.biomedcentral.com/about/license which is similar to the 'Creative Commons Attribution Licence'. In brief you may : copy, distribute, and display the work; make derivative works; or make commercial use of the work - under the following conditions: the original author must be given credit; for any reuse or distribution, it must be made clear to others what the license terms of this work are.BACKGROUND: Immune dysfunction, including monocytosis and increased blood levels of interleukin-1, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor α has been observed during acute episodes of major depression. These peripheral immune processes may be accompanied by microglial activation in subregions of the anterior cingulate cortex where depression-associated alterations of glutamatergic neurotransmission have been described. METHODS: Microglial immunoreactivity of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor agonist quinolinic acid (QUIN) in the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sACC), anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC) and pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pACC) of 12 acutely depressed suicidal patients (major depressive disorder/MDD, n = 7; bipolar disorder/BD, n = 5) was analyzed using immunohistochemistry and compared with its expression in 10 healthy control subjects. RESULTS: Depressed patients had a significantly increased density of QUIN-positive cells in the sACC (P = 0.003) and the aMCC (P = 0.015) compared to controls. In contrast, counts of QUIN-positive cells in the pACC did not differ between the groups (P = 0.558). Post-hoc tests showed that significant findings were attributed to MDD and were absent in BD. CONCLUSIONS: These results add a novel link to the immune hypothesis of depression by providing evidence for an upregulation of microglial QUIN in brain regions known to be responsive to infusion of NMDA antagonists such as ketamine. Further work in this area could lead to a greater understanding of the pathophysiology of depressive disorders and pave the way for novel NMDA receptor therapies or immune-modulating strategies.Peer Reviewe